Sand harm in Taklimakan Desert highway and sand control

Reputed as a wonderful achievement of the world's highway construction history, the Taklimakan Desert highway is now facing serious sand drift encroachment problems due to its 447- km-long passage of sand sea consisting of crescent dunes, barchan chains, compound transverse dune ridges and complex megadunes. To solve some technical problems in the protection of the highway from sand drift encroachment, desert experts have been conducting the theoretical and applied studies on sand movement laws; causes, severities and time-space differentiation of sand drift damages; and control ways including mechanical, chemical and biological measures. In this paper the authors give an overall summary on the research contents and recent progress in the control of sand drift damages in China and hold that the theoretical research results and practices in the prevention of sand drift encroachment on the cross-desert highway represent a breakthrough and has an epoch-making significance. Since the construction of protective forest along the cross-desert highway requires large amount of ground water, what will be its environmental consequence and whether it can effectively halt sand drift encroachment on the highway forever are the questions to be studied urgently.     

Extreme climate events over northern China during the last 50 years

Climate extremes for agriculture-pasture transitional zone, northern China, are analyzed on the basis of daily mean temperature and precipitation observations for 31 stations in the period 1956-2001. Analysis season for precipitation is May-September, i.e., the rainy season. For temperature is the hottest three months, i.e., June through August. Heavy rain events, defined as those with daily precipitation equal to or larger than 50 mm, show no significant secular trend. A jump-like change, however, is found occurring in about 1980. For the period 1980-1993, the frequency of heavy rain events is significantly lower than the previous periods. Simultaneously, the occurring time of heavy rains expanded, commencing about one month early and ending one month later. Long dry spells are defined as those with longer than 10 days without rainfall. The frequency of long dry spells displays a significant (at the 99% confidence level) trend at the value of +8.3%/10a. That may be one of the major causes of the frequent droughts emerging over northern China during the last decades. Extremely hot and low temperature events are defined as the uppermost 10% daily temperatures and the lowest 10% daily temperatures, respectively. There is a weak and non-significant upward trend in frequency of extremely high temperatures from the 1950s to the mid-1990s. But the number of hot events increases as much as twice since 1997. That coincides well with the sudden rise in mean summer temperature for the same period. Contrary to that, the frequency of low temperature events have been decreasing steadily since the 1950s, with a significant linear trend of -15%/10a.     

福建建宁黄埠地区金矿化基本特征

通过对建宁黄埠地区金矿地质特征、矿化特点、成矿地质规律的研究，认为该区成矿年龄为91Ma，提出了北西西向碎裂带为主要的含矿构造，并指出该区具有较好的找金远景。     

软土地基上静压预制桩承载力的工后增大效应

分析了软土地基上预制桩承载力的时效性机理，介绍了几种研究承载力时效性的经验回归公式，结合工程说明应充分认识承载力时效性的科学性和利用这种规律潜在的巨大经济效益。     

声波扫描成像在灾害防治及环境保护中的应用

利用超声波扫描成像测井技术，在地质灾害的预防与环境保护中可以检测由于采矿而形成的冒落带、裂隙带、离层带、洞穴及软弱层的存在状况及部位，测定基岩风化蚀变程度及深度，在地质灾害与环境保护的治理时可以监测治理的质量，提供了直观精确可靠的基础资料。     

板块下的构造及地幔动力学

最新的全球地幔地震层析资料揭示了岩石圈板片可以俯冲到核幔边界，超地幔羽可以从核幔边界上升到地壳上部形成热点。在大陆板块汇聚边界，地幔地震层析图像不仅显示了岩石圈板片的超深俯冲，还保存了拆沉的岩石圈“化石”残片的重要信息。从地幔深部所获取的新资料为全地幔“单层对流“的新模式提供了依据。在介绍上述全球构造研究新动向的基础上，本文强调了研究岩石圈板块必须了解板块下的构造，探索岩石圈板块的驱动力应该从“岩石圈动力学”升华到“地幔动力学”，并提出了大陆板块汇聚边界地幔动力学研究的新思考。     

Re-Os Age of Cu-Ni Ores from the Huangshandong Cu-Ni Sulfide Deposit in the East Tianshan Mountains and Its Implication for Geodynamic Processes

An isochron age of 282±20 (95% conf. limit) Ma of the sulfide ores in the Huangshandong Cu-Ni sulfide deposit, the East Tianshan Mountains has been obtained through Re-Os isotopic measurement. The age implies that the Cu-Ni sulfide deposit and other related deposits in the same area occurred in a Permian extensional environment of post-collision instead of Devonian-Early Carboniferous ophiolite-related oceanic or island arc environments inferred before. It shares the same ages with the orogenic and epithermal gold deposit systems in the same area. An initial 187Os/188Os ratio of 0.25±0.04 (1σ) and a γos value of 99 on average display the participation of large quantities of crustal components into the rock-forming and ore-forming system during mineralization and magmatic emplacement.     

莱州湾南岸平原古湖泊消亡原因初探

莱州湾南岸平原是指西起小清河口，东至胶莱河口的广大沿岸地区，这一地区近年来是我国工农业发展较快的地区，也是我国地下咸水入侵较为严重的地区。历史上，莱州湾南岸平原地区曾有一些湖泊存在，如巨淀湖、黑冢泊、别画湖，但现在早已荡然无存了。研究这些古湖泊的消亡原因对于恢复该区古地理环境以及确立湖迹区今后的发展方向具有十分重要的意义。本文运用查阅历史文献、地层剖面分析、地名考证、遥感解译等多种方法，对莱州湾南岸古湖泊的消亡原因进行了研究与分析，并指出该区古湖泊消亡的原因是气候变干、河流变迁、人类活动影响等，其中气候变化是古湖泊消亡的根本原因，河流变迁是古湖泊消亡的直接原因，而人类活动则加速了古湖泊消亡的进程。     

乙醇增强—电感耦合等离子体质谱法直接测定地质样品中碲

建立了HF—HN03密封酸溶以及Na2O2熔融处理样品，乙醇增强灵敏度，电感耦合等离子体质谱直接测定地质样品中微量和超痕量碲的方法。样品溶液中加入乙醇(φ＝4％)，在0．85L/min的载气流速下，碲信号可增强2．5倍以上。碲的方法检出限(100，DF＝1000)为0．02μg/g。用土壤和水系沉积物国家一级标准物质验证了方法的准确度，标准物质的绝大多数分析结果与标准值的误差在允许范围内。分析了大洋多金属结核样品及深海沉积物样品中的微量碲，结果与其他方法相符，精密度试验RSD(n＝3)＜10％。     

新疆伊宁盆地活动断裂新活动特征研究

新疆伊宁盆地主要分布有巩留南、喀什河、雅马特等6条活动断裂，断裂走向近东西向与北酉一北北西向。其中巩留南断裂、喀什河断裂、雅马特断裂等在晚更新世一全新世时期有过多次显著的新活动，切错了晚更新世一全新世堆积物。在喀什河断裂上1812年发生了8级大展，形成长约100km的地震形变带。在巩留南断裂、雅马特断裂、伊宁断裂上也有受控于断裂近代新活动的中等地震发生。