山东地区地震烈度衰减关系

本文利用山东省及其邻区14个地震的37条等震线拟合山东地区地震烈度衰减公式.I=2.419+1.429M-1.286ln(R+9)σ=0.43认为此公式可以在今后山东省地震烈度区划和工程地震危险性分析中应用.同时还简单地讨论了不同震级、不同岩性地区地震烈度衰减的差异问题.     

Geochemical characteristics and Sr‐Nd‐Hf isotope compositions of Late Triassic post‐collisional A‐type granites in Sarudik,SW Sumatra,Indonesia

Late Triassic A‐type granites are identified in this study in Sarudik, SW Sumatra. We present new data on zircon U–Pb geochronology, whole‐rock major and trace elements and Sr‐Nd‐Hf isotope geochemistry, aiming to study their petrogenesis and tectonic implications. LA‐ICP‐MS U–Pb dating of zircon separated from one biotite monzogranite sample yields a concordia age of 222.6 ±1.0 Ma, indicating a Late Triassic magmatic event. The studied granites are classified as weakly peralumious, high‐K calc‐alkaline granites. They exhibit high SiO₂, K₂O + Na₂O, FeO/(FeO + MgO) and Ga/Al ratios and low Al₂O₃, CaO, MgO, P₂O₅ and TiO₂ contents, with enrichment of Rb, Th and U and depletion of Ba, Sr, P and Eu, showing the features of A‐type granites. The granites have zircon ε_Hf(t) values from ?4.6 to ?0.4 and whole‐rock ε_Nd(t) values from ?5.51 to ?4.98, with Mesoproterozoic T_DM2 ages (1278–1544 Ma) for both Hf and Nd isotopes. Geochemical and isotopic data suggest that the source of these A‐type granites is the Mesoproterozoic continental crust, without significant incorporation of mantle‐derived component, and their formation is controlled by subsequent fractional crystallization. The Sarudik A‐type granites are further assigned to A2‐type formed in post‐collisional environment. Combined with previous knowledge on the western SE Asia tectonic evolution, we conclude that the formation of the Late Triassic A‐type granites is related to the post‐collisional extension induced by the crustal thickening, gravitational collapse, and asthenosphere upwelling following the collision between the Sibumasu and the East Malaya Block.     

地壳不同深度温压条件下花岗岩变形破坏及声发射时序特征.

不同深度温压条件下的三轴压缩实验结果表明,花岗岩强度随深度持续增加直至30ｋｍ左右．在地壳浅表部位,岩石破坏表现为低压突发或准突发失稳,破坏前后有分布大体均匀的声发射（acoustic emission,以下简称AE）事件发生;向下进入以渐进式破坏为特征的深度范围时,破坏前基本没有或仅有很少的、随时间逐渐稀疏的AE分布,破坏后也仅有极少的AE被记录到;在更深的以高压准突发失稳为特征的深度范围,破坏前依然AE极少,但破坏后伴随不等周期粘滑应力降的产生而有较多的AE被记录到;在更高的温压条件下（约26ｋｍ）,破坏形式为高压突发失稳,破坏前即有逐渐密集、累积频次呈指数增加的AE活动;在35ｋｍ 深度附近,岩石强度急剧降低,样品表现为半延性、延性渐进式破坏,无AE记录．声发射b值随深度增加似有减小的趋势,并且b值在岩石破坏前略小于破坏后．声发射时间序列奇异性强度因子的数值分布范围在18ｋｍ 左右深度的温压条件下最宽,表明其标度类型最多,结构最为复杂、无序;在浅部及更深部位的温压条件下均变窄．因而,当温压条件模拟真实的地壳深度向下改变时,微破裂时间序列奇异性强度因子的分布范围可能会经历由窄变宽、再由宽变窄的变化过程．      

汶川地震余震活动固体潮调制的统计分析

基于Schuster检验对汶川地震余震受固体潮的调制触发情况进行了系统的研究,包括对引潮力、潮汐应力和潮汐库仑破裂应力等触发地震情况的分时段分区段研究.结果表明,汶川北段2008年7月底至8月初的一组强余震受潮汐触发明显,引潮力、潮汐正应力及潮汐库仑破裂应力经Schuster检验平滑后均得到基本一致的结果.此外,汶川余震受半月潮的调制非常明显,北段余震多发生于上、下弦时段,南段地震多发生于上、下弦和望时段.     

