The Effect of the Earth's Rotation on Geotectonics

正 If we disregard the minor tectonic features, the world's principal mountain systems may be generalized and schematically represented in Fig. 1. This simplest pattern of geotectonics is very speculative. It leads us immediately to     

Note ona New Fusulinid Genus, Chusenella

正 Structurally, the more advanced forms of the fusulinids largely fall into two groups: the one represented, by Fusulina, Triticites, Schwagerina, Pseudo-schwagerina, "Parafusulina," Polydiexodina, etc., is characterized by a more or     

波浪操纵说

(一)通论谈天气学者,挽近可分三派:曰挪威派创自皮叶克纳司(V.Bjrk-ncs),其说以为天气之变化,其主因仅限于对流层内,是为极面学说(Polarfront-Theorie)。曰弗朗克孚(Frankfurt a.M.)派,以为天气之变化,其主因并不在于对流层,而在平流层中。此说导源于费干(H.v.Ficker)及德芳(A.Defant),但发挥而光大之,则为弗朗克孚大学已故教授司徒沸(G.ve)及其助手米盖(R.Mügge),是为平流层操纵说(Stratosphrische Steuerung)。曰来布齐(Leipzig)派,创自魏克孟(L.Weickmann),以为天气之演变,由于大气中波浪之起伏,此种波浪,既可导源于平流层,亦可导源于对流层,是为波浪操纵说(Wcllen-     

Imbricate thrust stack model for the formation of glaciotectonic rafts: an example from the Middle Pleistocene of north Norfolk, UK

In this article, we present a glaciotectonic model for raft emplacement based on a study of large-scale and small-scale deformation structures associated with the accretion of chalk rafts at three Middle Pleistocene sites on the north Norfolk coast, eastern England. Detailed structural measurements taken from the three localities indicate an overall sense of ice movement and raft emplacement towards the south/southeast, suggesting a source area for the rafts located to the north of the present Norfolk coast in the offshore area of the North Sea. Provenancing of the chalk rafts, based on analysis of the foraminifera, also indicates a northern nearshore provenance for the chalk. Mechanisms for the detachment, transport and accretion of the rafts are explored, and it is concluded that pressurized pore water played an important role in all three phases. An imbricate thrust stack model of glaciotectonic raft generation is presented, with the structural history of raft emplacement explained by the geometric relationships between the large-scale basal shear planes and associated deformation structures within adjacent preglacial and glacial sediments.     

贵州省遵义市降水中低分子有机酸对自由酸度的贡献

贵州省遵义市是我国酸雨高发地区,研究遵义降水中有机酸对自由酸度的贡献是认识遵义市有机酸地球化学循环和酸雨机制的重要内容。在遵义市中心城区进行了一年的降水采集,并利用离子色谱法和原子吸收光谱法对主要阴离子（包括无机和有机阴离子）和阳离子进行了测定。结果显示,年均pH值为4．11（范围3．12～6．04）,pH〈5．6的样品占93．1％,说明遵义市酸雨污染仍然严重;单因素方差分析显示四季的pH值存在显著差异（P〈0．05）,表明遵义市降水酸化程度具有显著的季节性特征;甲酸和乙酸的雨量加权平均值分别为9．29umol／L和6．47umol／L,检出率分别为98．68％和93．42％,表明有机酸在降水中广泛存在;应用热力学理论计算了有机酸对降水自由酸度的贡献量,发现在pH〈5的遵义降水中甲酸和乙酸对自由酸度的平均贡献量分别为14．79％和3．66％,表明有机酸对降水自由酸度具有重要贡献;对比显示,遵义市的有机酸贡献量低于边远地区,这与遵义市降水的低pH值和高无机酸度有关;四季的有机酸贡献量大小为：春季（31．95％）〉夏季（26．16％）〉冬季（11．17％）〉秋季（8．02％）,可见有机酸对自由酸度的贡献量存在明显的季节性变化。在低酸度和低水温的春季降水中,由于人类活动或有机物质的燃烧所释放的大量有机酸（如汽车尾气的排放、燃煤的燃烧）,促使有机酸对降水自由酸度的贡献量最高;其次是在低酸度和强降雨的夏季;而在低酸度的秋季和冬季,有机酸对酸度的贡献量相对最低。     

Underplating of Mesozoic Mantle-derived Magmas in Tongling, Anhui Province: Evidence from Megacrysts and Xenoliths

Lithological observations and mineralogical analyses on pyroxene and hornblende megacrysts and pyroxene and hornblende cumulates in xenoliths in the Mesozoic plutons of the Tongling region, Anhui Province, provide evidence for the magmatic underplating of mantle-derived alkali-olivine basalt at circa 140 Ma. The pyroxene and hornblende megacrysts and cumulates were formed through the AFC process at depths ranging from 27 to 35 km.     

西天山两侧前陆盆地晚新生代沉积特征及构造意义

天山两侧前陆盆地晚新生代地层发育,沉积厚度较大。盆地沉积序列的韵律性反映了天山造山带的构造演化历史。晚新生代沉积特征及孢粉组合表明,中新世一上新世一早更新世碎屑岩不稳定组分明显增加,阔叶植物花粉含量减少、耐干地喜早的蒿、藜等显著增加,反映天山活动性增强,上新世晚期天山强烈隆升,天山两侧前陆盆地上新世晚期开始出现磨拉石建造,由于山体隆升造成的大气环流改变,天山两侧盆地封闭性增强,大陆性气候流改变,天     

An englacial image and water pathways of the Fourcade glacier on King George Island, Antarctic Peninsula, inferred from ground-penetrating radar

The distribution of small fractures and water content of the Fourcade glacier on King George Island, Antarctica, was investigated in November 2006 and December 2007 by two ground-based (470-and 490-m-long profiles) and one helicopter-borne (470-m-long profile) ground-penetrating radar (GPR) surveys using 50-, 100-, and 500-MHz antennas. Radar images in the pre-migrated GPR sections are characterized by a smooth ice surface and irregular bed topography, numerous diffraction hyperbolas in the ice and at the g...     

Aqueous alteration in the matrix of the Vigarano (CV3) carbonaceous chondrite

Abstract The matrix of Vigarano, a meteorite which belongs to the reduced subgroup of the CV3 chondrites, contains small amounts (<10%) of ferrihydrite and smectite. These hydrous minerals occur together as fine fibrous intergrowths between anhydrous silicate and oxide grains. Coarser crystals of ferrihydrite fill fractures that cut matrix minerals, and smectite also lines narrow channels within olivine grains. These channels may have formed by preferential alteration of olivines along (100)-parallel defects. Formation of ferrihydrite and smectite in the matrix of Vigarano was the result of mild aqueous alteration in a low-temperature (<150 °C), oxidising parent body environment. Partial equilibration of matrix olivines indicates that alteration was followed by thermal metamorphism with a peak temperature of 400–500 °C. Mineralogically similar alteration products, which also were formed by parent body processes, have previously been described from the matrices of four CV meteorites: Bali, Grosnaja, Kaba and Mokoia, all of which belong to the oxidised subgroup. This discovery of the products of oxidative aqueous alteration in Vigarano has important consequences for understanding the chemical and thermal history of the CV class of meteorites.