Recent advances on study of hadrosaurid dinosaurs in Heilongjiang(Amur) River area between China and Russia

Four main dinosaur-bearing sites have been investigated in latest Cretaceous deposits from the Amur/Heilongjiang Region: Jiayin and Wulaga in China (Yuliangze Formation) ,Blagoveschensk and Kundur in Rus- sia (Udurchukan Formation) . More than 90% of the bones discovered in these localities belong to hollowcrested lambeosaurine hadrosaurids: Charonosaurus jiayinensis at Jiayin,Amurosaurus riabinini at Blagoveschensk, Olorotitan arharensis at Kundur,and Sahaliyania elunchunorum at Wulaga. Flat-headed hadrosaurine hadrosau- rids are much less numerous,but appear well diversified as well: Kerberosaurus manakini at Blagoveschensk, Wulagasaurus dongi at Wulaga,and a new genus at Kundur. Theropods are represented by shed teeth and isolated bones; isolated scutes and teeth discovered at Kundur are tentatively attributed to nodosaurids. Palynologi- cal studies suggest that these sites are probably synchronous with the Lancian’ vertebrate localities of western North America,which represent the youngest dinosaur faunas in this area. However,the latest Cretaceous dinosaur assemblages are completely different in the Amur/Heilongjiang region (lambeosaurines abundant,ceratopsids absent) and in western North America (ceratopsids abundant,lambeosaurines extremely rare or absent) . This probably reflects some kind of geographical barrier between both areas by Maastrichtian time rather than strong differences in palaeoecological conditions.     

两种耦合模糊控制的局地化方法研究

在集合数据同化过程中,由于远距离的观测与同化状态之间存在着虚假相关,局地化方法受到广泛关注.此外,由于集合数的限制,容易引起欠采样和协方差被低估等现象,使得滤波效果欠佳.因此,提出模糊控制算法,模糊控制算法主要用于判断观测点与状态更新点之间的距离来匹配相应的观测权重,进而调整局地化系数来更新背景误差协方差和观测误差协方差矩阵,从而得到有效的状态估计.基于背景误差协方差局地化方法和观测误差协方差局地化方法,耦合模糊控制,形成了新的算法—模糊控制的背景误差协方差局地化方法和模糊控制的观测误差协方差局地化方法.利用Lorenz-96模型,在小集合数和局地化半径下,得出模糊控制的背景误差协方差局地化方法和模糊控制的观测误差协方差局地化方法有较好的同化性能.通过分析泰勒图谱甄别出新算法与观测点具有高度的相关性以及较小的空间变异性.最后,在不同维数的模糊控制器下,新算法的有效性进一步得到验证.为今后数据同化误差处理方面提供了良好的研究平台.     

贵阳市空气质量预报方法与效果检验

2012年环境保护部发布的《环境空气质量标准》实施后,贵阳市空气质量状况发生了变化。利用贵阳市空气质量指数和常规气象要素等资料,分析空气质量特征及其与气象要素的关系,通过多元线性逐步回归和BP神经网络方法,分季节建立空气质量指数预报模型,并同CUACE模式进行对比检验。结果表明:近3年贵阳市空气质量状况良好,优良天数增多,污染天数减少且污染天气多出现在冬季,首要污染物为PM_2.5、PM₁₀和O_3;各季相关因子不同,但主要与相对湿度和风速有关;两种模型预报效果均表现为夏季评价最高,等级TS评分超过85%,指数准确率近99%,冬季预报效果相对最差,TS评分接近或达到70%,指数准确率超过或接近80%,而春、秋季效果指标差距不大;对2015—2016年AQI的预报效果回归模型的优于CUACE模式的,TS评分和预报准确率分别相差16.2%和20.0%。     

宁夏照壁山铁矿成矿地质特征与找矿方向

文章从区域地质背景和矿区地质特征入手,结合前人研究成果,深入分析了照壁山铁矿床地质特征和成矿规律,探讨了矿床成因类型,建立了找矿标志。研究发现:照壁山铁矿主要产于石炭系土坡组和臭牛沟组的砂岩、粉砂岩中,矿体主要沿着近EW向的断裂和裂隙分布,构造控矿明显;矿体多呈脉状、透镜状、似层状,具有原生矿石和氧化矿石2中类型,围岩蚀变表现为硅化、褐铁矿化、碳酸盐化、黄铁矿化等,围岩蚀变较强;铁矿的形成主要与中酸性岩浆的侵入关系密切,矿床类型为中低温热液矿床;近EW向的构造破碎带、弧形构造的扩容带、层间裂隙以及"硅钙面"附近是寻找铁矿的有利部位,在其深部还具有较大找矿潜力。     

An improved hardening-damage creep model of lean coal: a theoretical and experimental study

Creep is an important rheological behavior of coal, impacting pillar stability, gateway support performance, and construction costs in underground mining. It is of great significance to study the creep mechanism of coal to prevent creep failure. In this paper, uniaxial compressive creep tests of raw lean coal under multiple stages are conducted, the increasing instantaneous elastic modulus and decreasing viscosity coefficient are calculated to analyze the hardening-damage creep mechanism of coal, and some new conclusions are as follows. When the stress is low, the hardening effect exists, and coal strain shows an instantaneous response. At high stress, both the damage effect and hardening effect work and coal strain shows time-dependent transient creep and steady creep. During multistage creep, coal is first hardened, then weakened, and finally fails due to well-developed cracks. Based on the strain evolution laws of lean coal at different stress levels, an elastic viscous-plastic model is established, and the hardening function and damage function are introduced into the model to obtain an improved hardening-damage creep model. This model is used to fit the creep data, and the model curves match the testing data very well, showing much better accuracy than other models. This model is simple with clear physical meanings of the elements and can reflect the nonlinear hardening-damage creep of raw lean coal under uniaxial compression very well.     

