德州市浅层地下水水质演化

德州市属于典型的黄河下游冲积平原孔隙水水文地质区.该地区具有咸、淡两种水体共存的独特水环境特征,淡水天然的水环境条件非常敏感和脆弱.由于持续开采地下水,使该区域地下水的水动力场和水化学场发生了较大变化.根据德州市1996-2007年的地下水水质监测数据,论述了浅层地下水的水质特征,分析研究了浅层地下水的水质演化.结果表明:在开采条件和自然条件的共同作用下,浅层地下水水质不断演化,其中变化比较明显的水质指标是总硬度、矿化度和Cl-等.在区内齐河县、夏津县的苏留庄等一带,水动力场的变化导致地下水的矿化作用减弱,浅层地下水的矿化度、总硬度有所降低,水质趋向淡化.在宁津县、禹城市的张庄乡等一带,水动力场的变化导致地下水的矿化作用增强,浅层地下水的矿化度、总硬度明显升高,水质持续咸化.针对研究区地下水水质的演化趋势,提出了使微咸水逐渐向淡水方向演化的水质调控措施.     

共存镉/铜对沉积物(生物膜)中主要组分吸附阿特拉津的影响

采用选择性萃取分离技术对沉积物(生物膜)中非残渣态组分(铁、锰氧化物和有机质)进行分离,研究阿特拉津(atrazine,AT)-Cd-Cu系中共存重金属对选择性萃取前后沉积物(生物膜)吸附AT的影响.研究结果表明:共存体系中,沉积物(生物膜)中铁氧化物对AT的吸附贡献最大,其次是有机质,而锰氧化物则抑制AT的吸附;共存镉促进了AT在沉积物(生物膜)原样及各非残渣态组分上的吸附,镉质量浓度为0.2 mg/L时,促进作用最显著,各组分对阿特拉津的吸附贡献增加了3.20%～32.31%(沉积物)和1.61%～17.10%(生物膜),但随镉质量浓度的增加,其促进作用减弱;共存铜抑制沉积物(生物膜)原样及铁氧化物、有机质对AT的吸附,铜质量浓度为75.0 mg/L时,其抑制作用最强,铁氧化物和有机质对阿特拉津的吸附贡献分别降低了29.21%、22.36%(沉积物)和9.46%、77.27%(生物膜),但同时减弱了锰氧化物对AT吸附的抑制作用,其吸附贡献分别提高了28.98%(沉积物)和17.46%(生物膜).     

上海市区承压含水层结构类型分区

上海地区与工程建设密切相关的承压水主要赋存于微承压、第一、第二承压含水层中。本文在上海市区关键土层地质编图的基础上,针对与工程建设密切相关的承压含水层的分布特征,进行承压含水层的结构类型分区,为工程降水设计提供参考。     

Pedo-geochemical baseline content levels and soil quality reference values of trace elements in soils from the Mediterranean (Castilla La Mancha, Spain)

To evaluate trace element soil contamination, geochemical baseline contents and reference values need to be established. Pedo-geochemical baseline levels of trace elements in 72 soil samples of 24 soil profiles from the Mediterranean, Castilla La Mancha, are assessed and soil quality reference values are calculated. Reference value contents (in mg kg^?1) were: Sc 50.8; V 123.2; Cr 113.4; Co 20.8; Ni 42.6; Cu 27.0; Zn 86.5; Ga 26.7; Ge 1.3; As 16.7; Se 1.4; Br 20.1; Rb 234.7; Sr 1868.4; Y 38.3; Zr 413.1; Nb 18.7; Mo 2.0; Ag 7.8; Cd 4.4; Sn 8.7; Sb 5.7; I 25.4; Cs 14.2; Ba 1049.3; La 348.4; Ce 97.9; Nd 40.1; Sm 10.7; Yb 4.2; Hf 10.0; Ta 4.0; W 5.5; Tl 2.3; Pb 44.2; Bi 2.2; Th 21.6; U 10.3. The contents obtained for some elements are below or close to the detection limit: Co, Ge, Se, Mo, Ag, Cd, Sb, Yb, Hf, Ta, W, Tl and Bi. The element content ranges (the maximum value minus the minimum value) are: Sc 55.0, V 196.0, Cr 346.0, Co 64.4, Ni 188.7, Cu 49.5, Zn 102.3, Ga 28.7, Ge 1.5, As 26.4, Se 0.9, Br 33.0 Rb 432.7, Sr 3372.6, Y 39.8, Zr 523.2, Nb 59.7, Mo 3.9, Ag 10.1, Cd 1.8, Sn 75.2, Sb 9.9, I 68.0, Cs 17.6, Ba 1394.9, La 51.3, Ce 93.5, Nd 52.5, Sm 11.2, Yb 4.2, Hf 11.3, Ta 6.3, W 5.2, Tl 2.1, Pb 96.4, Bi 3.0, Th 24.4, U 16.4 (in mg kg^?1). The spatial distribution of the elements was affected mainly by the nature of the bedrock and by pedological processes. The upper limit of expected background variation for each trace element in the soil is documented, as is its range as a criterion for evaluating which sites may require decontamination.     

