大兴安岭中南段莲花山铜银矿床硫、铅同位素组成特征及成矿物质来源

莲花山铜银矿床是位于大兴安岭中南段东坡的热液脉型铜银矿床.为了进一步探讨该矿床的成矿物质来源,本文对矿石硫、铅同位素进行了分析测试.研究结果表明:矿区金属硫化物的硫同位素组成变化范围较小,δ34SV-CDT值主要介于0.0‰~3.0‰之间,塔式分布特点明显可见,指示该矿床成矿流体中硫的来源主要为深部岩浆;铅同位素组成在构造模式图中,样品投影点主要落于地幔演化线和造山带演化线之间,说明矿石铅主要来自于壳幔物质的混合.     

兰州雨量谱的气候变化与极端化趋势

利用兰州站1951-2005年逐日降水观测资料,进行雨量划分级别,分析了55 a来兰州分级降水雨量谱和极端降水的气候变化和发展趋势.研究表明:兰州年降水量逐年波动下降,长期变化趋势为每10 a下降9.0 mm,近20 a达到每10 a下降22.6 mm;年降水日数的长期变化趋势为每10 a下降3.6 d,近20 a为每10 a下降3.7 d.主要是由于小、中雨级的降水减少明显造成.兰州近20 a大雨以上级别的极端降水量增多,变化趋势为每10 a增加9.9 mm,年降水日数的变化趋势为每10 a增加0.4d.兰州年降水强度的长期变化趋势为每10 a上升0.1 mm·d1,其中小雨、中雨级别的贡献并不明显,主要的增加贡献是由大雨以上级别的降水强度增加所导敢的.极端降水的强度在近20 a的变化趋势为每10 a增加5.7 mm·d-1.兰州近20 a的年降水量中极端降水量占的比例由15.9%上升至1 6.2%;极端降水日数增加,其比例从1.8%上升至2.0%,在2000年极端降水所占的比例更是达到雨量的25.4%和雨日的4.0%水半,呈现出向极端降水增强的发展趋势.     

开发区土地集约利用评价指标体系研究与探讨

本文在国土资源部开展开发区土地集约利用评价的背景下,针对各地普遍出现的问题,以试行规程为基础,从理论上对开发区土地集约利用评价指标体系进行了研究,分析了规程指标体系的合理性与局限性,进而在此基础上针对其局限性从指标口径和指标扩充两个方面进行了补充完善,最后提出了今后研究的方向和建议。     

地下水化学动力学基本理论在矿井水文地质中的应用

根据西峪煤矿水化学及相关水文地质资料,运用地下水化学动力学的基本理论和方法,对西峪煤矿奥陶系峰峰组岩溶含水层水文地质条件进行了定量评价,从而划分出了含水层的强、弱径流带,为煤矿的安全生产提供了依据。     

The BLAST-CODE model - A Computer-Aided Bench Blast Design and Simulation System

Blast design is a critical factor dominating fragmentation and cost of actual bench blasts. However, due to the varying nature of rock properties and geology as well as free surface conditions, reliable theoretic formulae are still unavailable at present and in most cases blast design is carried out by personal experience. As an effort to find a more scientific and reliable tool for blast design, a computer-aided bench blast design and simulation system, the BLAST-CODE model, is developed for Shuichang surface mine, Mining Industry Company of the Capital Iron and Steel Corporation Beijing. The BLAST-CODE model consists of a database representing geological and topographical conditions of the mine and the modules Frag + and Disp + for blast design and prediction of resultant fragmentation and displacement of rock mass. The two modules are established in accordance with cratering theory qualitatively and modified quantitatively by regression of the data collected from 85 bench blasting practices conducted in 3 mines of the Shuichang surface mine. Blasting parameters are selected based upon quantitative and comprehensive evaluation on the effect of the factors such as rock properties, geology, free surface conditions and detonation characteristics of the explosive products in use. In order to ensure practicality and reliability of the system, the BLAST-CODE model allows automatic adjustment to the selected parameters such as burden B and spacing S as well as explosive charge amount Q of any blasthole under irregular topographic and/or varying blastability conditions of the rock mass to be blasted. Simulation of the BLAST-CODE model includes prediction of fragmentation and displacement that are demonstrated in terms of swell factor, characteristic rock size x c and size distribution coefficient n by Rossin-Ramler's equation, and 3-dimentional muck pile profile. The BLAST-CODE model also permits interactive parameter selection based on comparison of the predicted fragmentation and displacement as well as the cost for drilling, explosives, and accessories until the most effective option can be selected.     

