基于赫尔默特方差分量估计的水准网平差方法研究

复杂地区水准网平差时传统定权方法存在不合理性。根据高差观测误差与地形起伏的关系,建立高差分类新标准,推导出各类高差观测值权的计算公式,并引入赫尔默特方差估计法来合理匹配各类高差观测值的权比关系,最后通过算例验证本文方法的优越性。     

专用海洋底质粒度分析数据整编方法

结合海洋环境资料整编项目实际需求,研究海洋底质粒度分析数据的收集、预处理、标准化及质量控制方法。分析海洋底质粒度分析数据的类型和内容特点,结合海洋底质粒度分析数据的处理方法和应用特点,研究海洋底质粒度分析数据质量的检查内容和检查方法,确定控制海洋底质粒度分析数据质量的技术方法。     

Multi-scale climate variability of the South China Sea monsoon: A review

This review recapitulates climate variations of the South China Sea (SCS) monsoon and our current understanding of the important physical processes responsible for the SCS summer monsoon's intraseasonal to interannual variations. We demonstrate that the 850 hPa meridional shear vorticity index (SCSMI) can conveniently measure and monitor SCS monsoon variations on a timescale ranging from intraseasonal to interdecadal. Analyses with this multi-scale index reveal that the two principal modes of intraseasonal variation, the quasi-biweekly and 30–60-day modes, have different source regions and lifecycles, and both may be potentially predicted at a lead time longer than one-half of their corresponding lifecycles. The leading mode of interannual variation is seasonally dependent: the seasonal precipitation anomaly suddenly reverses the sign from summer to fall, and the reversed anomaly then persists through the next summer. Since the late 1970s, the relationship between the SCS summer monsoon and El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) has significantly strengthened. Before the late 1970s, the SCS summer monsoon was primarily influenced by ENSO development, while after the late 1970s, it has been affected mainly in the decaying phase of ENSO. The year of 1993 marked a sudden interdecadal change in precipitation and circulation in the SCS and its surrounding region. Over the past 60 years, the SCS summer monsoon's strength shows no significant trend, but the SCS winter monsoon displays a significant strengthening tendency (mainly in its easterly component and its total wind speed). A number of outstanding issues are raised for future studies.     

Model analysis of seasonal variations in tropospheric ozone and carbon monoxide over East Asia

Temporal-spatial variations in tropospheric ozone concentrations over East Asia in the period from 1 January 2000 to 31 December 2004 were simulated by using the Models-3 Community Multi-scale Air Quality (CMAQ) modeling system with meteorological fields calculated by the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS). The simulated concentrations of ozone and carbon monoxide were compared with ground level observations at two remote sites, Ryori (39.03°N, 141.82°E) and Yonagunijima (24.47°N, 123.02°E). The co...     

格点尺度对TRMM微波成像仪云水数据的影响

选取热带测雨卫星(Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission,TRMM)微波成像仪(TRMM Microwave Imager,TMI)液态水路径(liquid water path,LWP)轨道像元数据为研究对象,探讨了将瞬时探测以及逐月的像元数据进行格点化(0.1°、0.25°、0.5°、1.0°和2.5°五种格点分辨率)时,格点数据的失真情况。对TMI瞬时探测的个例分析结果表明,细分辨率(0.1°、0.25°和0.5°)格点能保留原始像元数据的细节;而随着网格变粗,细节受到较大的平滑。因此对于中尺度到天气尺度的天气系统分析而言,将卫星轨道数据处理到网格尺度不大于0.5°的格点更合适。对逐月LWP像元资料格点化处理的分析表明,细分辨率格点能保留LWP空间分布细节,尽管5种分辨率下LWP的概率密度分布(probability density function,PDF)均相近。因此,对月尺度及以上的气候分析研究而言,格点尺度大小对卫星像元数据格点化的影响不显著。最后利用本实验室计算的TMI/LWP格点数据与欧洲中期数值预报中心再分析资料(European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasts Interim reanalysis,ERA-Interim)和NCEP再分析资料(NCEP Climate Forecast System Reanalysis,NCEP CFSR)进行了对比,发现两种再分析资料都高估了LWP;TMI/LWP格点数据与两种再分析资料LWP的多年变化趋势大致相同。     

植物冠层动量交换特征的实验研究

使用湍流梯度测试资料，对植物冠层动量交换特征进行了详细研究，结果表明:森林冠层内惯性副区能谱曲线仍可用幂指数描述，但斜率比-2/3更负；森林冠层内湍流尺度有变小的趋势；森林上层的耗散系数比下层大；由植被吸收引起动量及动量通量随冠层深度增加而明显减小；冠层下层的动量通量和耗散系数分别与上层的量有好的正相关；森林冠层内耗散系数和动量通量随大气稳定度有明显变化。     

带电粒子穿入地磁場的一种机制（一）

自从辛格用輻射带內电性粒子运动所形成的电流环,成功地解释磁暴主相形成的机制以来,这些带电粒子的来源就成为磁暴主相理論的一个重要問題。本文以两度空間双曲线磁場,对带电粒子的軌道进行初步計算表明:由于貭子和电子的反射方向不同,在中性点附近可以形成由东向西的极化电場。在这个电場的作用下,带电粒子的飘移运动可以通过中性点穿入地磁层而被捕获。据初步估計,我們的計算与帕克尔等的理論結果相符,并可以解释磁暴主相。     

Petrogenesis and metallogenesis of the Yanshanian adakite-like rocks in the Eastern Yangtze Block

Many of the Yanshannian intermediate-acid intrusive rocks related to Cu-Au mineralization in the Eastern Yangtze Block are characterized by high Al₂O₃, Sr contents, while low in Y, Yb contents, thus with high Sr/Y, and La/Yb ratios, and variational isotope signatures in particular, e.g. ε_Nd(t) = ?11.92–1.96, (¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd)_i = 0.5120–0.5125, T_DM = 0.70–1.71 Ga, (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_i = 0.7043 –0.7076. The geochemical characteristics of these rocks suggest that: (1) these rocks are geochemically similar to adakite, which might have been stemmed from the partial melting of thickened basaltic lower crust due to basalt underplating; and (2) the high pressure (1.2–4.0 GPa) and high temperature (850–1150°C) surroundings of the lower crust favor both the fluid and adakite-like magma to generation. Not only can the adakite-like magma carry abundant fluid and Cu-Au ore-froming materials, but also can it bring them to the shallow part with ease and contributes to the Cu-Au mineralization.     

Nonlinear coupling between 100 ka periodicity of the paleoclimate records in loess and periodicities of precession and semiprecession

It is apparent that there are three periods in various Quaternary paleoclimate records, the pe-riod of the Earth抯 orbital eccentricity cycles, ~100 ka, the period of the Earth抯 obliquity cycles, 41 ka, and the periods of the precession cycles, 23 ka and…