郑州市大气气溶胶数浓度和质量浓度时空变化研究

利用激光粒子计数器和颗粒物自动测定仪测量的郑州市大气气溶胶粒子的数浓度和质量浓度,分析了局地气溶胶的干沉降和湿沉降以及郑州市大气气溶胶数浓度和质量浓度的时空变化,结果表明:郑州市局地区域大气气溶胶中粒径≥2μm的粒子,沉降速度随粒径的增大而增大,而粒径≤0.3μm的粒子,沉降速度变化不大;湿沉降率大于干沉降率。气溶胶浓度有明显的日变化特征,17:00-19:00为最高峰,6:00-9:00为次高峰,这是早晨及下午上下班汽车运行高峰期向大气排放的尾气和汽车扬尘所致。在垂直分布上,45-80 m处的粒子数多于1.5 m处的粒子数;在水平分布上,交通建筑区内的浓度高于其他功能区的浓度。     

Atmospheric dust variability from Arabia and China over the last 500,000 years

Atmospheric mineral dust aerosols affect Earth’s radiative balance and are an important climate forcing and feedback mechanism. Dust is argued to have played an important role in past natural climate changes through glacial cycles, yet temporal and spatial dust variability remain poorly constrained, with scientific understanding of uncertainties associated with radiative perturbations due to mineral dust classified as “very low”. To advance understanding of the dust cycle, we present a high-resolution dust record from the Red Sea, sourced principally from Arabia, with a precise chronology relative to global sea level/ice volume variability. Our record correlates well with a high-resolution Asian dust record from the Chinese Loess Plateau. Importing our age model from the Red Sea to the Chinese Loess Plateau provides a first detailed millennial-scale age model for the Chinese loess, which has been notoriously difficult to date at this resolution and provides a basis for inter-regional correlation of Chinese dust records. We observe a high baseline of dust emissions from Arabia and China, even through interglacials, with strong superimposed millennial-scale variability. Conversely, the distal EPICA Dome C Antarctic ice core record, which is widely used to calculate the radiative impact of dust variations, appears biased to sharply delineated glacial/interglacial contrasts. Calculations based on this Antarctic dust record will therefore overestimate the radiative contrast of atmospheric dust loadings on glacial/interglacial timescales. Additional differences between Arabian/Asian and circum-Saharan records reveal that climate models could be improved by avoiding ‘global mean’ dust considerations and instead including large-scale regions with different dust source variability.     

射电源的谱指数

文章研究了162个射电源,其中包括了47个BL Lacs ,21个galaxies ,94个平谱射电类星体( FSRQs ) ,这些源是通过Michigan大学的26m的射电望远镜观测的。大多数源都包含了3个波段的观测数据:4 .8GHz ,8GHz和14 .5GHz。文中计算了3个子类的平均的流量密度,并且得到了相应的谱指数(αwei) ,αBL=0 .08±0 .28 ,αGAL=-0 .91±0 .32 ,αFSRQ=-0 .14±0 .4。同时也讨论了这些源的射电性质,其中包含了谱指数,流量密度和红移之间的关系,流量密度和谱指数之间的关系。     

英语教学网站辅助大学英语教学的实践与反思

详细探讨了英语教学网站在大学英语教学中的辅助作用.并在自主学习模式这一教学理念的指导下,介绍了英语教学网站的实现过程和管理使用方式,同时论证了在大学英语教学中应用教学网站所具有的独特优势以及注意事项.