Microstructure characteristics and forming environment of late Quaternary Period loess in the Loess Plateau of China

Since the late Quaternary Period, the rapid rising of the northeastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau has greatly changed the East Asian climate and formed different regional monsoon climates. Various microstructures of the loess in northern China have formed under a variety of climatic conditions. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy spectrum analysis are used in this paper to study the relationship between the indexes of loess microstructures and the forming climates, and the indexes include the diameter of sand grains, Ca/Fe value and the characteristic shapes of the loess from SEM microstructures pictures. In terms of their respective climatic circumstances, the major microstructures of regional loess may be classified into nine categories according to their forms and particle sizes, such as loess formed in near-sand source, loess of granule sand dropping, and loess formed in hot and rainy places, i.e. with the loess SEM pictures, climates of about 15 ka b.p. in different places may be evaluated. In conclusion, the clear and distinguishable loess microstructures and their indexes in the Loess Plateau of China can also deduce the evolution of climate, such as warm or cold and wet or dry, and even sandstorm activities when the loess is deposited.     

多点地质统计学建模研究进展

从精细油藏描述中地质建模的意义和现状入手,介绍了多点地质统计学建模研究现状及其与传统地质建模方法的差 异。以辽河盆地西部凹陷某蒸汽驱试验区为例,分析了多点地质统计学建模中建模的基础、训练图像的建立、多点地质统计学 建模与传统地质建模相比所具有的优势等内容。指出多点地质统计学在井间预测方面具有明显优于其他传统建模方法的特 点。在文献调研基础上,结合自身工作实践,探讨了多点地质统计学建模目前存在的问题和未来的发展方向。指出未来多点 地质统计学建模的发展方向主要包括多信息综合地质成因分析基础上的训练图像获取、多点地质统计学算法进行改进和完善 和多点地质统计学建模方法应用领域的扩大等。     

夏季湖北电网气象敏感负荷预测模型研究

利用2009-2010年湖北电网日用电负荷资料和气象资料,提出了基于电网负荷的分解算法,将电网日最大负荷分解为基础负荷与气象敏感负荷2个主要分量.其中,气象敏感负荷与气温、相对湿度及风速的综合气象敏感负荷条件指数相关.提出了基于权重指数的湖北省面平均气象敏感负荷条件指数的算法.利用相关比法,分析了湖北省气象敏感负荷与面均气象敏感负荷条件指数的非线性关系.基于均方偏差最小原理和非线性最小二乘法,建立了夏季湖北电网气象敏感负荷与面均气象敏感负荷条件指数的多项式预测关系模型.经2010年9月模型应用检验表明,预测平均误差低于6％.该模型可用于夏季湖北省电力专业气象服务工作.     

二郎山公路隧道岩爆特征与预测研究

根据二郎山公路隧道施工中记录的200多次岩爆资料,总结隧道的岩爆特征,并采用"地质超前预报法"和"σθ/Rb判据现场测定预测法"两种方法,对岩爆预测问题进行有益探讨.     

地震前兆异常时间分布非线性特征的初步探讨——以海城地震和唐山地震为例

震源系统是一个与外界既有物质交换又有能量交换的耗散系统,在其发展演化过程中会经历一系列的分岔突变。作者运用非线性动力学的方法,分析了海城地震和唐山地震的前兆资料。研究结果表明,前兆异常活动具有阶段性,相邻两个异常阶段的持续时间的比值为一常量(5左右)。这种前兆时间分布规律可用震源体内应变能密度随孕震时间的增加发生倍周期分岔进行解析。它可用于预测主震的发生时间     

马尼希基海底高原重力均衡及其构造意义研究

采用三维导纳分析技术,联合海底地形和重力异常数据,对马尼希基海底高原重力均衡状况进行了分析研究,并结合地震学等研究成果,分析其构造意义。马尼希基海底高原海底地形与重力异常相干性在长波部分(大于100 km)相对较小,说明高原地壳底部存在低密度异常,并且,根据Airy均衡分析,这种低密度异常并非完全由洋壳对海底地形的均衡调整引起,推测高原地壳底部存在由岩装“板垫作用”(crustal under-plating)形成的低密度异常体,即“底部载荷”。马尼希基海底高原短波海底地形符合Airy均衡,据此分析获得高原地区洋壳厚度为22. 7 km,与地震研究结果一致。岩石圈挠曲均衡分析表明,马尼希基海底高原岩石圈有效弹性厚度为2.5-5.5 km,较优拟合值为3.5km,可能意味着高原形成时岩石圈年龄较小。根据顾及底部载荷的挠曲均衡模型进行分析,定量计算了底部载荷规模,约为地形载荷的30%,其体积约为9.3 X 105km3,平均深度为18 km,是整个高原洋壳的重要组成部分,表明洋壳底部板垫作用在马尼希基海底高原形成和演化过程中产生过重要影响。     

