WEP模型全局参数敏感性分析及其在汉江上游流域的应用

水文模型敏感性分析是用来确定控制模型效率关键参数非常有效的过滤工具之一,并可以帮助理解模型结构,乃至发现模型的结构缺陷,从而有可能改善模型结构.本文通过将全局敏感性分析方法的LH-OAT方法应用到WEP-L模型.并在汉江上游向家坪以上流域进行了成功应用.研究发现.通过LH-OAT方法分析,对于汉江上游向家坪以上流域,河道曼宁糙率和坡面曼宁糙率是影响NaSh效率系数最重要的参数.通过对这两个参数的手动调参,模拟的日Nash效率系数从0.35提高到0.75.     

防汛异地视频会议系统的安全运行与管理

视频会议系统是在网络技术高速发展背景下产生的又一高科技成果,水利系统依托水利信息网建设了异地视频会议系统,提高了开会效率,节省了办公经费,在防汛抗旱工作中发挥了重要作用.由于视频会议系统应用的及时性、持续性、稳定性等要求非常高,其安全运行与管理至关重要,本文从可靠性保障、安全管理、常见问题处理办法等方面提出了可行的解决方案.     

渝利铁路青石岩段边坡危岩体稳定性评价及防治措施研究

渝利铁路青石岩段为深切河谷型边坡,该边坡表部岩体在风化缷荷作用下结构复杂且稳定性差。此外,浅表层岩体在降雨、地震及工程开挖等影响下,局部已经出现了不同模式不同规模的变形失稳现象,严重影响工程建设和运营期间的安全。因此,本文根据边坡岩体结构特征及风化缷荷特征等工程地质条件,结合不同失稳模式的危岩体,提出了相应的稳定性评价理论和方法。最后,针对不同规模和不同稳定状态下的危岩体提出了有效的防治措施。     

老鹰岩滑坡成因机制与运动特征研究

老鹰岩滑坡是汶川地震触发的大型岩质滑坡,滑坡纵长450 m,最大展宽430 m,体积约1 500×104m3。滑坡掩埋了一座中型水电站,造成20余人死亡,巨大的滑体堆积厚达100余米的滑坡坝,形成了汶川震区库容量仅次于唐家山的第二大堰塞湖。强震触发形成老鹰岩滑坡分为三个阶段,即:①后缘震动拉裂阶段。老鹰岩滑坡后缘为一突兀山脊,地形对地震动力放大效应明显,震动拉裂沿长大结构面形成了一个陡峭、粗糙,与重力作用下呈光滑、有一定弧形的后缘拉裂面迥异的边界。②摩擦阻力降低、滑体溃滑阶段。地震动力的持续作用,地震波不断在滑面处发生反射和折射,使得滑面处摩擦阻力迅速降低,进而岩体内"锁固段"剪断,滑体顺层面高速下滑。③滑体高速流动堆积阶段。规模巨大的滑体,冲入姜巴沟,并对沟两侧的山体产生强烈的铲刮,高速碎屑流受到黄洞子沟左侧山体强力阻挡后折返,并震动堆积形成堰塞湖。     

东平县矿产资源管理探讨

从东平县矿产资源的勘查开发历史、资源保有现状、勘查开发及矿政管理中存在的问题入手,进一步探讨了加强矿产资源储量管理的问题。矿产资源的有限性和分布不均匀性,决定了矿产资源的开发利用是有限的。如果不合理开发利用,必然会造成矿产资源衰竭和矿山生态环境恶化,使矿产资源与经济发展及环境保护之间的矛盾加剧。     

天津地区的断裂构造特征

通过重力资料的处理解释,对天津地区的断裂构造有了一定的认识,认为、断裂为该区的主控断裂,具有规模大、控制性强、长期继承性活动的特点。、级断裂多为控制、分割构造单元内部不同类型构造（区带）的分界线,对局部构造单元的形成、发展、演化及沉积建造起着重要的控制作用。多数断裂的活动具有阶段性、长期继承活动的特征,其活动性在不同发展阶段或同一阶段内有所不同。形成了以规模较大的断裂为主干的断裂构造系统,平面上交织为以北东向、北西向、近东西向为主,南北向为辅的构造格架,断裂均为隐伏断裂。同时,推断该区、级断裂生成较早,多为古生代、中生代,多数断裂自形成后经过多次构造运动的改造具有多次复活、长期活动的特点。、级断裂生成较晚,多为古近纪,活动强烈,古近纪为强烈活动时期。     

江西九江城门山铜多金属矿床土壤轻烃找矿试验

在开展城门山矿区新一轮的深部外围找矿过程中,传统的化探方法存在一定的局限性。本次工作在城门山矿区内蚀变矿化石英斑岩、矿区外围石英砂岩上方发育的土壤垂直剖面和1线、9线、J0线土壤测线中开展了系统的轻烃测量,尝试利用土壤轻烃异常示踪下伏的矿化信息。研究结果表明,除甲烷(C1)外,土壤轻烃(C2、C3、C4、C5)都能很好地示踪下伏的矿化信息,在花岗闪长斑岩(矿体)上方显示低值区,与土壤Hg气、磁化率高值形成镶嵌结构。通过对硫化物矿体上覆土壤的有机烃组分相关特征和变化规律的分析,可提出预测下伏矿体的评价指标,也有助于了解有机质在成矿作用过程中的赋存状态和演化规律。     

