山区恒温库雷电防护设计

介绍了山区恒温库的建筑、设施及周围环境,对恒温库的防雷类别进行了计算,根据实际情况,从直击雷、雷击电磁脉冲等各方面对该恒温库进行了具体的防护措施设计。对不符合规范的地方提出了整改意见,以保证恒温库的安全,从而达到降低雷电灾害的目的。     

如皋观测场搬迁前后气温对比分析

针对如皋观测场搬迁后气温偏低的现象,本文对产生这种现象的原因从环境条件、天气过程、土壤土质做了专题分析,结果表明:这种现象是多种因素共同作用的结果,其中最主要的是:(1)观测场环境变化是形成气温偏低的重要原因.(2)观测场所在地的土壤母质等地质背景是形成气温差异的条件之一.(3)冷空气的直接影响为气温差异提供了有利的背景.经分析揭示出:如皋观测场搬迁后的气温偏低现象是更自然地反映了大气自然状况.     

2006年6月皖北龙卷多普勒雷达产品分析

分析了2006年6月29日发生在安徽泗县的龙卷多普勒雷达的中气旋和龙卷涡旋特征（TVS）等产品。龙卷发生前,卫星云图上有3个对流云团呈东北—西南向排列,每个云团的东南侧有弓状回波发展,3条弓状回波首尾相连,也呈东北-西南向排列,龙卷发生在最西南的弓状回波的顶部。龙卷发生前弓状回波在上游产生了短时强降水,2 h降水量达到60 mm以上。在弓状回波的前沿,雷达探测到一系列的中气旋,龙卷发生前30 min,最西南的弓状回波追上其前面的回波带,发生了2个回波带合并,回波合并前,回波带上有2个中气旋,回波合并后,探测到一个特大直径的中气旋（径向直径25.8 km）。在龙卷发生地的上游,有一条带状的灾害性大风区,实地位置测定结果,该带状大风区与一系列中气旋最大风速圈的南边缘移过的路径一致。分析认为中气旋最大风速圈的南边缘,中气旋的风向与弓状回波后的直线风方向相同,两者叠加造成灾害性大风。出现龙卷1 h 40 min之前（05：00）,在泗县上游淮北地区,雷达开始探测到中气旋产品,在12 min之前探测到TVS（龙卷涡旋特征）产品,这些雷达产品对大风灾害的临近预报无疑是非常有用的。     

The Adaptive Wavelet Collocation Method and Its Application in Front Simulation

The adaptive wavelet collocation method(AWCM)is a variable grid technology for solving partial differential equations(PDEs)with high singularities.Based on interpolating wavelets,the AWCM adapts the grid so that a higher resolution is automatically attributed to domain regions with high singularities. Accuracy problems with the AWCM have been reported in the literature,and in this paper problems of effciency with the AWCM are discussed in detail through a simple one-dimensional(1D)nonlinear advection equation whose analytic solution is easily obtained.A simple and effcient implementation of the AWCM is investigated.Through studying the maximum errors at the moment of frontogenesis of the 1D nonlinear advection equation with different initial values and a comparison with the finite difference method(FDM) on a uniform grid,the AWCM shows good potential for modeling the front effciently.The AWCM is also applied to a two-dimensional(2D)unbalanced frontogenesis model in its first attempt at numerical simulation of a meteorological front.Some important characteristics about the model are revealed by the new scheme.     

阿克达拉可吸入颗粒物本底浓度变化特征

通过阿克达拉区域大气本底站2007年全年监测发现,以北疆经济区为背景区域的大气中PMIO的年平均本底浓度为10.08Ug/m3.可吸入颗粒物的本底浓度采暖期是非采暖期的两倍左右.可吸入颗粒物本底浓度季节变化特征明显,月平均本底浓度最高为12月,次高为3月.PMIO本底浓度的日变化不规则但基本呈上升趋势,PM1.0和PM2.5的本底浓度日变化呈双峰双谷特征,本底浓度1d内的最高值和次高值出现的时间段与城市相关研究结果相反.     

