云龙县上坪子镍矿小火烧岩体含矿性及找矿方向

对矿区小火烧岩体开展岩相学和EH4地球物理特征研究,表明小火烧岩体中含硫化物橄榄辉长岩带具有较好的含矿性;预测的Ⅰ号岩体顶部,以及Ⅰ号与Ⅱ号预测岩体间的视电阻率变化地带为找矿有利部位。     

多孔黏弹介质平面波理论及波场数值模拟

本文将黏弹固体骨架与各向异性多孔弹性模型相结合,并将地层黏弹性的特性考虑其中,更好地刻画了快P波和横波在地震频带的衰减现象。将多孔黏弹模型模拟结果同传统弹性模型模拟结果对比显示,多孔黏弹模型在模拟真实储层方面更具优势。     

对甘肃宕昌县代家庄铅锌矿床成因的认识

甘肃省宕昌县代家庄铅锌矿床的发现是近年来西秦岭地区铅锌找矿的重大进展。其类型为以菱锌矿、白铅矿为主的碳酸盐型铅锌矿,成为西成矿田西延地段发现新的成矿类型。区内圈定铅锌矿体6条,产于泥盆系龙鳞桥组第2岩性段与第3岩性段的过渡带和东沟组中,受NW—SE向压扭性断裂破碎带控制。断裂是成矿最主要的控制因素,不仅控制着铅锌多金属矿体的沉积就位,而且在成矿后期对矿体的改造起主导作用。矿区内未见岩浆岩及典型的热液蚀变现象。文章分析了成矿地质背景和矿床地质特征,铅同位素显示变化范围小,说明铅来源比较单一,硫同位素结果说明硫质来源于沉积地层中。闪锌矿中流体包裹体均一温度分别为80℃~120℃和120℃~160℃,说明成矿温度总体比较低。初步认为其成因沉积改造型铅锌矿床。     

钦-杭结合带在中生代构造转折事件以前的板块构造机制

钦州湾—杭州湾结合带是位于扬子与华夏两大古陆块中间的巨型构造结合带,在演化成西太平洋活动大陆边缘之前,经历了多期次的构造-岩浆事件。扬子和华夏板块于新元古代通过四堡造山运动(1 000~880 Ma)沿江山—绍兴断裂,经赣东北、湘中至钦州湾地区发生碰撞-拼合事件,拼合界线大致位于钦州湾—杭州湾结合带内,形成"两陆夹一盆"的主要格局。后碰撞过程经历了造山后岩浆活动和大陆拉张裂解两个过程,在结合带形成广阔的拉张盆地,加里东期(460~410 Ma)以及印支期(250~200 Ma)发生的碰撞-拼合事件导致扬子和华夏地块多次再造,引发强烈的构造-岩浆活动,并形成了华南统一的沉积环境。受西太平洋板块俯冲影响,华南地区中生代构造转折事件(125~140 Ma)使华南地区主要构造背景由碰撞挤压调整为岩石圈减薄,成为华南最重要的岩浆活动和成矿期。根据内部结构的不均一性和演化历史差异,钦州湾—杭州湾结合带可分为北段、中段和南段3段。其中,中段与传统南岭大体一致;北段为南岭以北地区,即绍兴—江山—萍乡一带;南段为南岭以南地区,大致与云开隆起—十万大山盆地相当。年代学和地球化学研究显示,在云开地块西缘的一系列变质基性岩、超基性岩和变质基性火山岩形成于新元古代洋中脊(MORB)或者岛弧(ITA)特征的构造环境,最近在岑溪一带发现形成于加里东期(441 Ma)的变质火山岩同样具有MORB型地球化学特征。在十万大山两侧发现早中生代的酸性火山岩和流纹岩具有典型岛弧型火山岩地球化学特征。可见结合带南段曾经存在古老洋壳,先后经历了新元古代、加里东期和印支期的碰撞造山事件,与北段演化历史具有一致性。     

黑水县巴阿泽锰矿床地质特征及成矿规律

巴阿泽锰矿位于瓦钵梁子—四美沟复背斜东部倾没端。通过对黑水县巴阿泽锰矿床的综合研究,该矿床的含矿层位为菠茨沟组中段(PTb2)。矿区共圈定2条矿体。同时对该区的矿床地质特征及成矿规律进行了分析,认为该矿床属于沉积-受变质型矿床,并归纳总结出三条找矿标志。     

一种桩锚连接的新方法——双向支座法

阐述一种新型的在基坑及边坡支护工程中的传力装置——双向支座法,详细论述了目前普遍使用的腰梁工法的不足,并对其进行了改进,提出了新的施工方法,在基坑支护工程中具有较高的推广和实用价值。     