SIMS U-Pb dating of micro-zircons in the lunar meteorites Dhofar 1528 and Dhofar 1627

About half of the lunar meteorites in our collections are feldspathic breccias. Acquiring geochronologic information from these breccias is challenging due to their low radioactive-element contents and their often polymict nature. We used high-spatial-resolution (5 μm) NanoSIMS (nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry) U-Pb dating technique to date micro-zircons in the lunar feldspathic meteorites Dhofar 1528 and Dhofar 1627. Three NanoSIMS dating spots of two zircon grains from Dhofar 1528 show a discordia with an upper intercept at 4354 ± 76 Ma and a lower intercept at 332 ± 1407 Ma (2σ, MSWD = 0.01, p = 0.91). Three spots of two zircon grains in Dhofar 1627 define a discordia with an upper intercept at 3948 ± 30 Ma and a lower intercept at 691 ± 831 Ma (2σ, MSWD = 0.40, p = 0.53). Both samples likely experienced shock metamorphism caused by impacts. Based on the clastic nature, lack of recrystallization and the consistent U-Pb and Pb-Pb dates of the zircons in Dhofar 1528, the U-Pb date of 4354 Ma is interpreted as the crystallization age of its Mg-suite igneous precursor. Some of the Dhofar 1627 zircons show poikilitic texture, a crystallization from the matrix impact melt, so the U-Pb date of 3948 Ma corresponds to an impact event, likely the Imbrium basin-forming event. These data are the first radiometric ages for these two meteorites and demonstrate that in situ (high spatial resolution) U-Pb dating has potential for extracting geochronological information about igneous activities and impact events from lunar feldspathic and polymict breccias.     

Reclamation-oriented spatiotemporal evolution of coastal wetland along Bohai Rim,China

Coastal wetlands are located in the ecotone of interaction between the land surface and sea, and anthropogenic activities extensively interfere with these wetlands through the reclamation of large tidal wetlands and destruction of the function of the ecosystems. In this study, we investigated the dynamic evolutionary characteristics of the Bohai Rim coastal area over the past 40 years using the Modified Normalized Difference Water Index, the fractal dimension, object-oriented classification, the land-use transfer trajectory, and regression analysis. Additionally, we quantified and monitored the evolution of reclamation and analyzed the correlation between reclamation and coastal wetlands based on 99 Landsat-2, -5, and -8 images (at 60 m and 30 m spatial resolution) over the period 1980–2019. The results are as follows. (1) The coastline of the Bohai Rim increased by 1 631.2 km from 1980 to 2019 with a zigzag variation. The artificial coastline increased by 2 946.1 km, whereas the natural coastline decreased by 90%. (2) The area of man-made wetlands increased by 3 736.9 km2, the area of construction land increased by 1 008.4 km2, and the natural wetland area decreased by 66%. The decrease of tidal flats is the main contributor to the decrease of natural wetland area (takes account for 91.1%). Coastal areas are affected by intense human disturbance, which was taken place across a large area of tidal flats and caused the landscape to fragment and be more heterogeneous. The coastal zone development activities were primarily concentrated in the southern Laizhou Bay, the Yellow River Delta, the Bohai Bay, the northern Liaodong Bay, and the Pulandian Bay. The solidified shorelines and increase in sea level have resulted in intertidal wetlands decreasing and impaired wetland ecology. (3) There is a good agreement between reclamation and the size of the coastal wetlands. Both land reclamation and the reduction in coastal wetland areas are significantly related to the population size, fishery output value, and urbanization rate. In summary, human activities, such as the construction of aquaculture ponds and salt pans, industrialization, and urbanization, are the primary forces that influence the environmental changes in the coastal region. This study is beneficial for establishing and improving the systems for the rational development and utilization of natural resources, and provides theoretical references for restoring wetland ecology and managing future reclamation activities in other coastal zone-related areas.     

海洋牧场背景下的休闲渔业旅游发展模式研究

近年来随着产业融合的发展趋势显著,第一产业和第二产业开始向第三产业转型,海洋牧场建设发展过程中渔业与旅游业逐渐融合发展形成休闲渔业等渔业旅游形式。许多地区因地制宜形成了不同的休闲渔业发展模式,休闲渔业旅游发展多元化的趋势也在逐渐形成。文章对休闲渔业的概念进行了阐述,介绍了休闲渔业的产生与发展,并对我国休闲渔业的旅游模式进行归纳,提出当前休闲渔业发展存在的问题。如:发展观念滞后,缺乏长远规划;海洋休闲渔业产业结构单一;缺乏高素质的从业人员;科技、资金投入不足等。最后总结了海洋牧场背景下休闲渔业的未来发展趋势并对发展方向提出建议。