Modeling transient and long-term postseis-mic deformation: A case study of 1995 M_w9.5 Chile earthquake

In this paper, we firstly use finite element method (FEM) with Burgers model to simulate the postseismic viscoe-lastic relaxation taking 1960 Chile earthquake as an example. The postseismic deformation modeled with Burgers model includes co-seismic deformation, transient postseismic deformation and long-term postseismic deformation. So if we apply Burgers model to calculate postseismic deformation of 1960 Chile earthquake, there is no discrep-ancy phenomenon due to different durations of postseismic deforma...     

A Preliminary Research on Skarns of Magmatic Origin

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Summertime Surface N_2O Concentration Observed on Fildes Peninsula Antarctica:Correlation with Total Atmospheric O_3 and Solar Activity

Three-year summertime surface atmospheric N2O concentrations were observed for the first time on the Fildes Peninsula, maritime Antarctica, and the relationships among the N2O concentration, total atmospheric O3 amount, and sunspot number were analyzed. Solar activity had an important effect on surface N2O concentration and total O3 amount, and increases of sunspot number were followed by decreases in the N2O concentration and total O3 amount. A corresponding relationship exists between the N2O concentration and total atmospheric O3, and ozone destruction was preceded by N2O reduction. We propose that the extended solar activity in the Antarctic summer reduces the stratospheric N2O by converting it into NOx, increases the diffusion of N2O from the troposphere to the stratosphere, decreases the surface atmospheric N2O, and depletes O3 via the chemical reaction between O3 and NOx. Our observation results are consistent with the theory of solar activity regarding the formation of the Antarctic O3 hole.     

藏北羌塘盆地西部查桑地区结构及构造特征

通过对近年新获得的航磁、重力、大地电磁测深和地质等资料的综合研究揭示,羌塘西部隆起查桑段具有明显的南北分带、东西分块和垂向分层的结构、构造特征。该区总体由两(东部)、三(西部)个东西向展布的大型南倾构造块体推覆叠置而成,其间又被数条近南北向断裂分割为若干个断块。各块带出露地层时代、结构构造和地球物理场特征有较大差别。在查桑段及邻区,地壳中上部有两个低阻层,所在的深度分别为15±5km和约40km之下。壳内上部低阻层主要分布在查桑段及其以南,为各块体总体向北运动和逆掩叠覆之底部主拆离推覆面,该区各南倾大断裂均向下收敛并交会到该层。下部低阻层的展布超出了查桑段,向北已达北羌塘坳陷,其影响的范围可能更为广阔。此南北分带、多块叠置的结构和复杂多变的地球物理场特征,仅孤零零地出现在双湖—绒马之间,不具区域意义。其形成与该区东、西两侧中生代始存在的近南北向转换断层和晚古生代可能曾发育有裂谷之背景密切相关。该区段挤压变形和叠覆隆升,始于早白垩世羌塘盆地反转期;始新世以来,印度板块碰撞遂继续向北推挤,又得到进一步的发展、加强及改造。     

郯庐断裂带早白垩世走滑运动中的构造、岩浆、沉积事件

郯庐断裂带内一系列走滑糜棱岩类的^40Ar/^39Ar测年表明，郯庐断裂早白垩世发生了左旋走滑运动。这一大规模的走滑运动，造成了两类走滑构造，一类为变质岩中低绿片岩相左旋韧性剪切带，另一类为中生代火成岩、沉积岩中的脆性、脆-韧性左行平移断层。这反映断裂带的走滑运动从早白垩世初期持续到早白垩世后期。断裂带的走滑运动诱发大规模的、以富钾、中酸性为主的岩浆活动。地球化学分析显示，这些岩浆岩既有壳源的信息，也有幔源的贡献，反映是断裂减压、壳-幔相互作用下形成的岩浆活动，也暗示断裂带在走滑期切入壳-幔边界。该断裂带走滑运动中，除了在莱阳盆地形成了拉分盆地外，还在合肥盆地东部造成了走滑挠曲盆地，控制下白垩统朱巷组的沉积，郯庐断裂带早白垩世走滑运动中的构造、岩浆、沉积事件，是西太平洋伊泽纳崎板块高速斜向俯冲的结果，属于滨太平洋构造。     

