北运河水系底栖动物群落结构与水环境质量评价

为全面了解北运河水系的底栖动物群落结构和水环境质量,于2015年5月对北运河水系33个样点的底栖动物和水体理化性质进行了调查,分别采用综合水质标识指数法和底栖动物BI指数法对北运河水系进行水质评价,并通过Kolmogorov-Smirnov检验判断正态性,用Pearson相关分析方法对两种评价结果进行比较和分析.结果表明:北运河水系共采集到底栖动物23种,隶属于3门4纲6目11科11属,以水生昆虫和软体动物为主,整个水系底栖动物群落结构单一;底栖动物BI指数法的评价结果显示,72%的采样点水质为中污染(Ⅳ)或重污染(Ⅴ);综合水质标识指数法的评价结果显示,超过57%的采样点水质为Ⅳ类及以下;根据K-S检验,两组评价得分均符合正态分布;Pearson相关分析显示两种评价结果呈显著正相关.两种评价结果总体上呈现出相同的趋势,均显示北运河水系整体水质状况较差,干流水质状况优于支流,上游水质状况优于下游,温榆河上游、坝河下游、通惠河上游和凉水河的水质状况较差,温榆河源头和坝河上游的水质状况较好.两种评价结果在个别点位存在一定差异,具体表现为基于水体理化因子的评价结果稍优于水质生物评价结果,造成这种差异的原因是两种评价方法在时空尺度上存在差异.针对城市化水平较高、人类活动干扰较强的北运河水系,同时采用这两种评价方法有助于全面了解其复杂的水环境质量.     

内蒙古撰山子金矿床流体包裹体特征与矿床成因

撰山子金矿床位于内蒙古台隆东段北缘华北克拉通与兴蒙造山带的结合部位.矿体赋存于下二叠统于家北沟组灰岩、中二叠世流纹岩和中三叠世花岗斑岩中,被晚三叠世闪长岩所截切.本文在查明矿床地质特征的基础上,对各成矿阶段热液矿物中的流体包裹体开展研究,查明了矿床成矿流体性质、演化特征及其与金成矿的关系.成矿阶段按从早到晚的顺序可分为...     

南疆沙漠腹地大气边界层气象要素廓线分析

利用塔中80m观测塔梯度系统采集的2006年8月、10月和2007年1月、4月的风、温度、湿度资料,结合气象站的同步气象资料,对南疆沙漠腹地近地层四季的晴天平均风速、温度、湿度廓线分布特征进行分析。结果表明,晴天平均风速白天随高度升高增加缓慢,夜间较快,低层风速白天比夜间大,高层则白天比夜间小,春夏季风速较大;四季平均温度廓线表现为夜间辐射型、早上过渡型、白天日射型和傍晚过渡型等四种类型,早、晚过渡时间四季各有不同,日最低、最高温度出现时间四季则相差不大;冬季夜间比湿随高度升高而增大,整个80m近地层表现为逆湿状态,其他季节逆湿一般出现在0．5—1m、1～2m、32—47m、63—80m等4个层次上,各逆湿层出现的时间各季节有所差异。     

Impact factors on distribution and characteristics of natural plant community in reclamation zones of Changjiang River estuary

To identify impact factors on the distribution and characters of natural plants community in reclamation area, with survey data from 67 plant quadrats in July 2009, soil properties data from 216 sampling points in April 2009, and TM (30 m) data in 2006, the composition and characteristics of natural plants community in different time of the Fengxian area in the Changjiang (Yangtze) River estuary were analyzed with two-way indicator species analysis (TWINSPAN), multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA), detrended canonical correspondence analysis (DCCA) and canonical correspondence analysis (CCA). The results show that: 1) The plant communities in the reclaimed area are mainly mesophytes and helophytic-mesophytic transitional communities, showing a gradient distribution trend with the change in reclamation years. Species richness (MA), species diversity (H) and above-ground biomass also increase with the increase of reclamation years. Nevertheless, they appear to decline slightly in the middle and late reclamation period (> 30 years). 2) With the rise in land use levels, the changes in species richness and species diversity tend to increase at first and then decrease; species dominance (D), however, tends to decline; and above-ground biomass increases slightly. 3) The distribution of the plant community is mainly influenced by the following factors: land use levels (R = 0.55, p < 0.05), soil moisture (R = 0.53, p < 0.05), soil salinity (R = 0.43, p < 0.05) and reclamation time (R = 0.40, p < 0.05).     