白云鄂博铁-稀土-铌矿床地质特征及其研究中存在的科学问题——兼论白云鄂博超大型矿床的成因

华北克拉通北缘的白云鄂博Fe-REE-Nb建造矿床是世界上已知的最大的稀土矿床,其矿床类型特殊,具有十分重要的意义,长期以来都备受国内外矿床地质学家的关注。由于其成矿作用的独特性和复杂性,国内外地质学界对此争议颇大,一直没有定论。国内外地质学家提出了多种成矿模式,但至目前为止,没有一种模型能够成功地解释区内缤纷复杂的地质现象,致使很多有关矿床成因关键性问题争论依旧。研究该矿床成因的意义不仅是解释矿床的形成条件,而且对于正确认识华北陆块北缘与西伯利亚板块碰撞条件下的壳幔相互作用以及寻找超大型矿床均有重要意义。结合我们多年的科研积累,特别是针对已获得大量岩石化学、稳定和放射成因同位素数据及相关研究成果,系统梳理及综述了白云鄂博超大型矿床的基底性质、火成碳酸岩、岩石地层及矿床形成时代,在此基础上,提出了白云鄂博矿床多阶段成矿模式。我们认为白云鄂博赋矿白云岩是沉积碳酸盐受地幔碳酸岩浆及派生的流体交代的产物,碳酸岩浆及其派生的富稀土流体与在地壳深部对沉积碳酸盐产生强烈交代,导致稀土元素在H8白云岩及其他地层的第一次富集。后来经加里东时期的板块聚合过程中的流体改造,使得稀土元素二次运移富集,形成了白云鄂博独特的Fe-REE-Nb矿床及区域性的大规模稀土矿化。至于铁矿的形成,我们认为它是在基底之上发育的一套BIF,经过中元古的碳酸岩侵入作用的改造,之后在加里东时期的板块聚合过程的再次聚集。     

云南东川因民铁铜矿区落因复式褶皱-断裂带与控矿规律研究

因民铁铜矿区地质演化复杂,构造样式具有多样性。在前人研究的基础上,利用钻孔与巷道编录资料制作东西向剖面地质图,结合矿区平面地质图对落因褶皱-断裂带进行分析,并推测落因复式倒转褶皱东翼几何形态。同时,对因民铁铜矿区深部三个巷道工程进行断裂要素测量,制作玫瑰花图进行分析。研究表明因民铁铜矿区深部断裂呈反扇形分布的几何学特征,与落因复式倒转褶皱具有构造和谐性趋势。通过对落因褶皱-断裂带特征与控矿规律的研究,发现落雪组中东川型铜矿体与因民组中稀矿山型铁铜矿体严格受落因褶皱-断裂带控制,认为在落因褶皱-断裂带东翼具有寻找隐伏稀矿山型铁铜矿床和东川型铜矿床的潜力。     

Prediction of visibility in the Arctic based on dynamic Bayesian network analysis

With the accelerated warming of the world, the safety and use of Arctic passages is receiving more attention.Predicting visibility in the Arctic has been a hot topic in recent years because of navigation risks and opening of ice-free northern passages. Numerical weather prediction and statistical prediction are two methods for predicting visibility. As microphysical parameterization schemes for visibility are so sophisticated, visibility prediction using numerical weather prediction models inclu...     

汕头地震台氡固体标准源优化改造方案

水氡观测是全国大多数地震台地震前兆观测的主要手段之一,定期用固体标准源对测氡仪器进行标定是水氡观测工作的重要组成部分。2010年汕头地震台长期使用的固体标准源出现问题无法使用,经过学科组改造后,汕头台于2012年2月开始使用改造后的固体标准源对测氡仪器进行试标定,并对标定环节进行完善改进,使标定过程更加合理,操作更简单,标定结果有较高的准确度和精密度,对今后水氡仪器的标定及水氡观测工作将起到积极作用。     

桂西北微细浸染型金矿找矿远景区优选

“桂西北”是我国以微细浸染型金矿为主的重要金成矿集中区之一,具有重要的找矿前景和研究价值.文章通过对“桂西北”以高龙、金牙两典型微细浸染型金矿床为主要研究对象,重点分析其地质特征、成矿地质条件,进而总结了研究区微细浸染型金矿的成矿作用机制、成矿模式.最后,结合桂西北地区特定的沉积古地理特征、构造、围岩蚀变及已有地球化学、矿产等材料,结合前人研究成果,初步圈定了5个可供进一步找矿的远景区