天气雷达联防报自动编制和降水回波图打印系统

详细介绍了系统的功能和技术问题，系统是对天气雷达数字化终端的再开发，它由天气雷达联防报自动编制和降水回波图打印两部分组成。系统用８０８８宏汇编语言编程。使用这个系统显著提高了天气雷达业务工作的自动化程度和精确度。     

泾阳台地震持续时间震级公式MD初探

用最小二乘法处理泾阳台ＤＤ－１地震仪记录资料，拟合适于泾阳台由地震波持续时间求算近震震级ＭＤ的公式：ＭＤ＝２．７ｌｇｒ—２．４（Δ≤１０ｋｍ），ＭＤ＝２．２９ｌｇｒ＋０．００１１８Δ－２．２５（１０ｋｍ＜Δ≤５２０ｋｍ），并对震级ＭＬ和ＭＤ进行误差分析。     

Accidental torsion in buildings due to stiffness uncertainty

Discrepancies between the computed and actual values of the structural element stiffness imply that a building with nominally symmetric plan is actually asymmetric to some unknown degree and will undergo torsional vibration when subjected to purely translational ground motion. Such accidental torsion leads to increase in structural element deformations which is shown to be essentially insensitive to the uncoupled lateral vibration period of the system but is affected strongly by the ratio of uncoupled lateral and torsional vibration periods. The structural deformations increase, in the mean, by at most 10 and 5 per cent for R/C and steel buildings, respectively, and by much smaller amounts for a wide range of system parameters. The increase in structural deformations due to stiffness uncertainty is shown to be much smaller than implied by the accidental torsional provisions in the Uniform Building Code and most other building codes.     

Geochemistry and origin of volcanic rocks of the Andes (26°–28°S)

Mesozoic to Recent volcanic rocks from a transect of the Central Andes between latitudes 26 ° and 28 ° South in northern Chile and Argentina show chemical and temporal zonation with respect to the Peru-Chile trench. Jurassic to Eocene lavas occur closer to the trench and are comparable to calc-alkaline rocks of island arcs. Eastwards they are followed by Miocene to Quaternary sequences of typical continental margin calc-alkaline rocks which have higher contents of K, Rb, Sr, Ba, Zr, and REE and also higher K/Na and La/Yb ratios. The rocks occurring farthest from the trench have shoshonitic affinities. The distribution of major and trace elements is consistent with a model in which magmas were derived by anatexis of an upper mantle source already enriched in LILE and located above the descending oceanic slab. It is suggested that the chemical variations across the volcanic belt reflect systematic changes in the composition of the magmas due to a decreasing degree of partial melting with increasing depth, and probably also due to the heterogeneity of the source materials.     

Palaeomagnetism and K-Ar ages of triassic igneous rocks from the Ischigualasto-Ischichuca Basin and Puesto Viejo Formation,Argentina

The palaeomagnetism of Middle Triassic (224 ± 5 m.y.) igneous rocks from the Ischigualasto-Ischichuca Basin (67°40′W, 30°20′S) was investigated through 86 oriented hand samples from 11 sites. At least one reversal of the geomagnetic field has been found in these rocks. Nine sites yield a palaeomagnetic pole at 239°E, 79°S (α₉₅ = 15°, k = 13).The K-Ar age determinations of five igneous units of the Puesto Viejo Formation give a mean age of 232 ± 4 m.y. (Early Triassic). The palaeomagnetism of six igneous units of the Puesto Viejo Formation (68°W, 35°S) was investigated through 60 oriented samples. These units, two reversed relative to the present magnetic field of the Earth and four normal, yield a pole at 236°E, 76°S (α₉₅ = 18°, k = 14).Data from the Puesto Viejo Formation indicate, for the first time on the basis of palaeomagnetic and radiometric data, that the Illawarra Zone, which defines the end of the Kiaman Magnetic Interval, extends at least down to 232 ± 4 m.y. within the Early Triassic. The palaeomagnetic poles for the igneous rocks of the Ischigualasto-Ischichuca Basin and Puesto Viejo Formation form an “age group” with the South American Triassic palaeomagnetic poles (mean pole position: 239°E, 77°S; α₉₅ = 6.6°, k = 190). The Middle and Upper Permian, Triassic and Middle Jurassic palaeomagnetic poles for South America would define a “time group” reflecting a quasi-static interval (mean pole position: 232°E, 81°S; α₉₅ = 4°, k = 131).     

四川盆地侏罗系致密砂岩弹性特征及岩石物理建模

近年来围绕四川盆地侏罗系陆相致密砂岩已取得了勘探突破,其中川中—川西过渡带具备形成大气田的地质条件,但对该套致密砂岩弹性性质变化规律的研究还较少,致使利用地震方法进行"甜点"储层预测的精度不高.本文利用四川盆地侏罗系沙溪庙组32块样品开展了系统的声学测量,在此基础上,分析了样品弹性性质的变化规律.结合X射线衍射矿物组分分析、扫描电镜、铸体薄片和岩石薄片特征确定了不同成岩作用对岩石储集性能的影响.研究结果表明,研究区致密砂岩储层表现为孔隙型储层,受差异性成岩作用影响,黏土含量、钙质含量和硅质含量的差异以及它们分布特征之间的差异对岩石弹性性质造成了很大的影响.在研究区对岩石物性及弹性性质有明显影响的成岩作用包括早期的钙质胶结作用、压实作用和溶蚀作用,因此针对不同时期的成岩作用对岩石弹性及物性的影响,利用接触-胶结模型、微分等效模量模型和临界孔隙度校正的Hashin-Shtrikman上限模型建立了研究区致密砂岩的岩石物理模型.     

