浅析喀什至和田铁路S2标钻孔灌注桩施工方法

喀什至和田铁路是铁道部架子队管理模式的试验工程。由原来的施工队伍的单纯施工变为管理施工相结合,施工队伍承担起甲方的部分职责。根据地质条件、工期要求、机械设备配备状况,结合桩基设计参数,确定本工程钻孔灌注桩成孔采用旋挖钻机。钻孔桩施工工艺:施工准备→场地布置→桩孔位置的确定→泥浆制备→钻头的选用→钢筋笼制作→旋挖钻进成孔→一次清孔→钢筋笼安放→下放导管→二次清孔—混凝土灌注。     

济南泉域地下水位动态及其对降水响应的交叉小波分析

利用1988—2009年济南泉域8个地下水位动态观测点不同时段观测资料及1998—2009年降水数据,采用连续小波变换、交叉小波变换方法对济南泉域地下水位动态的多时间尺度特征、相互关系及其对降水的响应进行了分析。结果表明:①济南泉域地下水位动态存在显著的0.82～1.16 a的主振荡周期,低频部分仅在部分年份存在1.95～3.09 a的振荡周期;②含水岩组富水性对地下水位动态存在影响,研究区主径流方向上弱富水性地段地下水位动态时滞较强富水性地段长,强富水性地段4个观测孔地下水位波动时序基本一致;③地下水位动态对降水的响应滞后明显,为73.06～134.42 d,总体表现为地下水径流路径越长,响应越滞后;④基于地下水位动态与基于降水—地下水位动态交叉小波变换得到的观测点对水位动态的滞后时间多数一致,同一径流路径上局部点对滞后时间之和与全局点对有很好的对应关系。交叉小波分析可定量评价泉域地下水位动态及其与降水的相关关系。     

重庆及其周缘地区下古生界页岩气成藏条件及有利区预测

从野外地表露头、井下岩心及典型剖面等基础资料出发,以富有机质页岩形成地质背景及其展布特征-页岩气成藏条件-有利区预测为主线,对重庆及周缘地区下古生界页岩气成藏条件进行分析,并采用综合信息叠合法对该区有利区进行预测。指出研究区下寒武统筇竹寺组和上奥陶统五峰组—下志留统龙马溪组两套富有机质页岩普遍发育,分布广,厚度大,埋藏适中,有机质类型好,有机质含量高,具有充足的储集空间和运移通道,并且等温吸附模拟和现场解析实验也表明,这两套页岩均具有较强的气体吸附、较好的含气性能;多口井钻遇黑色页岩段气显异常普遍,也为页岩气的存在提供证据。总之,该区与美国东部典型页岩气盆地有诸多地质可比性,具有形成页岩气藏的有利地质条件,是页岩气勘探研究值得关注的重要领域。     

干旱地区地下埋藏物的地质雷达探测方法

地质雷达应用于探测地下工程,常通过探测地下开挖区域间接地寻找目标。对因回填或坍塌空洞不明显的开挖区域,须通过研究开挖区边界以及地层缺失的雷达影像扰动特征,判定开挖区范围。现场探测实验表明,这种探测方法较准确,误差在允许范围内,达到了预期。同时,对干旱地区地质雷达探测地下埋藏物开挖区域的方法和影像特征进行分析和总结。     

新疆南天山开都河火山岩地球化学特征、锆石 LA-ICP-MS年代学及其意义

位于塔里木-卡拉库姆板块与伊犁-哈萨克斯坦板块之间的南天山造山带是最具代表性的造山带之一,其中发育一条不完整的蛇绿岩带——南天山南缘库勒湖-科克铁克达坂蛇绿岩带,暗示古缝合线的存在。该蛇绿岩带北面的开都河水电站泥盆纪地层中发育一套中酸性火山岩(包括熔结凝灰岩、含晶屑酸性玻璃质熔岩和安山岩等),属于碱性-钙碱性系列,A/CNK值在0.82~1.31之间;该套岩石整体REE含量较高,轻重稀土元素分异显著,轻稀土元素相对富集,重稀土元素亏损,并具强烈的Eu负异常。对熔结凝灰岩中岩浆锆石进行LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年,获得其结晶年龄为393.1±3.4 Ma,与中泥盆统(D2)萨阿尔明组一致。岩石地球化学研究表明,安山岩可能来自于玄武岩分离结晶;熔结凝灰岩、含晶屑酸性玻璃质熔岩来自于上地壳部分熔融。推测其形成机制是:库勒洋盆在中泥盆世向北俯冲消减过程中释放出流体,导致地幔楔发生部分熔融并形成玄武质岩浆,部分玄武质岩浆结晶分异形成安山岩,随着俯冲持续和地壳不断加厚,玄武质岩浆对上部地壳加热使得其发生部分熔融形成酸性母岩浆,并最终喷发至地表形成熔结凝灰岩和含晶屑酸性玻璃质熔岩。     