格萨拉岩溶地质遗迹景观发育特征及保护对策

格萨拉地区地质遗迹景观资源较为丰富,其中以岩溶地貌景观最为典型。其类型主要有落水洞、溶洞、暗河、石林、湿地、盲谷等。本文从格萨拉岩溶地质遗迹景观的空间分布、规模、数量、面积等方面,详细阐述了格萨拉岩溶地质遗迹景观的发育特征。针对该区岩溶地貌的破坏现状,结合其他地质遗迹景观,提出了通过建立地质公园及开发旅游来保护该区的岩溶地质遗迹景观,提出了在开发中应采取的相应保护措施。     

Estimation of the minimum food requirement using the respiration rate of medusa of Aurelia aurita in Sihwa Lake

We examined the respiration rate of Aurelia aurita medusae at 20 °C and 28 °C to evaluate minimum metabolic demands of medusae population in Sihwa Lake, Korea during summer. While weight specific respiration rates of medusae were constant and irrespective to the wet weight (8?C220 g), they significantly varied in respect to temperatures (p<0.001, 0.11±0.03 mg C g^?1 of medusa d^?1 at 20°C and 0.28±0.11 mg C g^?1 of medusa d^?1 at 28 °C in average, where Q ₁₀ value was 2.62). The respiration rate of medusae was defined as a function of temperature (T, °C) and body weight (W, g) according to the equation, R=0.13×2.62^(T-20)/10 W ^0.93. Population minimum food requirement (PMFR) was estimated from the respiration rate as 15.06 and 4.86 mg C m^?3 d^?1 in June and July, respectively. During this period, increase in bell diameter and wet weight was not significant (p=1 in the both), suggesting that the estimated PMFR closely represented the actual food consumption in the field. From July to August, medusae grew significantly at 0.052 d-1, thus the amount of food ingested by medusae population in situ was likely to exceed the PMFR (1.27 mg C m^?3 d^?1) during the period. In conclusion, the medusae population of higher density during June and July had limited amount of food, while those of lower in July and August ingested enough food for growth.     

空心块体水沙动力及泥沙淤积特性研究

空心块体具有良好的阻水和促淤功能,近年来被广泛用于生态修复工程。本文结合水槽试验及Flow-3D数值模拟,分析了开敞型和半封闭型空心块体的阻水效应和泥沙淤积特性。结果表明：空心块体的开孔率对内部水流流速、紊动强度起主导作用,开孔率较小的半开敞型空心块体减速、制紊效果更强;开敞型和半封闭型空心块体近底层悬沙浓度分别增大56%和75%,两者均有利于促进泥沙在块体内部淤积,近底层水流紊动越强,泥沙淤积形态差异越大;空心块体所营造的低流速、泥沙微淤、内外连通的水沙环境是大型底栖生物的生境需求,半封闭型空心块体内部的低紊动水流结构更有利于大型底栖生物的栖息、繁衍。     

Removal rate and releases of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in two wastewater treatment plants,Korea

Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) play an important role in minimizing the release of many pollutants into the environment. Nineteen congeners in two WWTPs in Korea were determined to investigate the occurrence and fate of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) during wastewater treatment processes. The concentration of total PBDEs was 69.6 and 183 ng/L in influent, which declined to 1.59 and 2.34 ng/L in the final effluent, respectively (Tongyeong and Jinhae WWTPs). PBDEs were found to exist mostly in the particulate phase of wastewater, which rendered sedimentation efficient for the removal of PBDEs. BDE-209 was the predominant congener in the influent and sludge. Most of the PBDEs entering the WWTPs presumably ended up in the sludge, with < 2% being discharged with the final effluent. According to the mass loading estimation, every day 2.55–9.29 g PBDEs entered the two WWTPs, 2.8–10.4 g were disposed to landfill sites in sludge form and 0.06–0.12 g were discharged to the surrounding water through final effluent, respectively. Preliminary results indicated that the ecological risk to organisms in soil exposed to PBDEs through the usage of sludge application to agricultural land was relatively low. To our knowledge, this study is the first to report on the removal efficiency of PBDEs in a WWTP in Korea.