The andes of northwestern Argentina

This paper is a synthesis of the geological information available at present. The area studied comprises the Andes of Salta and Jujuy and the Puna; these geographical regions approximately correspond to the geological provinces of the Cordillera Oriental and the Puna.The geologic column comprises Precambrian metamorphics and intrusives, marine Lower Paleozoic, continental Upper Paleozoic, Cretaceous, and Upper Cenozoic. In the Puna, the Upper Cenozoic is characterized by extensive volcanism with dacitic and andesitic flows and tuffs, and with final basalt flows.Numerous unconformities have been recognized. In the Cordillera Oriental and in the basin range of the Puna, folds and faults occur, the latter are mainly high-angle reverse faults, dipping west in the eastern and east in the western portion of the area studied. The Cordillera Oriental, which is a shear zone at the eastern border of the Puna, is slightly younger than the Puna.

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Zusammenfassung Die vorliegende Arbeit stellt eine Zusammenfassung der augenblicklich vorhandenen geologischen Kenntnisse dar.Die Anden von Salta und Jujuy einerseits und die Puna andererseits sind die beiden geographischen Gebiete, mit denen sich die Untersuchungen befassen und die ungefähr mit den geologischen Provinzen der Ostkordillere und der Puna zusammenfallen.Die geologische Folge umfaßt metamorphe Gesteine und Intrusiva des Präkambriums, marine Sedimente des Alt-Paläozoikums, kontinentale Sedimente des Jung-Paläozoikums, der Kreide und des jüngeren Känozoikums, das letztere mit einem ausgedehnten vulkanischen Zyklus, aus dem dacitische und andesitische Laven und Tuffe hervorgingen, die mit basaltischen Ergüssen abschlossen.Es wurden zahlreiche Diskordanzen angetroffen. In der Ost-Kordillere und in den Gebirgsblöcken (basin range) der Puna besteht die Struktur aus Faltung und Klüftung. Die Mehrzahl der Klüfte sind inverse Störungen mit großer Sprunghöhe, die im östlichen Gebiet nach Westen und im westlichen nach Osten einfallen. Die Ost-Kordillere, die Scherzone am östlichen Rand der Puna, ist etwas jünger als letztere.

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Resumen El trabajo es una síntesis de la información geológica disponible en la actualidad. Los Andes de Salta y Jujuy y la Puna son las dos regiones geográficas que abarca la comarca en estudio, que corresponden aproximadamente a las provincias geológicas Cordillera Oriental y Puna.La columna geológica comprende metamorfitas y rocas intrusivas del Precámbrico, sedimentos marinos del Paleozoico inferior, sedimentos continentales del Paleozoico superior, Cretácico y Cenozoico superior. En esté último hubo un amplio ciclo volcánico, que originó coladas y tobas dacíticas y andesíticas y, finalmente, coladas basálticas.Se han reconocido varias discordancias. La estructura es de plegamiento y fallamiento en la Cordillera Oriental y de montañas de bloque en la Puna. En su mayoría, las fracturas son fallas inversas de alto-ángulo, que inclinan hacia el oeste en el tramo oriental y hacia el este en el tramo occidental. La Cordillera Oriental, zona de cizalla en el borde oriental de la Puna, es algo más joven que ésta.

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Résumé La présente contribution est une synthèse de toute l'information géologique disponible actuellement. Les régions étudíées sont, au point de vue géographique, les Andes de Salta et Jujuy et la Puna qui correspondent approximativement aux provinces géologiques de la Cordillera Oriental et de la Puna.Le Précambrien est représenté par des roches métamorphiques et intrusives. Au Paléozoïque inferieur correspondent des sédiments marins, tandis que des sédiments continentaux sont datés du Paléozoïque supérieur, du Crétacé et du Cénozoïque supérieur. Un important cycle volcanique est représenté par coulées et tufs dacitiques et andésitiques, couronnées par des coulées basaltiques.Plusieurs discordances ont été reconnues. La Cordillera Oriental et les montagne de la Puna présentent une structure de plissement et fracturation. La plupart des fractures sont inverses à fort pendange vers l'ouest du côté oriental et vers l'est du côté occidental. La Cordillera Oriental, la zone de cisaillement au bord oriental de la Puna, est plus jeune que celle-ci.

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Publication authorized by the Director, Dirección Nacional de Geología y Minería.     

Effects of the Jessica oil spill on artisanal fisheries in the Galápagos

In contrast to local perceptions, the impact on the local Galápagos artisanal fishery of the 16 January 2001 grounding of the Jessica and subsequent oil spill was relatively minor. No significant changes in fishing effort, total fishing catches or catch-per-unit effort were detected after the spill based on analyses of fisheries monitoring data. Nevertheless, large boats tended to move away from sites near the path of the spill following the grounding in 2001, with no fishing recorded from the oil-affected regions of Floreana and southern Isabela in February 2001. The total fishing effort of small boats operating from the Jessica-grounding island of San Cristóbal also declined immediately after the spill, probably in part because such boats were used in clean up operations. During 2001, prices paid to fishers remained stable at levels higher than in 2000, with the notable anomaly that prices fell precipitously to 30% of previous levels during a 1-2 week period in early February 2001. Fish exports remained at similar levels for the years 2000 and 2001; however, as in the previous year, little fish product was exported from Galápagos in the month following the spill, with most fish product dried and stored for up to two months prior to transport to the continent.