基于CEEMDAN的GNSS变形监测去噪方法

为了提高GNSS变形监测数据去噪的有效性和可靠性,提出一种自适应完备集合经验模态分解(complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise, CEEMDAN)去噪方法。首先将GNSS变形序列经CEEMDAN分解为若干特征模态函数;其次引入排列熵理论确定高低频分界值K,利用小波分析对高频分量进行去噪,去噪后与低频分量重构得到去噪序列;最后通过仿真和实测边坡GNSS变形监测数据,利用信噪比、均方根误差、相关系数等指标对比分析CEEMDAN、EMD和小波去噪方法。结果表明,CEEMDAN方法的去噪效果和精度优于EMD和小波去噪方法,证明了本文所提方法的有效性和可靠性。     

Seasonal variation of airborne fungi of the Tiantishan Grottoes and Western Xia Museum,Wuwei, China

In this study, a systematic survey of cultural airborne fungi was carried out in the occurrence environments of wall paintings that are preserved in the Tiantishan Grottoes and the Western Xia Museum, China. A bio-aerosol sampler was used for sampling in four seasons in 2016. Culture-dependent and -independent methods were taken to acquire airborne fungal concentration and purified strains; by the extraction of genomic DNA, amplification of fungal ITS rRNA gene region, sequencing, and phylogenetic analysis, thereafter the fungal community composition and distribution characteristics of different study sites were clarified. We disclosure the main environmental factors which may be responsible for dynamic changes of airborne fungi at the sampling sites. The concentration of cultural airborne fungi was in a range from 13 to 1,576 CFU/m³, no significant difference between the two sites at the Tiantishan Grottoes, with obvious characteristics of seasonal variation, in winter and spring were higher than in summer and autumn. Also, there was a significant difference in fungal concentration between the inside and outside of the Western Xia Museum, the outside of the museum was far more than the inside of the museum in the four seasons, particularly in the winter. Eight fungal genera were detected, including Cladosporium, Penicillium, Alternaria, and Filobasidium as the dominant groups. The airborne fungal community structures of the Tiantishan Grottoes show a distinct characteristic of seasonal variation and spatial distribution. Relative humidity, temperature and seasonal rainfall influence airborne fungal distribution. Some of the isolated strains have the potential to cause biodeterioration of ancient wall paintings. This study provides supporting information for the pre-warning conservation of cultural relics that are preserved at local sites and inside museums.     

现代黄河三角洲YRD-1401孔MIS 5以来沉积层序及其古环境意义

近年来渤海地区晚更新世以来沉积环境演化和地层划分存在争议。本文对现代黄河三角洲东南海岸带YRD-1401孔岩芯（长81.00 m）沉积物进行综合研究,旨在建立该孔晚更新世以来地层的沉积相序列和时间标尺,为解决地层划分争议提供新的证据。根据AMS ¹⁴C和光释光测年结果,并考虑到YRD-1401孔底部地层光释光年代的不精确性,本文主要研究YRD-1401孔MIS 5以来的沉积演化史。综合分析YRD-1401孔沉积地层的岩性特征和底栖有孔虫组合变化,结合测年结果,该孔可划分为6个沉积单元（从下往上DU 6~DU 1）：最底部的DU 6（51.35~81.00 m）为受潮流影响的河流沉积（其形成时间有待进一步研究）,DU 5（37.64~51.35 m）为MIS 5潮坪-近岸浅海沉积,DU 4（30.71~37.64 m）为MIS 3早期的潮坪沉积,DU 3（23.50~30.71 m）为MIS 3晚期至全新世早期形成的河流沉积,DU 2（14.22~23.50 m）为全新世早期（约10 cal.ka B.P.）至1855年形成的滨岸沼泽-滨岸浅水-近岸浅海~前三角洲沉积-海洋改造层,DU 1（0~14.22 m）为1855年以来发育的现代黄河三角洲沉积。晚更新世以来该孔有3个海相层（自下而上分别是DU 5、DU 4和DU 2）,分别形成于MIS 5、MIS 3早期和全新世,表明晚更新世以来全球海平面变化是其主要控制因素。研究区MIS 4的沉积地层出现缺失。渤海沿岸地区多个钻孔地层的对比表明,区域性的差异构造沉降、沉积物供给和地层完整性等因素也是影响研究区晚更新世以来沉积地层发育的重要因素。

