Geological Controls on the CBM Productivity of No.15 Coal Seam of Carboniferous–Permian Taiyuan Formation in Southern Qinshui Basin and Prediction for CBM High-yield Potential Regions

Coalbed methane (CBM) resources in No.15 coal seam of Taiyuan Formation account for 55% of the total CBM resources in southern Qinshui Basin (SQB), and have a great production potential. This study aims at investigating the CBM production in No.15 coal seam and its influence factors. Based on a series of laboratory experiments and latest exploration and development data from local coal mines and CBM companies, the spatial characteristics of gas production of No.15 coal seam were analyzed and then the influences of seven factors on the gas productivity of this coal seam were discussed, including coal thickness, burial depth, gas content, ratio of critical desorption pressure to original coal reservoir pressure (RCPOP), porosity, permeability, and hydrogeological condition. The influences of hydrological condition on CBM production were analyzed based on the discussions of four aspects: hydrogeochemistry, roof lithology and its distribution, hydrodynamic field of groundwater, and recharge rate of groundwater. Finally, a three-level analytic hierarchy process (AHP) evaluation model was proposed for predicting the CBM potentials of the No.15 coal seam in the SQB. The best prospective target area for CBM production of the No.15 coal seam is predicted to be in the districts of Panzhuang, Chengzhuang and south of Hudi.     

Satellite estimates and subpixel variability of rainfall in a semi-arid grassland

卫星估雨精度的不确定性受到当地降雨类型和像元内降雨非均匀性影响,而结合这两个关键因素开展半干旱草原卫星估雨的研究有限.2009年夏,我们在中国锡林郭勒半干旱草原用多部微雨雷达和雨量计构建了9 km卫星像元降雨观测网,观测了像元内降雨非均匀性(空间变异系数CV),并评估了卫星估雨精度.结果表明:(1)CV值受像元内平均降雨量,降雨类型,降雨云面积及移向等影响,如高Cv值的降雨过程大多为平均降雨量小,对流性降雨过程,降雨云边缘像元CV值较高;(2)TRMM 3B42V7卫星估雨产品适用性较好,CMORPH和PERSIANN次之,但TRMM 3B42V7易在半干旱草原湖泊处高估降雨.     

路网距离约束的GTWR模型应用——以北京市房价为例

针对传统地理加权回归方法无法解决时空非平稳性的问题,该文提出了一种路网距离约束的时空地理加权回归方法。引入时间特性,进一步把握了不同因子在时空维度影响的分异性;以路网距离度量约束,提高模型解释力。以北京市城6区1980—2015年的1 632个住宅小区特征价格数据为例,通过与直线距离约束的常规地理加权回归方法等进行比较,采用各模型的AIC与拟合优度等指标对模型置信水平高低进行评价。实验结果表明,路网距离约束的地理加权回归模型不仅能够提高模型的拟合精度,还能更好地揭示房价在时间与空间方面的变化规律。     

AHP-灰色关联度分析法的耕地质量评价——以湖北省襄阳市为例

针对传统耕地质量评价方法的单一性和局限性,该文提出一种将层次分析法与灰色关联度分析法融合的主客观相结合的耕地质量评定新方法。依据第一次全国地理国情普查数据成果,选取湖北省襄阳市作为研究区,建立试点区耕地质量综合评价指标体系,并对评价结果的可靠性进行验证。结果表明,该方法对耕地质量评价是科学有效的,能为耕地合理规划提出相关建议。     

Improved decentralized multi-sensor navigation system for airborne applications

The integration of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) and Inertial Navigation System (INS) technologies is a very useful navigation option for high-accuracy positioning in many applications. However, its performance is still limited by GNSS satellite availability and satellite geometry. To address such limitations, a non-GNSS-based positioning technology known as “Locata” is used to augment a standard GNSS/INS system. The conventional methods for multi-sensor integration can be classified as being either in the form of centralized Kalman filtering (CKF), or decentralized Kalman filtering. However, these two filtering architectures are not always ideal for real-world applications. To satisfy both accuracy and reliability requirements, these three integration algorithms—CKF, federated Kalman filtering (FKF) and an improved decentralized filtering, known as global optimal filtering (GOF)—are investigated. In principle, the GOF is derived from more information resources than the CKF and FKF algorithms. These three algorithms are implemented in a GPS/Locata/INS integrated navigation system and evaluated using data obtained from a flight test. The experimental results show that the position, velocity and attitude solution derived from the GOF-based system indicate improvements of 30, 18.4 and 20.8% over the CKF- and FKF-based systems, respectively.     

POS系统辅助无人机正射影像快速制作

基于INPHO软件对无人机航摄数据进行正射影像快速制作,阐述了数字正射影像图的制作流程,并对影响最终成果质量的关键环节进行了方法改进,从而总结出了快速制作无人机高质量数字正射影像图的方法和技巧。     

基于出租车GPS数据的城市居民出行时空分布研究

随着城市的快速发展,道路拥堵、打车难等问题越来越突出,严重影响了居民的出行效率和生活质量。出租车GPS数据,在一定程度上包含了部分居民出行行为的丰富信息。考虑到出租车载客事件发生于一维道路网络空间,本文提出对出租车上下客事件所在路段进行分析,得到不同时段居民出行的热门路段和区域,分析居民出行时空分布特征,有助于了解交通现状和居民出行需求,提高城市对居民出行活动的服务水平。     

2016年四川省PM2.5浓度时空分布研究

PM2.5导致大气能见度下降,造成雾霾天气.本文基于2016年四川省89个空气质量监测站的PM2.5数据,对2016年四川省PM2.5浓度时空分布特征进行研究分析.结果表明,2016年四川省PM2.5浓度空间分布呈现出西北部PM2.5浓度较低、空气质量较好,东南部PM2.5浓度较高、空气质量较差的趋势;时间分布呈现夏季PM2.5浓度较低、空气质量较好,冬季PM2.5浓度较高、空气质量较差的趋势,从而得出四川省PM2.5浓度时间和空间分布规律及分布图.     

基于GIS的西宁市生态敏感性分析

国土优化开发和土地集约型利用是生态文明建设的重要一环,生态敏感性分析为优化国土空间和土地的开发利用提供参考基础,也可促进区域生态环境的可持续发展。借助GIS技术,选取高程、坡度、水域、NDVI和土地利用类型5个生态敏感性因子,利用层次分析法(AHP)确定因子权重,采用空间叠加分析对生态敏感度定量分析,将所得到的生态敏感的高低分为高度敏感区、中度敏感区、低度敏感区和非敏感区,对各个生态敏感区进行综合分析,得到西宁市单因子和综合生态敏感性分析结果,并对西宁城市群的开发提出分区保护与建设的对策建议。     

空间信息技术在我国地质遗迹资源保护与开发中的应用研究现状与展望

在梳理相关文献的基础上,从地质遗迹资源保护与开发过程中对空间信息需求的视角,就资源调查与监测、评价与规划、管理与展示3个方面对空间信息技术在我国地质遗迹资源保护与开发中的应用研究现状进行了综述。结果表明:空间信息技术以其在数据获取、处理、分析等方面的优势,日益为地质遗迹资护与开发提供了强有力的技术支撑和科学的决策支持,并呈现多技术集成应用的趋势;今后还应进一步加强与相关技术的深度融合,并拓展在自然资源管理、生态环境监测等方面的应用。