GNSS单站授时系统性偏差分析

从单站授时基本观测方程出发,对引起系统性偏差的原因进行研究,结合具体实验分析卫星钟差和接收机硬件延迟对授时结果的影响。实验结果表明,卫星钟差引起的系统性偏差随时间变化,对所有测站影响相同;接收机硬件延迟会对授时结果造成系统性偏差影响,不同测站的系统性偏差不同,其大小取决于各自接收机硬件延迟的偏差,在进行授时及时间同步时应当加以改正;接收机硬件延迟不影响授时结果频率的稳定度,在进行频率传递时无需改正。     

LEO卫星单频精密定轨电离层模型改进算法

电离层延迟的有效改正是LEO卫星单频精密定轨的关键所在。目前主要采用电离层比例因子法进行LEO卫星电离层延迟改正,但该方法在电子密度峰值高度确定时未考虑太阳活动、经纬度、昼夜变化、季节等因素的影响。IRI2012模型虽然考虑了上述因素对电子密度峰值高度的影响,但因其与电离层薄层高度选择的标准不一致,通常它们之间存在系统性偏差而无法直接使用。为此本文提出将电离层薄层高度作为约束条件对IRI2012模型确定的电子密度峰值高度的均值进行参数约束估计,得到一种改进的电离层模型算法,并利用Swarm卫星GPS观测数据对其进行验证。结果表明:改进的电离层模型对Swarm卫星径向、切向和法向定轨精度均有不同程度的提高,尤其对轨道径向和法向精度改善最为明显,分别提高了31.6%和32.0%;同时较大幅度地降低了轨道的系统性偏差,尤其是在径向和法向,分别平均降低了65.0%和54.7%。     

1961-2004年青藏高原夏季降水的时空分布

The summer day-by-day precipitation data of 97 meteorological stations on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau from 1961 to 2004 were selected to analyze the temporal-spatial distribution through accumulated variance,correlation analysis,regression analysis,empirical orthogonal function,power spectrum function and spatial analysis tools of GIS.The result showed that summer precipitation occupied a relatively high proportion in the area with less annual precipitation on the Plateau and the correlation between summer precipitation and annual precipitation was strong.The altitude of these stations and summer precipitation tendency presented stronger positive correlation below 2000 m,with correlation value up to 0.604（α=0.01）.The subtracting tendency values between 1961-1983 and 1984-2004 at five altitude ranges（2000-2500 m,2500-3000 m,3500-4000 m,4000-4500 m and above 4500 m）were above zero and accounted for 71.4%of the total.Using empirical orthogonal function, summer precipitation could be roughly divided into three precipitation pattern fields：the Southeast Plateau Pattern Field,the Northeast Plateau Pattern field and the Three Rivers＇ Headstream Regions Pattern Field.The former two ones had a reverse value from the north to the south and opposite line was along 35°N.The potential cycles of the three pattern fields were 5.33a,21.33a and 2.17a respectively,tested by the confidence probability of 90%.The station altitudes and summer precipitation potential cycles presented strong negative correlation in the stations above 4500 m,with correlation value of-0.626（α=0.01）.In Three Rivers Headstream Regions summer precipitation cycle decreased as the altitude rose in the stations above 3500 m and increased as the altitude rose in those below 3500 m.The empirical orthogonal function analysis in June precipitation,July precipitation and August precipitation showed that the June precipitation pattern field was similar to the July＇s,in which southern Plateau was positive and northern Plateau negative.But positive     

Swaying of trees in response to wind and thinning in a stand of Scots pine

Observations have been made of the windspeed, wind direction, and tree movement at the edge and 20 m within a stand of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) close to 11 m in height. The spectra of windspeed near canopy top, together with the output of accelerometers and video observations of tree movement at mid-crown, were compared in the same stand prior and two years after first thinning. Furthermore, the transfer of wind energy into tree movement was investigated by calculating the mechanical transfer function (H _m ² ) between the wind spectrum (S _uu) and the tree's response (S _yy), i.e. H _m ² = S_yy/S_uu. Trees were found to behave like damped harmonic oscillators. They reacted to sudden increases in windspeed, reached their greatest displacement during the first cycle, and then returned to their rest position under the influence of damping. The spectral peak frequencies in S _yy and in H _m ²coincided with the estimated natural sway frequency of trees. Response in the second mode was, however, also evident, especially within the unthinned stand. The periodogram plots showed a consistent trend of a marked decrease in the response of the tree to increase in frequency. Almost no difference in the wind energy transfer, i.e. peak frequencies and peak width, and damping of the system was found between Scot pine at 2700 and 1500 stems per hectare. However, along the stand edge tree movement was greater than within the stand indicating greater wind energy transfer and damping of the system along the stand edge than within the stand.     