Dissolution of sandstone powders in deionised water over the range 50–350 °C

Sandstone dissolution is a common water–rock reaction in the Earth’s crust, but a thorough understanding of this phenomenon is constrained by poorly determined kinetic data. To this end, kinetic data were determined for the dissolution of arkosic sandstone powders in deionised water (pH was about 7.0–7.3 and electrical conductivity was between 0.95 and 1.00 μS/cm). Release rates of dissolved elements were determined over the range 50–350 °C at 20, 15, and 10 MPa using a column flow-through pressure vessel reactor. The conductivity of the outlet solution, measured at room temperature, is dependent on the charge of major cations such as Na⁺, K⁺, Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ at these conditions. The conductivity of the outlet solution was used to determine the steady state of the dissolution of sandstone powders. The pH values of the outlet solutions at the steady state, measured ex situ at room temperature, were about 7.7, 8.3, 8.4, 8.4 and 7.6 at 75, 100, 150, 200 and 250 °C, respectively, at 10 MPa. Silicon, Na, K, Ca, Al and Mg are the major ions found in the solution at low temperatures, but Si is the only major ion retained at higher temperatures (>150 °C). Compared with static experiments, the flowing dissolution experiments occurred at conditions far from equilibrium. The relationship between temperature and dissolution rates of arkosic sandstone powders was described as log R = 0.005469t − 10.50 where R is the dissolution rates of sandstone powders in kg/(m² s), t is temperature in °C which ranged from 100 to 350 °C at 20 and 15 MPa, and the dissolution rates of sandstone powders were measured only for the major dissolved elements without oxygen in the outlet solutions.     

西昆仑山前东段新生代褶皱冲断带及其锥形楔机制

西昆仑山前东段的和田-柯克亚构造带与塔里木盆地内的麻扎塔格构造带相距为200 km,两者近似平行,遥相对应,麻扎塔格构造带是和田-柯克亚构造带的前沿,山前挤压变形量沿古近系阿尔塔什组膏泥岩向北传递约200 km到麻扎塔格,形成往北东逆冲的断层传播褶皱,在盆地腹部表现为一条显著的北西向地形隆起。因此,整个西昆仑山前东段新生代褶皱冲断带宽约为270 km,长约为220 km,由和田-柯克亚构造带、麦盖提斜坡和麻扎塔格构造带组成。中部近200 km的麦盖提斜坡内没有明显构造变形,且整个褶皱冲断带的锥形楔角度远小于活动造山带的临界锥形角,说明古近系底部阿尔塔什组膏泥岩以及新生代沉积体的形态是这个褶皱冲断带锥形楔形成的主控原因,膏泥岩控制了锥形楔的顶面坡度α基底构造形态及上覆沉积楔形体则控制了锥形楔的底部滑脱层倾角β。     

新疆库鲁克塔格南华纪成矿体系特征

新疆库鲁克塔格地区南华系地层层序十分发育,该区南华系有3次冰川活动的沉积记录; 该区与Rodinia 超大陆裂解有关的构造岩浆事件发生时限为830～630 Ma; 区域内分布的且干布拉克蛭石矿和兴地Ⅱ号铜镍矿床与南华纪的Rodinia超大陆裂解有关; 库鲁克塔格地块在南华纪可能是华南板块的边缘块体,它与华南板块上大范围分布的同期火成岩为Rodinia超大陆裂解时地慢柱活动的产物。     

渤海湾西岸全新世地层的分段与划组

本文以岩性地层、气候地层(CaCO3含量、古温度和Rb/Sr比值等)、年代地层、沉积化学地层和生物组合地层等资料为基础,根据地层规范以及建组要求将渤海湾西岸全新世地层划分为3个组:独流镇组( Qh3 dl)、大黄洼组(Qh2dh)和西翟庄组(Qh1xz).其地层埋深界线及测年界线分别为:晚全新世独流镇组(Qh3dl)与...     

Determination of groundwater recharge regime and flowpath in the Lower Heihe River basin in an arid area of Northwest China by using environmental tracers: Implications for vegetation degradation in the Ejina Oasis

Environmental tracers (CFCs, stable isotopes ¹⁸O, ²H, and ³H) and major ions were employed to study river infiltration and groundwater recharge in the aquifer system in the basin of the Lower Heihe River, Northwest China. Three groups of waters have been recognized: (1) young groundwater, connected to the river, with large variation of CFC apparent ages ranging from <10 a to 40 a, and δ¹⁸O and δ²H values which are similar to the river water; (2) regional background water, unaffected by the river, having CFC apparent ages >40 a, and being depleted in ¹⁸O and ²H compared with the river water; and (3) groundwater in Gurinai, a grassland located about 100 km from the river, in which the predominant discharge is from the Badain Jaran desert, with CFC apparent ages ranging from 25 to >50 a and being enriched in ¹⁸O and ²H compared to the river water. The groundwater along the river contains CFCs and ³H down to depths of about 120 m, and the shallow groundwater exhibits CFC apparent ages in a wide range which are not dependent on the well depth. Groundwaters along the river show a similar trend of enrichment in ¹⁸O and ²H as the river water whereas groundwaters in depression cones are depleted in heavier isotopes, and have low CFC and ³H concentrations. The CFC apparent age of the groundwater increases with increasing distance downstream, indicating that the dominant part of the groundwater is from infiltration of river water in the upper reaches. Modifications of groundwater recharge are reflected in variations of stable isotope compositions, as well as CFC and ³H concentrations in the groundwater that was recharged from the river over the last decades. Despite recharging from river water, groundwater abstraction has induced a water balance deficit. The riparian ecosystem in the Ejina Oasis is constrained by both decreased river flow and increased groundwater abstraction. The vegetation degradation in the Ejina Oasis is controlled not only by natural aridification but also worsened by heavy groundwater abstraction and decreased river flow.