Review of Deep-Penetrating Geochemical Exploration Methods

It is a worldwide challenge to explore the deeply buried deposits. Deep-penetrating geochemical exploration methods were developed to solve the problems of how to get the information of the buried deposits in the covered layer. The methods were successfully used to indicate some buried deposits, but not all kinds of deposits. What is more, a method cannot be used in all kinds of landscapes. In this paper, theories and case studies of deep-penetrating geochemical exploration methods, including mobile metal ions, enzyme leach, leaching of mobile forms of metals in overburden, electro-geochemical extraction method, biogeochemical exploration, nano-metal in geogas were reviewed. Elements migration, unloading mechanism and anomaly models are the most important parts for deep-penetrating geochemistry and need to be further investigated. From the perspective of economic efficiency and applicability, sampling and analyzing procedures should be simplified to improve the stability of all methods.     

钻探在地灾结构面产状勘查中的应用

文中结合大安山宝地洼村的崩塌地质灾害项目,介绍了地质灾害勘查中,利用钻探工程来获取深部结构面产状数据的方法——构造等高线法。采用钻探工程数据的统计分析方法、结构面等高线的构造方式以及结构面产状数据,获取的计算过程,获得了崩塌岩体深部结构面的产状数据,进行了治理方案的设计。利用构造等高线的方法来获取结构面产状信息,不仅可以弥补野外地质罗盘单一测量的不准确性,而且还避免了因结构面出露条件较差或无出露而造成的产状数据的缺失,从而提高了地质灾害勘查的可靠程度及治理方案设计的合理性。     

Selecting suitable sites for mountain ginseng (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Panax ginseng</Emphasis>) cultivation by using geographically weighted logistic regression

With the well-being trends to pursue a healthy life, mountain ginseng (Panax ginseng) is rising as one of the most profitable forest products in South Korea. This study was aimed at evaluating a new methodology for identifying suitable sites for mountain ginseng cultivation in the country. Forest vegetation data were collected from 46 sites and the spatial distribution of all sites was analyzed using GIS data for topographic position, landform, solar radiation, and topographic wetness. The physical and chemical properties of the soil samples, including moisture content, pH, organic matter, total nitrogen, exchangeable cations, available phosphorous, and soil texture, were analyzed. The cultivation suitability at each site was assessed based on the environmental conditions using logistic regression (LR) and geographically weighted logistic regression (GWLR) and the results of both methods were compared. The results show that the areas with northern aspect and higher levels of solar radiation, moisture content, total nitrogen, and sand ratio are more likely to be identified as suitable sites for ginseng cultivation. In contrast to the LR, the spatial modeling with the GWLR results in an increase in the model fitness and indicates that a significant portion of spatial autocorrelation in the data decreases. A higher value of the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve presents a better prediction accuracy of site suitability by the GWLR. The geographically weighted coefficient estimates of the model are non-stationary, and reveal that different site suitability is associated with the geographical location of the forest stands. The GWLR increases the accuracy of selecting suitable sites by considering the geographical variations in the characteristics of the cultivation sites.     

A novel model to assess soil productivity in the dry-hot valleys of China

Accurate evaluation of soil productivity has been a long-standing challenge. Although numerous models for productivity assessment exist, most are cumbersome to use and require substantial parameter inputs. We developed a new empirical soil productivity model based on field investigations of soil erosion, soil physicochemical properties, and crop yields in the dry-hot valleys (DHVs) in China. We found that soil pH, and organic matter and available potassium contents significantly affected crop yields under eroded conditions of the DHVs. Moreover, available potassium content was the key factor affecting soil productivity. We then modified an existing soil productivity model by adding the following parameters: contents of effective water, potassium, organic matter, and clay, soil pH, and root weighting factor. The modified soil productivity model explained 63.5% of the crop yield. We concluded that the new model was simple, realistic, and exhibited strong predictability. In addition to providing an accurate assessment of soil productivity, our model could potentially be applied as a soil module in comprehensive crop models.     

A new record of ponyfish <Emphasis Type="Italic">Deveximentum megalolepis</Emphasis> (Perciformes: Leiognathidae) in Beibu Gulf of China

A new record ponyfish, Deveximentum megalolepis Mochizuki and Hayashi, 1989, was documented based on its morphological characteristics and DNA barcode. Fifty specimens were collected from Beibu Gulf of China and identified as D. megalolepis by morphological characterization. The coloration, meristic traits, and morphometric measurements were consistent with previously published records. In general, it is a silver-white, laterally compressed and deep bodied ponyfish with 6–9 rows of scales on cheek; scale rows above lateral line 6–8; scale rows below lateral line 14–17. Mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I subunit (COI) gene fragment was sequenced for phylogenetic analysis. There is no sequence variation of COI gene between the specimens collected in this study. The genetic distances between D. megalolepis and other congeneric species range from 3.6% to 14.0%, which were greater than the threshold for fish species delimitation. The COI sequence analysis also supported the validity of D. megalolepis at genetic level. However, the genetic distance between Chinese and Philippine individuals was about 1.2% and they formed two lineages in gene tree, which may be caused by the geographical distance.     

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长春台墩差和仪器差测定

墩差测量和仪器差测量是一个标准地磁台中最基本的工作,是观测资料质量的准确性和可靠性的首要条件。长春台于2009年6月6日和9月1日两次对墩差进行了测量和校正,4月24日对主工作仪（Mingeo—DIM）和第Z．I作仪（CTM—DI）进行了仪器差测量,本文论述了测量的方法步骤和对结果精度评估。     

工程结构柱式构件的抗震性能试验研究进展

为研究工程结构中柱式构件的抗震性能,本文对国内外普通混凝土柱、高强混凝土柱、钢管混凝土柱和钢骨混凝土柱的抗震拟静力试验结果进行了总结,得出了影响柱式构件抗震性能的几个关键因素,并对研究中存在的不足以及今后需要探讨的问题进行了讨论。     

巴尔喀什成矿带奎干-玛依布拉克斑岩型铜矿区矿床地质特征与开发前景分析

哈萨克斯坦巴尔喀什湖南侧的奎干-玛依布拉克铜矿区位于巴尔喀什成矿带环巴尔喀什-准噶尔成矿省楚伊犁-北天山成矿亚省的西北部, 发育一系列中小型斑岩型铜矿床。本文概要介绍了奎干-玛依布拉克铜矿区矿床地质、围岩蚀变、成矿作用、矿石矿物组成与主要矿床特征, 并分析了铜矿床开发的前景。该铜矿区含矿岩石主要为花岗闪长斑岩, 成矿元素组合主要为Cu-Au-Mo, 具有与巴尔喀什湖北侧科翁腊德、阿克斗卡等超大型斑岩型铜矿床类似的地质特征, 说明了巴尔喀什成矿带斑岩型铜矿床的分布跨越了巴尔喀什湖, 在湖南侧也具有较好的斑岩铜矿成矿远景。