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821.
822.
1. Introduction The soil moisture plays an important role in in- fluencing the climate change by altering the surface albedo, soil heat capacity and the heat flux between air and land (Ma et al., 2001). Near-surface soil mois- ture controls the partitioni… 相似文献
823.
Using the radius of gyration from fractal theory, this paper describes the calculation of fractal dimensions for the four tiers of central places in the Jilin Central Urban Agglomeration(JCUA), Jilin Province, China and the structural characteristics of each tier: 1) the 1st tier central place, Changchun Proper(not including Shuangyang District), provides the most service functions and has the most stable primate position; 2) the 2nd tier central places, Jilin Proper, Siping Proper, Liaoyuan Proper and Songyuan Proper have unclear statuses and do not provide certain functions; 3) the 3rd tier central places comprise 23 county-level cities, counties and urban districts(including Shuangyang District of Changchun), exhibiting a dense spatial structure that agrees with theory; 4) the 4th tier contains the largest number of central places(248 designated towns), but they are loosely distributed. In this study, a spatial image of the JCUA was created, based on vectorized data of the urban settlement distribution, which was then modified and abstracted to create a hexagonal network covering the JCUA. Compared to the traditional central place model, the modified spatial image conforms to the K = 3 principle. In reality, however, the growth of some 3rd tier central places should be increased with the cities being upgraded to the 2nd tier so as to overcome that tier′s functional deficiency. The loose distribution in the 4th tier should also be changed. This apparent anomaly can be explained by the fact that the classic hexagon model used to describe the way market areas layout does not exist in the real world. However, this should not be viewed as an obstacle to using central place theory. If its assumptions are properly applied, it can still assist research into the spatial structure of regions. 相似文献
824.
The Niumiangou landslide was the largest landslide triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, which was significantly affected by the amplification effect of seismic acceleration. The ringshear experiments indicated that the materials in the source area of the Niumiangou landslide were subjected to friction degradation under a big shear displacement, which may result in rapid movement of the landslide. In order to better understand the landslide movement and study the effect of the friction degradation on movement mechanisms, the dynamic process of Niumiangou landslide was simulated with a new numerical method, which combines the finite difference method(FDM) and the discontinuous deformation analysis(DDA). First, the FDM was used to study the initiation time, amplification effect and velocity of the landslide. Afterwards, these initiation velocities were applied to the blocks in the DDA model by corresponding coordination in the FDM model. A displacementdependent friction model of the sliding surface was incorporated into DDA code to further understand the kinetic behavior of the landslide. The results show that the displacement-dependent friction strongly decreases the friction coefficient of sliding surface under a big displacement, which can obviously promote the run-out and velocity of landslide. The model output well matches the topographic map formed by the landslide. This implies that the proposed model can be applied to the simulation of earthquake-induced landslides with amplification effect, and the friction degradation model is important to clarify the movement mechanism of high-speed and long-distance landslides. 相似文献
825.
黄建军 《地球科学与环境学报》2015,(3):81-86
通过分析地质构造的生态学涵义,指出构造运动既是地球大循环的动力起源,也是生态环境生物小循环的物质基础与空间载体,揭示了地质构造影响生态环境的一般规律,进而得出地质构造是区域生态环境形成机制的决定性因素。基于波浪镶嵌构造学说所揭示的构造运动规律,探讨秦岭构造带对陕西气候和生态环境的控制作用。结果表明:秦岭在构造上的特殊位置导致了秦岭地区构造运动显著而复杂,从而形成中国大陆中东部气候的南北分界线,形成陕西特殊的天气系统、气候综合效应,进而在秦岭形成区成为联系广泛、成分极为复杂的生物多样性中心;构造运动规律与生态环境区域差异性之间存在一定耦合规律,波浪镶嵌构造学说揭示的构造运动规律成为揭示区域生态环境分异规律和生态环境问题形成机制的有效途径。 相似文献
826.
本文研究了28M⊙和7M⊙恒星由主序到红巨星和AGB星阶段的演化.结果发现,湍流压的存在对质量较大的7M⊙恒星的内部结构有较大的影响,它将使氢燃烧壳层明显变厚并较早地消失;使恒星中心的温度降低;使HR图中的演化轨迹向温度降低和光度减小的方向变化;使氢壳层燃烧出现周期性脉动;氦壳层的热脉动周期变短等等.但是,对于质量较小的28M⊙恒星,湍流压的效应很微小. 相似文献
827.
828.
829.
在讨论了各种GIS网络应用方式的基础上,提出一种基于主流GIS空间数据库和自主开发的中间件的GIS网络应用解决方案。并分析了广州市城市规划局采用该方案实现宽带城域网环境下的GIS应用实例。 相似文献
830.