高地应力V级围岩相似材料研制及岩体开挖卸载模型试验分析

以黄土、砂为骨料,石膏、水泥为胶结材料,水为调节剂,以正交试验方法配制出V级围岩相似材料,该材料能够很好的模拟隧道Ⅴ级软弱围岩。在此基础上,以钢筒模型试验为媒介,通过千斤顶配合反力架加载,观察不同材料配比下的试验组应力变化斜率、自稳时间、应变大小等方面的差异,结合加载完成后模型开口处岩体变化情况,探索高地应力下Ⅴ级围岩开挖卸载效应。试验结果表明:虽然相似材料会因配比不同改变物理力学性质,但主要是对弹性模量的影响较大;在增大垂直压力作用下,试验中材料自稳时间变长,应力释放也较为彻底,但整体趋势放缓。     

大兴安岭多宝山晚三叠世双峰式侵入岩年代学及地球动力学背景

多宝山矿区发现有侵位于晚奥陶世花岗闪长岩的角闪辉长岩和英云闪长岩,二者具有双峰式侵入岩的特征,在详细的野外地质调查基础上,对多宝山双峰式侵入岩进行了岩石学、年代学、地球化学方面的研究,并初步探讨其构造意义.角闪辉长岩的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为224.3±1.7 Ma,英云闪长岩为226.3±2.3 Ma,两者形成于同一构造岩浆作用事件;侵入岩的SiO₂含量呈双峰式,稀土、微量元素特征表明它们具有岛弧岩浆特征,二者具有相同的岩石圈地幔源区,其源区可能受到了俯冲流体交代作用的影响.结合区域构造背景,认为其形成与鄂霍茨克洋壳俯冲有关,产于活动大陆边缘环境,它们可能是受地壳混染的OIB型玄武质岩浆在地壳中部的一个“双扩散”岩浆房通过结晶分异形成的.      

河北承德大庙铁矿床地质构造特征与找矿预测

大庙斜长岩杂岩体位于华北克拉通北缘,是我国唯一岩体型斜长岩杂岩体,赋存了丰富的Fe-Ti-P矿床.对该杂岩体的岩石学、矿床成因研究已经较为深入,但是矿田构造研究较为薄弱.本文主要从大庙矿床地质特征分析入手,通过控矿构造分析和成矿期构造应力场的恢复,结合成矿特征分析,建立大庙矿床找矿预测模型,开展找矿预测.在大庙杂岩体内,先后找到了大庙、黑山、马营和罗锅子沟等中—大型矿床,它们都具有典型的岩浆矿床特征,具有岩浆熔离、分异和贯入式成矿特征;系统的野外地质调查和翔实的构造解析表明,大庙杂岩体的侵位受控于EW向隆化-平泉和大庙-红石砬子的断裂构造,杂岩体内NE和NW向两组断裂构造控制了杂岩体内铁-铁磷矿带的发育,NS向断裂则主要为成矿后构造,往往错断了铁矿体.在黑山矿区,野外观测发现含矿苏长岩利用了固结斜长岩中发育的节理,呈脉状贯入,在节理交汇部位铁矿体变大变富;通过节理和矿脉走向的详细测量和吴氏网统计分析,推测大庙矿区成矿期含矿苏长岩的侵位受控于区域上近似NS向的挤压应力作用.根据大庙杂岩体的岩浆侵位时代、岩相-矿体的接触关系、控矿构造和成矿特征,复原了大庙杂岩体的成矿-构造演化过程:最早期区域构造活动控制了斜长岩的侵位,没有发生矿化;苏长岩的侵位,伴随发生了早期的结晶分凝式矿化;块状苏长岩的侵位导致了晚期的熔离-贯入式矿化的形成;成矿期后,大庙杂岩体还经历了多期次的构造变动、抬升和剥蚀.在此基础上,建立了大庙铁矿床的找矿预测模型,并系统分析了大庙矿田不同矿区的深部和外围的找矿潜力,认为黑山和大庙矿区的深部、黑山矿区东侧和北侧、大庙杂岩体的东部边缘可能被中生界覆盖的区域等地段都具有很好的找矿空间,大庙矿区铁矿资源潜力巨大.     

乌南油田滨浅湖砂体储层构型及其油气意义

基于Miall储层构型研究思想,结合岩心、测井、测试等资料,对乌南油田砂坝砂体储层构型界面特征进行了研究,确定了储层构型界面识别标志;在此基础上,将砂坝内部构型分为坝主体和坝侧缘,同时通过动、静态结合,明确砂坝外部构型存在孤立、视连通、左侧向叠置和右侧向叠置4种模式;纵向上发育湖退（进积）和湖进（退积）两种砂体发育模式。坝主体是主力储层,具有良好油气显示;坝主体分布面积大、出现频率高为油气有利区域。     

滇东北DD1井五峰组—龙马溪组地层界线划分及沉积环境演变

DD1井上奥陶统临湘组泥灰岩之上发育大套粉砂质泥岩,笔石化石缺乏,也未发现观音桥段含赫南特贝灰岩标志层,O-S界线通过生物地层和岩石地层方法难以确定.微量、稀土元素分析表明,粉砂质泥岩中部(1288.3 m)的Th、Sr、Y、Th/U以及Cen、Eun、δCe、δEu曲线均呈现尖锐的异常峰,该处∑REE含量显著高于上下...     

