秦岭造山带中两条新元古代岩浆岩带

秦岭造山带中的新元古代岩浆岩带分为南、北两带,北带主要发育于秦岭岩群分布区,由新元古代早期花岗质岩石组成,由于受到强烈变质、变形,构成了NW向花岗片麻岩体群。岩石总体化学特征反映一种挤压性的动力学背景,其形成时代集中在95 5～84 4 Ma。南带分布于陡岭岩群分布区、南秦岭及“勉略构造带”以南的汉南一带,由双峰式火山岩、基性辉长岩侵入体及板内花岗质侵入岩组成。与北带花岗质岩石所受到的强烈变质、变形形成鲜明对比,除邻近构造带的岩体外,它们变质、变形程度较弱,以弱片麻状至块状构造为主,形成时代介于810～710 Ma之间,反映大陆地壳处于减薄的伸展机制。这条岩浆岩带的发育,显示秦岭造山带南部曾存在一条新元古代中期裂谷带,它是劳伦、澳大利亚和塔里木—扬子等大陆初始裂解的产物,也是古太平洋形成的前兆。     

工业用水定额的制订与管理研究

在城市用水中,工业用水占60%以上。科学合理地制订工业用水定额,实行工业产品的用水定额管理,不但可以促进工业企业改进生产工艺,制定节水措施,有利于企业挖潜降耗,降低产品成本,提高经济效益,也有利于各级政府节水管理机构合理制定用水计划和节水管理工作的科学性和规范性。文章对工业用水定额的原则和制订方法进行了分析探讨,提出了用水定额管理中应注意的几个问题。     

中俄管道(漠河—乌尔其段)多年冻土环境工程地质区划和评价

在汇总大量勘察资料的基础上,充分考虑冻土区输油管道工程的特点,以及管道与冻土之间的相互作用和过程,重点阐述中俄输油管道沿线多年冻土环境工程地质条件,确定出中俄管道沿线冻土环境工程地质区划原则和指标。按不同类型多年冻土的区域分布规律及面积比率,并考虑地温、厚度及植被变化等特征,分成4个冻土工程地质区,即漠河—瓦拉干片状冻土区、瓦拉干—劲松大片融区的多年冻土区、劲松—加格达奇岛状多年冻土区和加格达奇—乌尔其零星多年冻土区。然后按多年冻土含冰(水)量类别,并兼顾土层冻胀、融沉分类级别,又在4个区内共划分出151个冻土类别地段,依次按区分级进行评价,最后将这151个地段归纳为4种类型的工程地质地段:良好、较好、不良、极差。     

祁连山区冰沟流域积雪分布特征及其属性观测分析

以祁连山冰沟流域为研究区,通过在流域内布设花杆观测积雪深度,渊查了山区积雪分布情况;利用雪特性分析仪测量了区内积雪密度、介电常数、液念水含量等积雪参数,光谱仪测量了不同类型积雪的光谱特征,手持反照率测量计观测积雪表面反照率,带刻度手持放大镜测量积雪粒径,红外温度计和针式温度计测量雪层的温度和实地测量积雪属性.同时,在研究区内选择加强观测区挖雪坑,对雪层内部属性和雪剖面分层特性作了进一步研究,计算民流域内积雪等效密度;最后对试验中所使用的野外实测积雪的各种方法进行了评价.研究表明:山区积雪分布很不均匀,在阴坡山谷雪深最深,阳坡雪积累最少,即使在同一样区,积雪分布也小均匀;研究Ⅸ的积雪属于潮雪,体秋含水量在3%以下;不同粒径、类型和表面粗糙度的积雪反射率不同,验证了积雪光谱是雪颗粒、污染物和地面粗糙度的函数;积雪反照率随太阳高度角升高逐步降低,在没有新降雪的情况下,日反照率也逐渐降低;雪分层比较明显,雪下冰晶层发育良好.当深度达剑20 cm时,积雪具有保温作用;冰沟流域的积雪等效密度随时间和空间变化不大,经汁算为0.16 g·cm-3.     

Accumulation Mechanisms and Evolution History of the Giant Puguang Gas Field, Sichuan Basin, China

Solid bitumens were found throughout the carbonate reservoirs in the Puguang gas field,the largest gas field SO far found in marine carbonates in China,confirming that the Puguang gas field evolved from a paleo-oil reservoir.The fluid conduit system at the time of intensive oil accumulation in the field Was reconstructed,and petroleum migration pathways were modeled using a 3-D model and traced by geochemical parameters.The forward modeling and inversion tracing coincided with each other and both indicated that oils accumulated in the Puguang-Dongyuezhai structure originated from a generative kitchen to the northwest of the Puguang gas field.The deposition of organic-rich Upper Permian source rocks dominated by sapropelic organic matter in the Northeast Sichuan Basin, the development of fluid conduit system that was vertically near-source rock and laterally near-generative kitchen,and the focusing of oils originated from a large area of the generative kitchen,were the three requirements for the formation of the giant paleo-oil reservoir from which the giant Puguang gas field evolved.The Puguang gas field had experienced a three-stage evolution.The post-accumulation processes,especially the organic-inorganic interaction in the hydrocarbon-water-rock system,had not only profoundly altered the composition and characteristics of the petroleum fluids,but also obviously changed the physicochemical conditions in the reservoir and resulted in complicated precipitation and solution of carbonate minerals.     