论江苏若干矿产资源开发利用的新方向

江苏泥炭大多数为低有机质分解较强的低位泥炭，适于制作肥料或制成腐肥使用；江苏硅质原料丰富，一种以硅为主的化肥——硅肥正日益显示其重要性；湖泊淤泥具有颗粒微细、含砂量少、可塑性高、结合力强、干燥敏感性好和收缩率较大等特点，是生产空心砖的最佳原料；高家边组泥页岩和坟头组底部细粉砂质泥岩及泥质粉砂岩是良好的陶粒原料、砖瓦、陶瓷建材以及水泥用粘土质原料；利用矿泉水与茶的结合能够生产出高、中、低多效应的复合型新产品。上述尚未被利用或利用程度不够的矿产资源有着广泛的开发利用前景。     

The Triassic age for oceanic eclogites in the Dabie orogen: Entrainment of oceanic fragments in the continental subduction

Low-temperature and high-pressure eclogites with an oceanic affinity in the western part of the Dabie orogen have been investigated with combined Lu–Hf and U–Pb geochronology. These eclogites formed over a range of temperatures (482–565 °C and 1.9–2.2 GPa). Three eclogites, which were sampled from the Gaoqiao country, yielded Lu–Hf ages of 240.7 ± 1.2 Ma, 243.3 ± 4.1 Ma and 238.3 ± 1.2 Ma, with a corresponding lower-intercept U–Pb zircon age of 232 ± 26 Ma. Despite the well-preserved prograde major- and trace-element zoning in garnets, these Lu–Hf ages mostly reflect the high-pressure eclogite-facies metamorphism instead of representing the early phase of garnet growth due to the occurrence of omphacite inclusions from core to rim and the shell effect. An upper-intercept zircon U–Pb age of 765 ± 24 Ma is defined for the Gaoqiao eclogite, which is consistent with the weighted-mean age of 768 ± 21 Ma for the country gneiss. However, the gneiss has not been subjected to successive high-pressure metamorphism. The new Triassic ages are likely an estimate of the involvement of oceanic fragments in the continental subduction.     

SIMS U-Pb dating of micro-zircons in the lunar meteorites Dhofar 1528 and Dhofar 1627

About half of the lunar meteorites in our collections are feldspathic breccias. Acquiring geochronologic information from these breccias is challenging due to their low radioactive-element contents and their often polymict nature. We used high-spatial-resolution (5 μm) NanoSIMS (nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry) U-Pb dating technique to date micro-zircons in the lunar feldspathic meteorites Dhofar 1528 and Dhofar 1627. Three NanoSIMS dating spots of two zircon grains from Dhofar 1528 show a discordia with an upper intercept at 4354 ± 76 Ma and a lower intercept at 332 ± 1407 Ma (2σ, MSWD = 0.01, p = 0.91). Three spots of two zircon grains in Dhofar 1627 define a discordia with an upper intercept at 3948 ± 30 Ma and a lower intercept at 691 ± 831 Ma (2σ, MSWD = 0.40, p = 0.53). Both samples likely experienced shock metamorphism caused by impacts. Based on the clastic nature, lack of recrystallization and the consistent U-Pb and Pb-Pb dates of the zircons in Dhofar 1528, the U-Pb date of 4354 Ma is interpreted as the crystallization age of its Mg-suite igneous precursor. Some of the Dhofar 1627 zircons show poikilitic texture, a crystallization from the matrix impact melt, so the U-Pb date of 3948 Ma corresponds to an impact event, likely the Imbrium basin-forming event. These data are the first radiometric ages for these two meteorites and demonstrate that in situ (high spatial resolution) U-Pb dating has potential for extracting geochronological information about igneous activities and impact events from lunar feldspathic and polymict breccias.