Carboniferous Post-collisional Rift Volcanism of the Tianshan Mountains, Northwestern China

The Tianshan Carboniferous post-collisional rift volcanic rocks occur in northwestern China as a large igneous province. Based on petrogeochemical data, the Tianshan Carboniferous post-collisional rift basic lavas can be classified into two major magma types: (1) the low-Ti/Y type situated in the eastern-central Tianshan area, which exhibits low Ti/Y (<500), Ce/Yb (<15) and SiO2 (43-55%), and relatively high Fe2O3T (6.4-11.5%); (2) the high-Ti/Y type situated in the western Tianshan area, which has high Ti/Y (>500), Ce/Yb (>11) and SiO2 (49-55%), and relatively low Fe2O3T (5.8-7.8%). Elemental data suggest that chemical variations of the low-Ti/Y and high-Ti/Y lavas cannot be explained by fractional crystallization from a common parental magma. The Tianshan Carboniferous basic lavas originated most likely from an OIB-like asthenospheric mantle source (87Sr/86Sr(t) ≈ 0.703-0.705, εNd(t) ≈ +4 to +7). The crustal contamination and continental lithospheric mantle have also contributed significantly to the formation of the basic lavas of the Tianshan Carboniferous post-collisional rift. The silicic lavas were probably generated by partial melting of the crust. The data of this study show that spatial petrogeochemical variations exist in the Carboniferous post-collisional rift volcanics province in the Tianshan region. Occurrence of the thickest volcanics dominated by tholeiitic lavas may imply that the center of the mantle-melting anomaly (mantle plume) was in the eastern Tianshan area at that time. The basic volcanic magmas in the eastern Tianshan area were generated by a relatively high degree of partial melting of the mantle source around the spinel-garnet transition zone, whereas the alkaline basaltic lavas are of the dominant magma type in the western Tianshan area, which were generated by a low degree of partial melting of the mantle source within the stable garnet region, thus the basic lavas of the western Tianshan area might have resulted from relatively thick lithosphere and low geothermal gradient.     

成矿带1∶20万水系沉积物地球化学分区的方法及地质意义:以西藏冈底斯铜多金属成矿带为例

以冈底斯铜多金属成矿带为例,阐述了利用1∶20万和1∶50万水系沉积物地球化学测量开展成矿区带地球化学分区的方法和思路,进一步对其地质意义进行了探讨。结果表明:小比例尺的水系沉积物地球化学数据具有地球化学分区示踪意义。总结出一套操作性强的地球化学分区方法,其方法具有指示找矿方向的实际意义,对区域构造单元划分具参考价值。地球化学分区为该区的找矿方向、成矿远景评价及基础地质调查奠定了基础。     

华北克拉通大青山-集宁地区古元古代变质沉积岩的锆石氧同位素组成:SHRIMP微区原位分析

在已获得锆石U-Pb年龄基础上,我们首次对孔兹岩带典型出露区大青山和集宁土贵乌拉地区古元古代变质沉积岩进行了锆石SHRIMP氧同位素研究。锆石具有复杂的内部结构和年龄分布。大青山地区古元古代早期变质沉积岩4个样品碎屑锆石的δ18O为5.52‰~7.11‰,部分重结晶锆石的δ18O为7.22‰~7.90‰,变质新生锆石的δ18O为6.37‰~8.31‰。大青山地区古元古代晚期变质沉积岩2个样品的锆石O同位素组成特征与古元古代早期的类似,另外2个样品的锆石O同位素组成与之不同,碎屑锆石、部分重结晶锆石和变质新生锆石的δ18O分别为6.26‰~10.80‰、9.00‰~11.20‰和9.66‰~11.90‰。集宁土贵乌拉地区古元古代晚期超高温变质沉积岩4个样品不存在碎屑锆石,变质锆石的δ18O变化范围为11.41‰~13.57‰。主要认识如下:1)大青山地区碎屑沉积物主要来自新太古代晚期-古元古代早期成熟度不高的TTG花岗质岩石物源区,与之相比,集宁土贵乌拉地区古元古代晚期超高温岩石的变质原岩成熟度更高;2)不同类型变质沉积岩变质新生锆石的δ18O和变质新生锆石与碎屑锆石的Δ18O存在明显区别,主要反映了岩石体系和变质流体的O同位素组成不同;3)大青山地区高角闪岩相-麻粒岩相变质沉积岩,重结晶锆石的O同位素完全重置,但U-Th-Pb体系未完全重置,集宁土贵乌拉地区超高温变质沉积岩的重结晶锆石O和U-Th-Pb同位素体系都完全重置。变质作用强度不同是主要原因。     

On the Morphological Complexity of the Graptolite Tubaria in the Darriwilian(Middle Ordovician)