2010年4月14日玉树MS7.1地震对余震的触发研究

研究了2010年4月14日青海玉树7.1级地震产生的静态库仑破裂应力变化对余震及区域地震活动空间分布的影响.在考虑震源区附近区域构造应力场的基础上,由震源区构造应力和主震破裂产生的应力叠加,计算得到最容易破裂的余震断层面,进而计算玉树主震在上述余震断层面上产生的库仑破裂静态应力变化.结果表明,库仑应力变化图像与余震分布较为吻合,说明玉树主震对大部分余震有触发作用.利用相同方法计算了玉树主震对周边更大范围内地震的应力触发影响,发现大部分区域地震活动空间分布与库仑应力变化图像基本一致,中小地震大多发生在正向触发区域,但量值较小.对余震断层面与主震完全一致的情形进行了同样的计算,与前述方法计算结果的对比显示,考虑区域应力场的计算方式所得库仑破裂应力变化图像,能够更好地与余震及区域中小地震空间分布图像相吻合.     

汶川地震余震活动固体潮调制的统计分析

A statistical analysis on the Wenchuan aftershock activity triggered by tidal forces is systematically studied based on Schusters test, including earthquakes triggered by tidal force, tidal stress and tidal coulomb failure stress. The results show that a group of strong aftershocks which occurred at the end of July to early August in 2008 at the north of Wenchuan were obviously triggered by earth tide, the same conclusion is drawn by Schusters smooth test of the tidal force, tidal stress and tidal coulomb failure stress. In addition, the Wenchuan aftershock activity is obviously triggered by fortnight tide. In the north, the aftershocks happened more frequently in the first and last quarters of the moon, and in the south, the aftershocks happened more frequently in the first and last quarters of the moon and during the full moon.     

2010年4月14日玉树Ms7.1地震对余震的触发研究

This paper calculates the static stress changes generated by the Yushu M_S 7. 1 earthquake in Qinghai Province. On the basis of regional stress,we take account of the static stress change triggered by the Yushu M_S 7. 1 earthquake to find the optimally oriented fault planes,then calculate the Coulomb stress change on the optimally oriented fault plane. The results indicate that most of the aftershocks are triggered by the mainshock. The image of Coulomb stress changes is also in accord with regional earthquakes ( M_L ≥3. 0 ) distribution,but the value is lower than 0. 01MPa. In addition,this paper calculates the Coulomb stress changes in the case that the aftershock fault plane is the same as the main shock. Through comparison,we find that the image of Coulomb stress changes obtained using the "optimally oriented fault"approach is more consistent with the distribution of Yushu aftershocks and regional earthquakes.     

余震活动机理研究综述

从介质和应力的不均匀性、力学加载、流体侵入及应力腐蚀、速率-状态依从等几方面对余震活动机理研究进行综述.已有的研究表明,介质和应力的不均匀性是余震产生的基本前提.瞬时蠕变和余滑观点能够从力学的角度解释震后极短时间内余震的快速衰减,而应力松弛过程更有利于解释长时期的余震活动特征.流体侵入及应力腐蚀在一定条件下控制着余震的演化过程.受主震应力扰动影响的断层间的相互作用,始终存在于余震的活动过程之中.各类模型和理论解释都在努力寻求与G-R关系和修改的大森公式这两个统计地震学基本关系的一致性.     

水库诱发地震震级预测的统计研究

于收集到的全球102例水库及已发地震的资料,应用隶属函数方法综合分析了水库基本属性、震中区岩性、库坝区基本烈度和震中区断层类型等与水库诱发地震之间的关系,从统计学角度给出了水库诱发最大地震震级的判定方法．通过回溯检验和费舍尔判别检验给出了预测震级的相对误差和正确识别率,总体预测效果较好,可为将来水库的设防和最大地震震级的判定提供统计学上的依据．      

新疆喀什-乌恰交汇区潮汐触发地震活动的统计检验

基于Schuster检验及Permutation检验方法,对喀什-乌恰交汇区地震活动受固体潮触发情况进行日尺度及月尺度检验。其中日尺度分别选取引潮力南北分量、东西分量及潮汐体应力作为潮汐曲线。研究结果显示,该地区地震活动均较多的发生于3种潮汐的最大值(相位0°)附近,优势发震相位分别为-5.86°、6.60°以及-15.52°,且发生地震的频次随潮汐力的增大而增加;利用3种潮汐曲线(引潮力日尺度南北分量、东西分量以及潮汐体应力)对所有地震进行Schuster检验所得pS值分别为10.52%、2.40%以及2.06%,Permutation检验所得pP值分别为10.90%、2.40%以及2.06%,其中基于引潮力东西分量及潮汐体应力的pS、pP值均低于潮汐触发地震的阈值0.05。月尺度Schuster检验pS值及Permutation检验pP值结果均非常小(接近于0),远低于潮汐触发地震阈值0.05,优势发震相位φ为-1.91°,较为接近月尺度下的固体潮最大值0°(即农历朔、望)。对潮汐触发地震的统计学检验结果即东西向潮汐触发效应大于南北向触发效应的原因进行了初步解释。