Spatial Distribution of HOCN Around Sagittarius B2

HOCN and HNCO abundance ratio in molecular gas can tell us the information of their formation mechanism.We performed high-sensitivity mapping observations of HO...     

四川盆地西北部中三叠统雷口坡组滩体及储集性

根据四川盆地西北部中三叠统雷口坡组野外剖面及钻井岩心的宏观及微观特征,结合常规物性资料,对区内滩体的类型及特征、储集性能及其影响因素和分布进行了较为详细的研究。认为区内有内碎屑滩、藻粘结颗粒滩、核形石滩和鲕粒滩4类滩体,内碎屑滩和藻粘结颗粒滩广泛分布于中46井—杨家岩一线的雷三段,核形石滩集中于江油观音滩的雷三段下亚段,鲕粒滩集中于绵竹的雷四段中上部。这些高能滩体是局限陆表海和开阔陆缘海环境的产物,受后期成岩作用改造强烈,储集性差异大,雷三段中—上亚段的内碎屑滩和藻粘结颗粒滩在表生期岩溶作用和埋藏期溶蚀作用的共同改造下,储集空间内充填的石膏、石盐和方解石发生溶解,晶间溶孔、粒间溶孔、粒内溶孔、藻粘结“格架”溶孔和小溶洞发育,成为区内最有利的储集体,它们主要分布于中46井—鱼1井区块。     

Late Quaternary glaciation history of Isla de los Estados,southeasternmost South America

Isla de los Estados is a mountainous island southeast of Tierra del Fuego, in southernmost South America. Its central and eastern parts have an alpine topography, transected by U-shaped valleys, small, partly over-deepened fjords, and a multitude of abandoned cirques, all associated with extensive former local glaciations. Traces of glacial erosion generally reach 400–450 m a.s.l., and above that trimline a distinct sharp-edged nunatak derived landscape is present. The westernmost part of the island has a lower, more subdued topography, reflecting its “softer” geology but possibly also over-running and erosion by mainland-derived ice streams. The present study concentrated on glacigenic sediment sequences exposed along coastal erosional cliffs. A combination of OSL and ¹⁴C datings show that these sediments mostly date from the latest (Wisconsinan/Weichselian) glacial cycle, i.e. from the last ca. 100 ka with the oldest (glaciolacustrine) deposits possibly as old as 90–80 ka. The upper parts of overlying tills, with associated lateral and terminal moraines from glaciers that expanded onto an eustatically exposed dry shelf north of the island, date from the last global glacial maximum (LGM). Radiocarbon ages of peat and lake sediments indicate that deglaciation began 17–16 cal ka BP.     

Comparison of testing techniques and models for establishing the SWCC of riverbank soils

The soil water characteristic curve (SWCC), also known as soil water retention curve (SWRC), describes the relationship between water content and soil suction in unsaturated soils. Water content and suction affect the permeability, shear strength, volume change and deformability of unsaturated soils. This paper presents results of the laboratory determination of the SWCC for soil samples obtained from the riverbank of the Lower Roanoke River in North Carolina. Six different testing methods were used to establish the SWCC including the filter paper, dewpoint potentiameter, vapor equilibrium, pressure plate, Tempe cell and osmotic methods. It is concluded that each suction measurement technique provides different measurable ranges of suction values, and the combined results from the different tests provide continuous SWCCs. Three widely available models were also shown to adequately fit the experimental SWCC data, particularly for matric suction values under 1500 kPa. These results will be valuable to practitioners in deciding which methods to use to establish the SWCC, and which empirical relationship to use for modeling the SWCC of riverbank soils.     

明渠恒定渐变流底坡计算研究

在渠道设计中,通常按明渠均匀流计算渠道底坡.当渠道较短时,不能形成均匀流,则需按恒定渐变流理论计算渠道底坡,至今尚未发现探讨该类问题的文献.因此本文结合工程实例,分析了四种类型的水面线和渠道底坡间的关系,以及相应的底坡搜索区间,最后用性能稳健的二分法计算出了渠道底坡值.