正1 Introduction As one of the major zooplanktonic organisms in the Ordovician and Silurian marine ecosystems,graptolites played a unique role in the GOBE (Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event) and underwent a considerable variation of diversities both in lifestyle and in speciation through the Ordovician (Sadler et al.,2011;Cooper et al.,2014).Graptolites are among the early     

高压相变晶体化学:Ⅰ.高压下SiO_2物相氧硅离子的半径变化和迁移行为

高压下随着压力增加,氧化物及硅酸盐矿物中的阳离子会发生从配位数低的多面体向配位数高的多面体迁移的现象,这种迁移是由于阴阳离子半径的比值发生改变引起的。对SiO2在高压下形成的各种多形的氧和硅的离子半径进行计算,发现氧离子半径是随压力增加及相变的发生而逐渐缩小,但硅离子半径随压力增加及相变的发生而有明显的增大。这种现象可能是在高压下离子化合物逐渐向金属相化合物转变引起的。     

黏土岩温度-渗流-应力耦合特性试验与本构模型研究进展

高放废物处置库、垃圾填埋场等工程中常常涉及到温度场（T）、渗流场（H）和应力场（M）的耦合作用的问题。从试验和理论模型两个角度综述国内外黏土岩温度-渗流-应力耦合特性的研究进展,主要包括其传热特性、温度影响下的渗流特性、变形、强度、蠕变特性。在此基础上,重点分析了黏土岩水-热迁移模型以及热-力耦合本构模型的适应性。基于上述认识,通过试验研究了比利时Boom clay在温度作用下的强度、渗透性、蠕变性等特征。结果表明：随着温度升高,Boom clay的强度有所降低,渗透性显著增强,蠕变速率明显加快。提出了适用于Boom clay的THM耦合弹塑性损伤模型,计算结果验证了模型能合理反映温度的影响。最后,探讨了黏土岩THM耦合机理研究的不足和今后的研究方向。     

西南山区某铁路隧道口高位落石三维运动特征分析

西南山区某铁路隧道口上部广泛分布着高位危岩体,对下部隧道建(构)造物具有严重的威胁.采用Rockfall Analyst软件对该隧道上部五类不同尺寸的高位危岩体进行三维运动轨迹数值模拟,研究表明:研究区的高位危岩落石具有弹跳高度大、速度快、冲击能量高的特点;弹跳高度、运动速度与危岩落石的质量无关,冲击能量大小与落石质量...     

负温条件下激光位移传感器的标定

在使用激光位移传感器测试冻土位移中,由于测试现场环境条件恶劣,厂家给出的传感器线性度会降低,因此,需要对所有传感器在使用前应模拟使用时的环境条件重新进行标定。为验证激光位移传感器在冻土测试中的适用性,依据德国森萨帕特FT-50RLA220型激光位移传感器的结构、使用特点、技术指标,设计了由控温箱、标定支架、激光位移传感器、量块及数据采集装置组成的标定的装置,进行了不同负温条件下对激光位移传感器标定,并依据标定试验结果进行拟合参数修正,得到不同环境温度下的试验结果的线性度和迟滞特性。试验结果表明：不同的环境温度下,两个激光位移传感器与标准厂家测试曲线存在差异,不同负温条件下标定的两个激光位移传感器的拟合优度R²分别为0.999和1;线性度最大值分别为0.88%FS和0.32%FS。     

夏季不同天气背景和灌溉条件下绿洲地表辐射和能量平衡特征

利用2005年"绿洲系统能量和水分循环过程"野外观测实验(JTEX)资料,分析了夏季不同天气背景下的金塔绿洲小气候特征、辐射和能量平衡特征的日变化规律.结果表明:不同天气和土壤湿度背景下的辐射和能量平衡特征有较大差异.观测中发现有较大的能量不平衡差额,晴天时的能量亏损大于阴天的.     

河西内陆河流域水资源及其动态变化

The Qilian Mountains is the cradle of all inland rivers in the Hexi arid region. The mountain glaciers are an important water resources for this region. Changes of the mountain runoffs resulted from global climate warming will have important impacts on the development of human society and economy in the region. In this paper, the river runoffs from the Qilian Mountains and their dynamic changes are analyzed on the basis of the instrumental data of precipitation, air temperature, and discharge from the weather and hydrological stations in the study area. The results show that the annual change in the mountain runoffs is affected mainly by precipitation in the east of the region, but also by temeprature in the west of the region. There are some obvious regional differences in the influence of climatic change on surface runoffs in the Hexi region. River runoffs in the western part of the Hexi region have been increasing, whereas those in the eastern part have been decreasing. River runoffs in the central part such as the Heihe River, present a slow increasing trend, although it is not quite visible