     

TBM机施工隧道瞬变电磁超前探测研究

在隧道掘进机(TBM)施工隧道内,传统瞬变电磁的装置形式受到了TBM机械的限制,TBM自身的金属构件对二次场衰减电压的采集产生了强烈的电磁干扰.为了克服瞬变电磁法在TBM施工隧道内遇到的困难,在前人工作的基础上,尝试提出了一种基于电性源激发、电场分量采集的施工隧道瞬变电磁超前探测装置形式.针对钻爆法与TBM施工隧道各自不同的工况,利用三维时域有限差分法对单个电性源激励下隧道前方瞬变电磁场的分布规律与响应特征进行了正演模拟.通过对瞬变电磁场的分布规律以及响应特征进行分析,认为所述的电性源发射装置不仅可以在钻爆法施工隧道内使用,并且具有在TBM施工隧道内进行隧道超前预报的能力.     

利用接收函数散射核方法探测中国东北地区地幔转换带界面三维形态

地幔转换带是上下地幔物质运移和能量交换的必经通道,其速度结构和上下界面的起伏能够为认识地幔内部的温度和物质变化、地幔对流模式等地球演化相关的科学问题提供关键约束.本文利用布设在中国东北地区的高密度固定台网和流动台阵所记录的远震体波接收函数,采用Ps散射核叠前深度偏移成像方法,获得了台站下方地幔转换带界面及其内部速度间断面的三维精细图像.研究结果表明：西北太平洋俯冲板片上下界面在地幔转换带内清晰可见,在高纬度（44°N）区域存在约30°的倾角;660-km间断面的深度起伏具有明显的分区性,在与俯冲板片相交处以西200~300 km,界面出现约20~40 km的下沉,而长白山和龙岗火山的西北区域存在约5~15 km的抬升,分别与板片滞留引起的低温异常和局部热物质上涌相对应;410-km间断面的起伏形态较复杂,在大部分区域观测到大于10 km的下沉,且表现出明显的区域性横向变化,与深俯冲动力学背景下冷的温度异常造成的影响不一致.我们认为板片俯冲、停滞和海沟后撤过程中引起的地幔转换带物质异常、含水状态及分布的变化是显著改变410-km间断面形态的主要原因.本文获得的高精度地幔转换带界面三维形态为更好地认识东北亚地区俯冲板片在地幔物质分布和能量交换中的作用提供了重要参考.

     

镇安场变形体特征及稳定性评价

镇安场变形体位于长江左岸的重庆市涪陵区镇安场,是我国地质灾害多发地之一,主要表现为崩塌、滑坡、泥石流等地质灾害.该变形体变形的主要影响因素除地形地貌、地层岩性、物质结构外,还有瀑雨、洪水、地震、植被破坏等外在因素.通过野外勘查,运用探槽、浅井、钻探等工程控制,已查明该变形体已发生过局部变形,尚未形成大范围的变形和滑移,处于潜在滑移变形阶段.在三峡库区水位上升后,特别是在水库水位降低和地震作用下,变形体可能失稳而向下滑动.通过对变形体的稳定性的评价,认为该区沿库岸应采用以支挡工程为主、排水为辅的防治方案.