火山岩吸附CO_2气的成藏潜力及实例分析

火山岩的脱气实验和对昌德东CO2气藏气源的分析结果表明:加热火山岩到250℃时,脱出挥发分总量为0.0299～0.0790mL/g,其中CO2脱出量为0.0218～0.0706mL/g(0.429～1.387wt%);挥发组分以CO2为主,还含有H2、CO、CH4等还原性气体,以及少量低碳烷烃,CO2含量和总烃呈现反比关系;基性岩的CO2脱出量、脱出率高于中、酸性岩;CO2脱出量与岩石碱质含量正相关。松辽盆地北部昌德东CO2气藏成藏模式为“自生自储”,成藏CO2气主要来自深部被火山岩吸附的气。随岩浆上升,在岩浆冷凝成火山岩的过程中被吸附于火山岩的节理、劈理和晶体位错之中的CO2气,连同火山岩包体中的残留气,成为高纯CO2气藏的主要补给源,并非地幔气体沿大断裂上来直接充注成藏。     

大别山北部榴辉岩的退变质特征及其地质意义

研究了大别山北部榴辉岩的变质岩岩石学。结果表明，该区榴辉岩相变质作用可分为早期(超高压)和晚期(高压)两个阶段，并在折返过程中形成了一系列特征性的退变质显微构造。其中，退变质结构主要包括：(1)由于压力降低而出溶形成的一些定向针状或叶片状矿物包裹体，如钠质单斜辉石中石英及石榴子石中的金红石、单斜辉石和磷灰石等；(2)冠状体或后成合晶，特别是石榴子石外围发育两期(“双层”)后成合晶；(3)反应边或退变边，如绿辉石的透辉石退变边、透辉石的角闪石退变边和金红石的钛铁矿退变边等。这些退变质结构为本区榴辉岩高级变质岩的快速折返过程和抬升历史提供了强有力的岩石学依据；石榴子石中针状矿物出溶体进一步证明研究区榴辉岩早期经历了超高压变质作用，峰期变质压力应大干4．0GPa，甚至可能达到5～7GPa或更高。     

SHRIMP U-Pb Zircon Age of the Ka''erjiao Intrusion in the Sawur Region in West Junggar,Xinjiang

Acid intrusions are widespread in the Sawur region, Xinjiang. The Ka'erjiao intrusion is mainly composed of albite granite porphyry, K-feldspar granite porphyry, ivernite and granite porphyry. Being a transitional product between magma intrusion and eruption in the Sawur region, the Ka'erjiao intrusion was formed at the telophase of the late Carboniferous to the begining of early Permian as determined by the SHRIMP U-Pb zircon dating, with an age of 302.6±7.6 Ma (1σ). The intrusion consists of alkali-enriched rock, whose REE distribution patterns are of the LREE enrichment type, theδEu value is low and Nd, Sr, Pb isotopes reflect its mantle source characteristics. Theδ18O value of intrusion is low as a result of isotope exchange with meteoric water. The geochemical characteristics show that it was formed in a post-collisional tectonic setting. Taking combined considerations of current studies of A-type granites and Permian volcanic rocks, we think that in the telophase of the late Carboniferous to the beginning of the early Permian, the Sawur region was within the extension or compressional to extensional period of a post-collisional stage. The Ka'erjiao intrusion from mantle sources can confirm the vertical continental crust growth in the late Paleozoic. The Sawur region in west Junggar is consistent with east Junggar in post-collisional tectonic evolution process.     

铊的环境地球化学研究进展及铊污染的防治对策

铊是分散元素,具剧毒性,对环境危害严重。本文就国内外近年来对铊的生态危害、铊在环境介质如岩(矿)石、土壤、水体和动植物中的分布和迁移等方面的研究进展和存在的主要问题进行了综述,初步提出了防治铊污染的相关对策。     

郯庐断裂带南段并无巨大平移—来自安徽境内的证据

本文根据新近1：5万地质填图和构造调查所获资料，依据郯庐断裂带两侧标志地质体（西冷岩组火山岩，宿松岩群和肥东岩群中磷矿层，大别岩群和阚集岩群）的构造型式和错位情况，拉伸线理的性质和动向，以及郯庐断裂带两侧的次级断裂带特征等，都不能判定郯庐断裂带存在巨大左行平移，故认为大别－苏鲁造山带呈弧形展布，基本代表了原始构造方位，郯庐断裂带是多期构造变动形成的负向构造带，综合造就的一种假位错效应。