MM5模式对2008年1月25—30日我国南方强冰雪过程的数值模拟

利用NECP 1°×1°6 h再分析资料,分析2008年1月25-30日我国南方一次强降雪天气的大尺度环流形势.结果表明,高空环流波动为此次强降雪提供了有利的高空环流形势,中低层阻塞高压及其南部低涡的长期维持是导致低层锋区形成和强降雪发生的关键;由于部分地区大气垂直结构呈上下冷、中间暖的状态,致使冻雨形成.同时,利用中尺度模式MM5对此次过程进行72 h数值模拟,并以模拟结果对湖南湘潭的冰冻成因进行再分析,进一步证实了低层低温、逆温层的存在及充足的水汽是冰冻形成的主要原因.     

构造和气候共同控制下的藏南热隆盆地中更新世以来的演化

热隆盆地是亚东－谷露裂谷系南部, 由宁金抗沙西麓断裂控制的断陷盆地, 根据野外地质调查、 遥感(RS)和数字高程模型(DEM)分析, 盆地内发育有三期洪积扇, 形成时代分别在中更新世中期(第一期)、 中更新世中期至晚更新世早期(第二期)、 晚更新世晚期(第三期)。 这三期洪积扇的发育分别对应于间冰期和间冰阶的高温大降水时期, 表明在第四纪以来, 由于间冰期与间冰阶期的到来, 温度升高, 降雨量增加, 地表径流作用增强, 先成洪积扇被破坏, 新洪积扇形成。 盆地内自中更新世中晚期以来剥蚀程度自北向南减弱, 表明在整体抬升的背景下, 由于宁金抗沙西麓断裂的活动, 使得盆地北部基岩抬升速率大于南部, 形成自北向南的掀斜。     

煤层气在煤储层中的扩散及其影响因素

煤层气在煤储层中的扩散是指从煤基质孔隙表面上解吸的煤层气运移到割理系统的主要过程。发生扩散的前提条件是气体浓度差的出现，衡量扩散能力大小的重要参数是扩散系数。前者为由解吸速度、解吸气量和煤层气产量、井孔压力降等因素控制的动态参数，而后者为主要受扩散物质性质、扩散介质特征、扩散系统的温度、压力和孔隙结构形态等因素影响的静态参数。煤层气在煤储层中的扩散量与煤层气浓度差和扩散系数呈正比关系。     

Multi-scale Characteristics and Comprehensive Evaluation of Precipitation Heterogeneity in Guangxi

Aiming at the uneven spatial and temporal distribution of precipitation and frequent occurrence of drought and waterlogging disasters in Guangxi, the multi-scale characteristics and comprehensive evaluation of precipitation heterogeneity can provide scientific support for regional response to drought and waterlogging disasters and intelligent management of water resources. Based on the daily precipitation data of 87 grid points from 1961 to 2017 in Guangxi, the Precipitation Concentration Degree (PCD) and Precipitation Concentration Period (PCP) index were used to build day, pentad, ten days, month, season precipitation heterogeneity of multiple time scale level evaluation system. By using R/S analysis and geographical spatial analysis methods, the space-time evolution characteristics and climate division in Guangxi were discussed. The study showed that the spatial and temporal variation characteristics of PCD and PCP at the diurnal, synoptic and monthly scales were relatively consistent, and the heterogeneity of precipitation in Guangxi could be better expressed than that at the monthly and seasonal scales. The diachronic change of PCD in precipitation in Guangxi shows an increasing trend in northeast China and a decreasing trend in southwest China, and the trend of its future period is the same as the diachronic evolution. The spatial distribution of PCD in Guangxi has significant spatial autocorrelation and stratification heterogeneity, which are mainly reflected in the mean value, coefficient of variation and frequency of PCD. The comprehensive heterogeneity of precipitation in Guangxi is highly dispersed in the northeast, highly concentrated in the south, and slightly concentrated or dispersed in the northwest and central regions. The time-scale within a month is the best scale to express the non-uniformity of precipitation in Guangxi. If the advantages of more stable climatic and ten-day scales and more fine daily scales are taken into account, the use of climatic scale for daily sliding calculation and analysis will be the best way.     

中国黄海沿岸地区环境与社会经济地域关联分析

从地域的角度出发,在分析黄海沿岸地区环境地域结构和社会经济结构的基础上,探讨了二者之间关联联系,并确定了不同地域类型改善环境质量的社会经济调控主导方向     

城市地质调查标准化建设系统

城市地质调查工作是优化城市空间结构、建设智慧城市、提高城市宜居水平的基础保障和重要支撑。笔者立足于新时期城市发展建设需求,建立了包括空间、资源、环境、灾害等方面的多要素城市地质调查系统;在全面借鉴国外发达城市有益经验的基础上,充分考虑国家政策导向,从工作内容、技术方法、成果应用3个维度分别提出了城市地质调查8个子系统的标准化建设方案;根据全球地学发展潮流和多学科交叉融合的时代特征,尝试提出了城市地质调查创新系统的未来建设,旨在探索城市地质调查的新途径、新思路和新方法。     

Comparative Planetary Space Physics

It has been 60 years since the space physics as new branch of geophysics started to grow in 1957 when the space age was opened by a small satellite called sputnik. The knowledge of Earth and planetary space has been significantly extended and deepened, but the questions we are facing today are more challenging. A consensus reached is that we have to regard the Earth (planet) as an integrated system including all spheres from the inner core to the magnetosphere, and we should try to investigate some questions standing on the ground of interdisciplinary study, especially those questions related to Earth’s (planetary) evolution. Space environment as the outer part of a planetary system, commonly exists in all planets but also exhibits strong diversity. Here, we introduce the short history of basic ideas and methods of comparative study, the advantages on understanding of some issues of global scale, and the prospect from comparative perspective.     

毕节煤矿区晚二叠世煤层稀土元素的物质来源

对取自毕节地区晚二叠世11个可采煤层的13个样品的稀土元素(REE)的物质来源进行分析。发现:海洋来源对稀土元素的富集作用极其微弱;来自植物成因的物质来源小于1%;煤样中δEu负异常,而陆源岩具有Eu负异常的特点。结合晚二叠世多期喷发的峨眉山玄武岩,因此认为稀土元素的物质来源主要受陆源影响和控制。     

搅拌桩复合地基平面模拟的简化方法探讨

水泥土搅拌桩(DMM)在高速公路工程中得到广泛应用,人们也希望能对该复合地基在路堤荷载下的地基的变形深入了解,其数值分析是一种重要的方法。但是,采用三维有限元进行数值模拟在高速公路工程中容易造成数组过大,计算时间并且收敛性比较差,因此把三维问题简化为二维问题是众望所归。在把三维问题简化二维平面问题简化计算时,最重要的是参数的折减。基于水泥土搅拌桩复合地基的特性,结合理论分析提出了一种参数折减的方法。并依据连盐高速公路实测的数据验证了该参数简化方法的可行性。     

2004年春季沙尘天气对和田市空气质量的影响

利用沙尘暴监测网数据、常规气象资料以及MICAPS系统环流形势资料,对和田市2004年春季沙尘天气产生的污染进行了详细的对比分析。研究结果表明：和田市春季污染相当严重,主要以沙尘污染为主。整个春季79％时间API（环境污染指数）指数均达到500,且45％时间可吸入颗粒物PM10在TSP巾的浓度比例达50％。不同天气系统对和田市空气的污染贡献不同。从东路影响和田市的天气系统、高压底部型地面系统和浮尘天气所造成空气污染相当严重。其余天气系统和天气现象所产生的污染较小。