Biodiversity and Sequence of the Middle Triassic Panxian Marine Reptile Fauna, Guizhou Province, China

Abstract: The Middle Triassic Panxian fauna is a physical marker and representative record of the rapid recovery of the Triassic marine ecosystem following the Early Triassic stagnant stage after the end-Permian mass extinction. Ten marine reptile taxa have been found from the 1.82–2.10 m-thick fossiliferous level in the Upper Member of the Guanling Formation, which can be subdivided into three marine reptile beds through the analysis on the stratigraphic distributions of fossil reptiles. The Lower Reptile Bed yields the sauropterygians Placodus inexpectatus Jiang et al., 2008 and Lariosaurus hongguoensis Jiang et al., 2006, the ichthyopterygians Xinminosaurus catactes Jiang et al., 2008 and Phalarodon cf. Phalarodon fraasi Merriam, 1910, associated with Mixosaurus panxianensis Jiang et al., 2006, representing a stage of predominance of durophagous taxa. In this bed, the large complete skeletons may reach up to 2.3 m in length, and lithofacies and chemostratigraphic analyses indicate a relatively deep carbonate platform with an oxic water environment near the bottom, as well as a rising sea level. The Middle Reptile Bed yields the sauropterygian Nothosaurus yangjuanensis Jiang et al., 2006 and the archosaur Qianosuchus mixtus Li et al., 2006, associated with Mixosaurus panxianensis Jiang et al., 2006. The fossils in this bed are characterized by its pincering dentition and large overall body size, with the largest possibly exceeding 3 m in length. This bed might represent a time of deepest basin with relatively anoxic condition near the bottom. The Upper Reptile Bed yields the sauropterygians Wumengosaurus delicatomandibularis Jiang et al., 2008, Keichousaurus sp., the protorosaur Dinocephalosaurus orientalis Li, 2003, and the ichthyopterygian Mixosaurus panxianensis Jiang et al., 2006. In this bed, reptilian taxa characterized by suction feeding appeared, and most are less than 1 m long. This bed corresponds to a period of decreasing water depth.     

长江中下游成矿带深部找矿思路探讨

长江中下游成矿带的探明资源已开采殆尽,深部找矿（-500--2000m）应是当务之急。根据勘查与开采资料的综合研究,该区的控矿条件可概括为：岩石圈减薄事件是成矿作用的重要前提,燕山期强烈的构造-岩浆活动是区域成矿的主要关键,地表断裂构造样式是深部构造的响应,前陆盆地沉积建造是成矿作用的优越围岩条件,铁、铜矿床的岩浆岩蚀变特点明显不同,埃达克质岩可视为找铜矿床的间接标志。对于今后深部找矿提出4个思路：①火山岩盆地下部的深部找矿思路;②目标地层的深部找矿思路;③复合类型矿床的深部找矿思路;④接触带“多台阶”的深部找矿思路。     

濮阳台电磁波观测的干扰因素分析

濮阳台电磁波异常与地震活动有很好的对应关系。但电磁波观测存在诸多干扰因素的影响,对干扰因素及其影响进行了分析研究。     

地幔纬向正常密度函数

继"地球纬向正常密度假说"和"板块运动纬向重力模式"的提出之后,以参数椭球为工具,应用求解"地球纬向正常密度函数"的数学方法,在假设地核为匀质椭球和地壳并入地幔的前提下,初步求解出满足极点与赤道重力条件的"地幔纬向正常密度函数",从而使得"地幔纬向密度异常"的提法在理论上获得了依据.     

一种基于小波系数特征的遥感图像融合算法

多光谱图像和全色图像是目前卫星遥感领域最常见的传感器图像.为了更充分地发挥这两类遥感图像数据的价值,人们利用两类数据的互补性,将多传感器融合技术引进了遥感图像处理领域.在IHS彩色空间变换和小波多分辨率分析的基础上,利用图像高频小波系数的多个特征来定义特征量积,并利用特征量积作为依据提出了一种图像融合新算法.通过一组多光谱图像和全色图像数据进行融合仿真试验,并将该算法与IHS,HPF等算法和归一化矩算法作了比较.证明该方法能在保留多光谱图像光谱信息的基础上,有效地提高多光谱图像的空间分辨率.