改革开放以来珠江三角洲基层非正规土地利用实践与制度创新——以东莞市长安镇为例

21世纪初,在对非正规经济研究的二元主义、新马克思主义和新自由主义理论解释基础上,出现了批判管治主义理论,重点关注国家权力与制度对非正规性产生的影响。基于该视角,以东莞市长安镇为例,运用质性研究方法,分析了改革开放先行区的珠江三角洲,其基层非正规土地利用实践的产生、表现及其与制度创新之间的关系。研究发现：改革开放以来,在国家土地制度缺失、正规土地管理制度颁布和实施阶段,以及省级政府主导的土地制度创新阶段,非正规土地利用实践经历了被政府鼓励、包容和默许及正规化的过程。部分非正规土地利用实践成为制度创新的根源。土地制度的演变经历了由乡村基层“自下而上”式向地方政府“自上而下”式推动的转变,在演变过程中具有非正规性特征,并服务于各个时期的城市与经济发展需求。未来的研究中,应更多的关注“自下而上”的制度创新和地方实践。     

Impact of soil and water conservation measures on catchment hydrological response—a case in north Ethiopia

Impact studies of catchment management in the developing world rarely include detailed hydrological components. Here, changes in the hydrological response of a 200‐ha catchment in north Ethiopia are investigated. The management included various soil and water conservation measures such as the construction of dry masonry stone bunds and check dams, the abandonment of post‐harvest grazing, and the establishment of woody vegetation. Measurements at the catchment outlet indicated a runoff depth of 5 mm or a runoff coefficient (RC) of 1·6% in the rainy season of 2006. Combined with runoff measurements at plot scale, this allowed calculating the runoff curve number (CN) for various land uses and land management techniques. The pre‐implementation runoff depth was then predicted using the CN values and a ponding adjustment factor, representing the abstraction of runoff induced by the 242 check dams in gullies. Using the 2006 rainfall depths, the runoff depth for the 2000 land management situation was predicted to be 26·5 mm (RC = 8%), in line with current RCs of nearby catchments. Monitoring of the ground water level indicated a rise after catchment management. The yearly rise in water table after the onset of the rains (ΔT) relative to the water surplus (WS) over the same period increased between 2002–2003 (ΔT/WS = 3·4) and 2006 (ΔT/WS >11·1). Emerging wells and irrigation are other indicators for improved water supply in the managed catchment. Cropped fields in the gullies indicate that farmers are less frightened for the destructive effects of flash floods. Due to increased soil water content, the crop growing period is prolonged. It can be concluded that this catchment management has resulted in a higher infiltration rate and a reduction of direct runoff volume by 81% which has had a positive influence on the catchment water balance. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于JXTA的协同学习系统研究

随着计算机网络技术的迅速发展和计算机协同工作CSCW理论和技术研究的深入,计算机协同学习(Computer Supported Collaborative Learning)的思想逐渐被引入计算机网络教育的应用中.目前大多数的协同学习系统采用了C/S结构.提出的基于JXTA的协同学习系统采用了P2P(Peer-to-Peer)结构,满足了协同学习的一般需求,具有安全性、可伸缩性和可扩展性.     

东胜煤田锡尼布拉格勘查区煤层对比

东胜煤田锡尼布拉格勘查区主要含煤地层为中侏罗统延安组,含煤层层数较多,且钻孔间距较大,煤层对比难度较大。根据区内勘查成果结合区域资料,采用煤层组合宏观结构、沉积旋回、地震波阻抗追索、测井曲线特征、标志层、煤层间距及煤层结构对比法等综合手段进行煤层对比,使3-1、4-1、4-2、5-1、5-2主要可采煤层达到对比可靠,3-2、3-3、4-1下等次要可采煤层和不可采煤层达到对比基本可靠的程度。     

黑河中游花棒的开花特性与繁育系统研究

2009年5—10月在黑河流域中游定位观测了花棒的开花特性,运用人工授粉和套袋试验等方法测定了花棒的繁育系统。结果表明,花棒单朵花的花期为2～5 d。花粉属“非淀粉型”,寿命4～8 h。访花者有10余种,以膜翅目昆虫为主。授粉实验结果显示其不存在无融合生殖,自交亲和,自然条件下,虫媒在传粉过程中起决定性的作用,表明花棒的繁育系统为混合交配系统。     

The Variabilities of the Soft and Hard X—ray Components of NGC 7314 and NGC 7582 and the Distribution of Absorbing Matter in Type Ⅱ AGNs

ASCA observations of the two Type Ⅱ AGNs,NGC7314 and NGC 7582,show clear variations in the broad X-ray band(0.4-10keV)on short timescales-10^4s.Spectral analysis indicates that they bot have an absorbed hard X-ray component and an unabsorbed soft“excess” component.To clarify the origin of the latter,we made a cross-correlation analysis of the two components.The results show that,for NGC7314,the soft X-ray variability is proportional to that of the hard X-ray component.This indicates that the active nucleus of NGC 7314 must be partially covered and so the soft emission is a “leaking” of the variable hard component.For NGC 7582,there is no detectable variability in the soft component, although there is a definite one in the hard component.This indicates that the variable nucleus of NGC 7582 must be fully blocked by absorbing matter,and the soft emission is most likely the scattered component predicted by the AGN unified model.     

The Variability of the Narrow-line Seyfert 1 Galaxies from the Pan-STARRS's View

By means of the data sets from the Pan-STARRS1 survey,we have systematically examined the relationship between the variability characteristics and the physical ...