平面约束条件在LIDAR点云滤波中的应用

介绍了一种利用平面约束条件对LIDAR点云数据进行滤波的方法,利用每个数据点的邻域点拟合平面,根据平面约束条件和平面点分类方法得到地面点,最后利用地面点内插该区域的DTM.     

基于GPS的短基线定向测量及精度分析

介绍了利用GPS载波相位测量技术进行短基线定向的基本方法,推导了估计GPS短基线定向的精度公式,得到了对于边长400～700 m的基线可以达到±(1"～2")的方位精度.     

高放废物处置库天然类比及其有关的地球化学问题

介绍了高放废物处置库天然类比研究的主要内容,重点阐述了类比研究中涉及的地球化学问题,包括核素溶解度和化学形态研究、核素迁移速率研究、核素迁移影响因素研究,并总结相关问题研究取得的成果和认识.     

Fractal-like adsorption kinetics of Pb^2＋ in rocks

The adsorption kinetics of Pb^2＋ in rocks has been studied using ion selective electrodes and atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The results showed that the adsorption process is a fractal-like reaction. The adsorption rate was relatively high before 30 minutes, and then dropped. The saturated adsorption capacity （a） of Pb^2＋ and kinetic parameters （b, a, D and k） increased with increasing initial concentrations of Pb^2＋. These parameters （except a） decreased while Na^＋ was present in the solution. Furthermore, the smaller the rocks were in grain size, the bigger these kinetic parameters would be, though the parameter a was almost constant.     

Regional yield estimation for winter wheat with MODIS-NDVI data in Shandong, China

The significance of crop yield estimation is well known in agricultural management and policy development at regional and national levels. The primary objective of this study was to test the suitability of the method, depending on predicted crop production, to estimate crop yield with a MODIS-NDVI-based model on a regional scale. In this paper, MODIS-NDVI data, with a 250 m resolution, was used to estimate the winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yield in one of the main winter-wheat-growing regions. Our study region is located in Jining, Shandong Province. In order to improve the quality of remote sensing data and the accuracy of yield prediction, especially to eliminate the cloud-contaminated data and abnormal data in the MODIS-NDVI series, the Savitzky–Golay filter was applied to smooth the 10-day NDVI data. The spatial accumulation of NDVI at the county level was used to test its relationship with winter wheat production in the study area. A linear regressive relationship between the spatial accumulation of NDVI and the production of winter wheat was established using a stepwise regression method. The average yield was derived from predicted production divided by the growing acreage of winter wheat on a county level. Finally, the results were validated by the ground survey data, and the errors were compared with the errors of agro-climate models. The results showed that the relative errors of the predicted yield using MODIS-NDVI are between −4.62% and 5.40% and that whole RMSE was 214.16 kg ha⁻¹ lower than the RMSE (233.35 kg ha⁻¹) of agro-climate models in this study region. A good predicted yield data of winter wheat could be got about 40 days ahead of harvest time, i.e. at the booting-heading stage of winter wheat. The method suggested in this paper was good for predicting regional winter wheat production and yield estimation.     

潜水面对储层压力的作用机制

潜水面与地表不一致会使储层压力产生异常,给煤层气勘探开发造成影响。从异常压力的成因机理入手,应用理论分析与实例解剖相结合的方法,通过不同系统中潜水面对储层压力的作用机制研究,分析了开放系统中区域潜水面变化所引起的储层压力变化规律,反映了盆地水动力场作用下的储层压力系统的动态演化过程,指出潜水面变化是储层异常压力形成的重要机制。     

GPS应用于高空施工机械安全监控

结合小湾水电站建设施工情况,利用实地采集的GPS定位数据,探讨使用GPS实时动态定位技术构建高空施工机械安全监控系统的实现原理和可行性,同时介绍构成系统的各个模块及其功能,给出有效地实施高空施工机械安全运行监控的实用方法。     

经验模式分解的尺度阈值滤波在变形分析中的应用

本文将信号处理领域的经验模式分解算法应用于变形信息的提取中,通过引入阈值函数,建立了基于经验模式分解的尺度阈值滤波模型,采用优化模型确定了经验模式分解的次数。分别通过模拟试验和实测数据与小波阈值法和多项式拟合法进行了比对,分析表明:在低噪声情况下,三种方法都有一定的滤波效果;在高噪声情况下,经验模式分解的尺度阈值滤波法具有与小波阈值去噪法相等的精度,而且瞬时强噪声识别能力更好,优于多项式拟合法。     

岩石中的渗透率、流体流动及热液成矿作用

热液成因的固体金属矿床形成过程中都曾拥有一段流动的历史。成矿物质以溶液的形式从矿源地穿过孔隙或断裂达到了现在的栖身之所,在此过程中流体通过的路径决定了它们的走向,而溶液本身也改变了路径的特征。因此,对于此类矿床的研究不能仅仅囿于眼之所见,而应将古流体流动的观念融入其中,并考察它们的跋涉之路。文中总结了近年来国内外在岩石孔隙、断裂介质及与其相关渗透率对热液成矿作用的控制等领域的研究成果和最新进展,对岩石渗透率、渗透率的影响因素、岩石中流体流动的特征等问题进行了阐述,讨论了渗透率对于热液成矿作用深度、成矿规模、矿质沉淀机制等方面的重要影响,藉此在固体金属矿床研究中强化流"体运动"的观念,并促进构造地质学和成矿作用地球化学间一个新研究方向的发展。     

汶川特大地震后成都盆地内隐伏断层活动性分析

成都盆地内主要有3条隐伏的活动断裂带,包括大邑断裂带、蒲江-新津断裂带和龙泉山断裂带,它们在第四纪都表现出了一定的活动性."512"汶川特大地震后,笔者实地考察的结果表明,在汶川特大地震中成都盆地中的隐伏断裂没有产生新的活动性,目前成都盆地不存在发生特大地震的危险性,是安全的.