山东地壳演化阶段中非金属矿床含矿建造

山东是我国非金属矿较多的省份，发育着多种非属周矿产．这些非金属矿产均产在一定的含矿建造中，而这些非金属矿含矿建造的形成和分布是存在着明显规律性的．第一，在鲁西地体、胶北地体和胶南地体的每个地体构造单元中．发育着各具特点的非金属矿含矿建造和非金属矿产，每一个地体均具有独特的非全属矿成矿专属性；第二，在山东地壳演化的陆核形成阶段、陆块发展阶段、陆缘发展阶段和滨太平洋发展阶段的每一个地质历史发展阶段中，形成了不同的非金属矿含矿建造，控制了山东各类非金属矿产的形成和时空分布，其为山东非金属矿产的四个大的成矿期。依据非金周矿合矿建造划分原则，据目前已有资料，在山东省内共划分出３５种非金周矿含矿建造。     

中国区域940nm带整层大气水汽透过率的参数化模式

用MODTRAN模拟计算了全国34个地点的逐月和全年平均大气模式在940 nm波段的水汽透过率,并拟合出每种大气模式水汽透过率与水汽量经验关系式中的参数a、b。结果表明,参数a、b值与模式的整层大气可降水量有较好的相关性,并建立了a-W、b-W的经验关系式,且该关系式与海拔高度H(地面气压p0)有关。最后分析了a、b值的变化对地基消光反演水汽量精度的影响。     

GLONASS接收机频间偏差在短基线GLONASS/BDS联合RTK中的修正方法

采用不同的接收机对进行GLONASS/BDS联合RTK定位时,为提高模糊度固定的成功率,需要对GLONASS观测量的频间偏差进行修正。分别就载波相位观测量和伪距观测量频间偏差的修正方法进行研究,并采用短基线数据对所提修正方法的可行性进行验证。结果表明,该方法能有效保证RTK解算结果的可靠性。     

整层大气甲烷总量季节变化的遥测

利用自行研制的一台用于探测大气成分的太阳红外光谱仪 ,在地面连续自动地记录了晴天的太阳红外光谱。用逐线积分法计算了整层大气的吸收 ,发现在 3.42 8μm波段主要是大气甲烷的吸收 ,从记录的该波段的太阳红外光谱中反演出整层大气中甲烷的总含量 ,经过近一年半的观测 ,得到了合肥地区大气甲烷垂直柱含量的季节变化规律。发现其变化规律与北半球背景对流层空气采样分析法测量的甲烷季节变化规律基本相同。文中详细介绍了测量仪器、测量原理和部分测量结果 ,并对结果进行了简单的讨论。     

Remote sensing of cirrus optical and microphysical properties from ground-based infrared radiometric Measurements-part I: a new retrieval method based on microwindow spectral signature

The surface radiance spectrum within the terrestrial infrared window (i.e., wavelengths between 8-12 /spl mu/m or wavenumbers between 833-1250 cm/sup -1/) is sensitive to the optical and microphysical properties of cirrus clouds. Numerous microwindows where atmospheric absorption is minimum exist in the spectral regions of 820-960 cm/sup -1/ and 1100-1240 cm/sup -1/. The minimum radiances at the microwindows in these two spectral regions can be fitted by using two linear lines. The slope of the fitting line for the spectral region of 820-960 cm/sup -1/ is sensitive to the effective size of ice crystals within cirrus clouds, whereas the intercept of the fitting line for the spectral region of 1100-1240 cm/sup -1/ is sensitive to the optical thickness of the clouds. Based on this spectral feature, a new retrieval method has been developed for simultaneously retrieving cirrus optical thickness and the effective particle size of ice crystals. Furthermore, the ice water path of cirrus clouds can be estimated from the retrieved values of cloud optical thickness and effective particle size.     

北斗卫星多天轨道合成方法及其精度分析

目前,北斗卫星多天解轨道主要是通过常规的数据累积解算获得,处理效率较低。此外,由于开通运行不久,北斗卫星力学模型尚未完善,限制了多天解轨道精度的进一步提高。针对以上问题,本文提出了附加伪随机脉冲的北斗卫星多天轨道合成方法,利用法方程叠加实现北斗卫星多天轨道合成,可有效提高轨道解算效率。同时,利用伪随机脉冲对力学模型的补偿作用,进一步提高了多天轨道合成的精度水平。实测数据分析表明:在多天轨道合成中,单天边界附加伪随机脉冲对北斗卫星轨道精度有明显改进作用。其中,3类卫星切向、法向轨道精度的改善程度大于径向,GEO和IGSO卫星轨道精度的提高幅度大于MEO卫星。一定范围内,随着定轨弧段的增长,北斗卫星定轨精度能够得到不同程度的改善,且主要表现在轨道切向。