天山-兴蒙造山带主要钼矿床Re-Os定年和地质意义

天山-兴蒙钼矿带是中亚成矿域的重要组成部分,该成矿带主要呈近东西向分布;本文通过对天山-兴蒙钼矿带4个典型矿床Re-Os同位素精确定年,结合前人区域动力学背景的研究,揭示天山-兴蒙造山带钼矿床的成矿作用主要与岩浆侵入形成的花岗岩热液作用有关,并识别出兴蒙造山带3期岩浆活动、钼成矿作用和构造热事件;Re-Os定年结果揭示出晚古生代铜-钼矿床与俯冲-增生作用有关,三叠纪钼的成矿形成于西伯利亚板块与塔里木-华北克拉通碰撞背景下,而侏罗纪-早白垩世的钼成矿作用与古太平洋板块西向俯冲作用有关。     

Geochronology and geochemistry of the Hekoulinchang Sn-Pb-Zn-Ag polymetallic deposit (73240 t) in Heilongjiang Province,China

The Hekoulinchang Sn-Pb-Zn-Ag polymetallic deposit(20000 t Sn at 0.27%,236 t Ag at 122.89 g/t,15000 t Pb at 0.84%,and 38000 t Zn at 1.43%)is located in the Wandashan Terrane of the easternmost segment of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt.The timing of Sn-Pb-Zn-Ag polymetallic mineralization remains unclear due to a lack of precise isotope dating directly conducted on ore minerals.The authors herein report that the LA-ICP-MS U-Pb ages of cassiterite and zircon from the granite porphyry in the Hekoulinchang Sn-Pb-Zn-Ag polymetallic deposit are 101.4±7.9 Ma and 115.4±1.0 Ma,respectively,indicating that Sn mineralization and magmatism occurred during the Early Cretaceous.The granite porphyry belongs to the subalkaline series peraluminous I-type granites that are depleted in Nb,Ta,and Ti and enriched in Rb,Th,U,and Pb.TheεHf(t)values of the granite porphyry range from 0.9 to 7.4,with an average of about 5.6 and two-stage model ages(T_DM2)of 705–1116 Ma,with an average age of 819 Ma.The ε_Nd(t)values of the apatites are–1.60–0.45,with an average of–0.9,and two-stage model ages(T_DM2)of 872–1040 Ma,with an average age of 983 Ma.The Nd-Hf isotope data indicate that the magma may have been derived from the partial melting of juvenile crustal material.     

鄂西北构家河金矿床成矿流体特征

构家河金矿床位于南秦岭武当山西缘,产于绢云绿泥石英片岩和变石英砂岩之中,受韧性滑脱剪切构造带控制。矿化类型主要有破碎带蚀变岩型和石英脉型,其中前者形成了破碎带蚀变岩型主矿体,呈似层状或透镜状分布于近南北向断裂中,次矿体分布在北西和北东向次级断裂中,为石英脉型矿体。成矿作用包括3个阶段:石英-硫化物阶段、石英-硫化物-金银矿化阶段和石英-碳酸盐阶段。对主矿体石英-硫化物-金银矿化阶段和石英-碳酸盐阶段的流体包裹体进行了显微观察和测温,同时对不同阶段的石英和方解石、白云石等进行了D、O、C同位素测试。结果显示,包裹体以原生气液两相包裹体为主,且主要为富液相包裹体;石英-硫化物-金银矿化阶段包裹体均一温度集中于180~270℃,峰值为220℃,盐度和密度分别为1.40%~14.46%和0.60~0.97g/cm~3;石英-碳酸盐阶段均一温度峰值为170℃,盐度和密度分别为1.34%~7.31%和0.86~0.96g/cm~3;石英-硫化物-金银矿化阶段和石英-碳酸盐阶段石英的δD_(v-SMOW)值分别为-93.3%~70.9‰和-91.6%‰~-67.2‰,δ~(18)O_(v-SMOW)值为12.9‰~14.5‰和11.9‰~13.8‰;方解石和白云石的δ~(13)C_(V.PDB)值为-12.4‰~-12.0‰,δ~(18)O_(v-PDB)值为-18.4‰~-18.1‰。成矿流体特征显示该矿床初始成矿流体为中温、低盐度的变质热液,再结合区域成矿地质与成矿构造背景,认为构家河金矿为造山型金矿床。     

Degrading river network due to urbanization in Yangtze River Delta

Evolution of river systems under the background of human activities has been a heated topic among geographers and hydrologists. Spatial and temporal variations of river systems during the 1960s–2010s in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) were investigated based on streams derived from the topographic maps in the 1960s, 1980s and 2010s. A list of indices, drainage density (Dd), water surface ratio (WSR), ratio of area to length of main streams (R), evolution coefficient of tributaries (K) and box dimension (D), were classified into three types (quantitative, structural, and complex indices) and used to quantify the variations of stream structure. Results showed that: (1) quantitative indices (Dd, WSR) presented decreasing trend in the past 50 years, and Dd in Wuchengxiyu, Hangjiahu and Yindongnan have decreased most, about 20%. Structurally, the Qinhuai River basin was characterized by significant upward R, and K value in Hangjiahu went down dramatically by 46.8% during the 1960s–2010s. Decreasing tendency in D was found dominating across the YRD, and decreasing magnitude in Wuchengxiyu and Hangjiahu peaks for 7.8% and 6.5%, respectively in the YRD. (2) Urbanization affected the spatial pattern of river system, and areas with high level of urbanization exhibited least Dd (2.18 km/km²), WSR (6.52%), K (2.64) and D (1.42), compared to moderate and low levels of urbanization. (3) Urbanization also affected the evolution of stream system. In the past 50 years, areas with high level of urbanization showed compelling decreasing tendency in quantitative (27.2% and 19.3%) and complex indices (4.9%) and trend of enlarging of main rivers (4.5% and 7.9% in periods of the 1960s–1980s and the 1980s–2010s). In the recent 30 years, areas with low level of urbanization were detected with significant downward trend in Dd and K. (4) Expanding of urban land, construction of hydraulic engineering and irrigation and water conservancy activities were the main means which degraded the river system in the YRD.