广东东莞黑头山花岗岩体成岩时代及成因研究

广东东莞厚街黑头山黑云母二长花岗岩体锆石SHRIMP U-Pb测定其岩浆结晶年龄为151.6 Ma(晚侏罗世),属燕山期岩浆活动产物。岩石化学成分富SiO2(70%),富K2O(4%);相对贫Al2O3(12%~14.4%),贫Sr、Ba、Eu、Ti和P;稀土配分曲线呈海鸥型,具明显的负铕异常。多方法综合判断认为黑头山花岗岩具明显的A型花岗岩特征,属弱过铝质A1型花岗岩,应是燕山期岩石圈拉张减薄构造背景下所形成的侵入岩体。     

Visualizing spatiotemporal trajectories of mobile social media users using space–time cube

The implementation of social network applications on mobile platforms has significantly elevated the activity of mobile social networking. Mobile social networking offers a channel for recording an individual’s spatiotemporal behaviors when location-detecting capabilities of devices are enabled. It also facilitates the study of time geography on an individual level, which has previously suffered from a scarcity of georeferenced movement data. In this paper, we report on the use of georeferenced tweets to display and analyze the spatiotemporal patterns of daily user trajectories. For georeferenced tweets having both location information in longitude and latitude values and recorded creation time, we apply a space–time cube approach for visualization. Compared to the traditional methodologies for time geography studies such as the travel diary-based approach, the analytics using social media data present challenges broadly associated with those of Big Data, including the characteristics of high velocity, large volume, and heterogeneity. For this study, a batch processing system has been developed for extracting spatiotemporal information from each tweet and then creating trajectories of each individual mobile Twitter user. Using social media data in time geographic research has the benefits of study area flexibility, continuous observation and non-involvement with contributors. For example, during every 30-minute cycle, we collected tweets created by about 50,000 Twitter users living in a geographic region covering New York City to Washington, DC. Each tweet can indicate the exact location of its creator when the tweet was posted. Thus, the linked tweets show a Twitter users’ movement trajectory in space and time. This study explores using data intensive computing for processing Twitter data to generate spatiotemporal information that can recreate the space–time trajectories of their creators.     

河南省农作物虚拟水含量时空分异特征

在GIS技术的支持下,通过对1978—2013年河南省冬小麦、夏玉米、花生、棉花、油料作物、蔬菜6种主要农作物虚拟水量的计算与分析,探讨了其时空分异规律。河南省6种农作物单位质量虚拟水量在不断下降的趋势下有波动,2003年出现峰值,与当年大旱、所有农作物大面积减产有关;在农作物类型中,棉花单位质量虚拟水含量最高,多年平均值达到8 077.4 m3/t,蔬菜最低,多年平均值仅为159.95 m3/t。6种作物的虚拟水含量在空间分布上有明显差异,按其2013年的产量进行加权分析得到,第一等级区域为三门峡、郑州、信阳,第二等级为平顶山、洛阳、济源、开封,第三等级为南阳、驻马店、新乡、鹤壁、安阳、濮阳,第四等级为漯河,最低为许昌、周口、商丘、焦作。从整体看,西部、南部虚拟水含量高,而北部、东部虚拟水含量低。     

A mechanism for the origin and development of the large-scale dunefield on the right flank of the lower reach of Laoha River, Northeast China

By viewing satellite imagery, a striking large-scale dunefield can be clearly perceived, with a size of nearly 63 km long and 11 km wide, and trending NE–SW, on the right flank of the lower Laoha River, Northeast China. By means of remote sensing imagery analysis and field observation as well as a comparison with a small-scale dunefield on the right flank of the lower Xiangshui River, analogous to the case of the lower Laoha River, this paper presents a new mechanism for its origin and development. The results show that:(1) the large-scale dunefield bears a tile-style framework overwhelmingly composed of transverse barchanoid ridges perpendicular to the predominant winds, and inlaid diverse blowouts.(2) The small-scale dunefield, referred to as a primary structural unit of the large one, is typical of an incipient dunefield, following the same rules of evolution as the larger.(3) A succession of barchanoid ridge chains can steadily migrate downwind in much the same manner as surface wave propagation in air or water stimulated by an incised valley, and ultimately tend to bear roughly the same wavelength and amplitude under stable climate and hydrologic regimes.(4) The first ridge chain acquires its sand source substantially from the downwind escarpments exposing the loose Quaternary sandy sediments to the air, while the ensuing ridges derive their sands dominantly from in situ deflation of the underlain Quaternary loose sandy sediments in blowouts, partly from the upwind ridges through northern elongated horns. Theoretically, the sands from riparian escarpments can be transported by wind to the downwind distal end of a dunefield after sufficient long duration.(5) The lower Laohahe region experienced probably three significant climatic changes in the past, corresponding to the three active dune belts, suggesting that once a large-scale dunefield occurs, it is nearly impossible to be completely stabilized, at least in its central portions. At present, seasonal shrinkage and stagnation of the lower Laoha River, widespread farming and afforestation in the valley, and establishing windbreaks downwind of the valley as well as surrounding the dunefield, appear to have significantly modified local flow fields and sand sources, engendering significant degradation of the dunefield.