吹气预富集-离子选择电极法测定海水及天然水中的硫化物

海水中硫化物的测定方法有比色法离子选择电极法、气相色谱法和阴极溶出伏安法等。比色法测定的灵敏度较低，远不能满足海水中ppb级或亚ppb级硫化物的测定；气相色谱法需要一定的仪器设备条件；离子选择电极法设备简单，方法简便、快速，可测至10^-6M的硫化物，有些自制的电极可测到ppb数量级，     

莱州湾东部金的金属量异常

据莱州湾东部刁龙咀-龙口市海域海底表层沉积物中金的金属量测试资料，于区内圈定了6处金的金属量异常，经对该区内地质钻孔沉积物金的金属量测试分析，发现23处金的金属量异常，本文论述了这些异常的分布及特征．     

重金属对海洋围隔生态系中初级生产力的影响

1985年4月,中国和加拿大科学家首次在厦门合作进行添加重金属(Cu,Hg,Zn,Pb,Cd)的围隔生态系实验,实验是在海边大水池内的塑料袋中进行,实验结果说明低水平(ppb)混合重金属对浮游植物的影响首先表现在对光合作用速率的抑制作用,以及在浓度较低的情况下可能引起的种群演替现象,本文还阐述了颗粒有机碳(POC)和颗粒有机氮(PON)与初级生产力的相关性.     

Environmental consequence analyses of fish farm emissions related to different scales and exemplified by data from the Baltic--a review

The aim of this work is to review studies to evaluate how emissions from fish cage farms cause eutrophication effects in marine environments. The focus is on four different scales: (i) the conditions at the site of the farm, (ii) the local scale related to the coastal area where the farm is situated, (iii) the regional scale encompassing many coastal areas and (iv) the international scale including several regional coastal areas. The aim is to evaluate the role of nutrient emissions from fish farms in a general way, but all selected examples come from the Baltic Sea. An important part of this evaluation concerns the method to define the boundaries of a given coastal area. If this is done arbitrarily, one would obtain arbitrary results in the environmental consequence analysis. In this work, the boundary lines between the coast and the sea are drawn using GIS methods (geographical information systems) according to the topographical bottleneck method, which opens a way to determine many fundamental characteristics in the context of mass balance calculations. In mass balance modelling, the fluxes from the fish farm should be compared to other fluxes to, within and from coastal areas. Results collected in this study show that: (1) at the smallest scale (<1 ha), the "footprint" expressing the impact areas of fish cage farm often corresponds to the size of a "football field" (50-100 m) if the annual fish production is about 50 ton, (2) at the local scale (1 ha to 100 km2), there exists a simple load diagram (effect-load-sensitivity) to relate the environmental response and effects from a specific load from a fish cage farm. This makes it possible to obtain a first estimate of the maximum allowable fish production in a specific coastal area, (3) at the regional scale (100-10,000 km2), it is possible to create negative nutrient fluxes, i.e., use fish farming as a method to reduce the nutrient loading to the sea. The breaking point is to use more than about 1.1 g wet weight regionally caught wild fish per gram feed for the cultivated fish, and (4) at the international scale (>10,000 km2) related to the Baltic Proper, the contribution from fish farms to the overall nutrient fluxes are very small. We have also given two case-studies at the local scale where the impact of the fish farm emissions are greatest and the idea is to identify coastal areas unsuitable and suitable for fish cage farms and the reasons why. It should also be stressed that the results presented here are exemplified using emissions from fish farms, but that the underlying principles to evaluate the ecosystem effects of nutrient discharges from point source emissions are valid in a wider and more general perspective.     

有机物和海洋碳循环

有机物和海洋碳循环ＮｏｂｕｈｉｋｏＨａｎｄａ大洋是控制大气二氧化碳的决定因素，所以海洋系统中的碳循环以及空气—海洋相互作用引起的二氧化碳转换均集中在体现其化学和生物过程。该过程主要包含由浮游植物光合作用、有机物从表层至深部水的垂直搬运以及其降解作用又...     

海底泥的温度对A3钢腐蚀影响研究

随着海洋石油开发事业的发展，埋入海底泥中的钢铁管线愈来愈多，原油和天然气的海底输送管线均有一定温度，使管～泥界面区的温度升高。了解温度变化对钢铁腐蚀速度的影响，是海底管线工程设计所必需的，然而这种试验难度高、耗资大。工程设计部门往往采取推论、估算的方法，这样带有一定盲目性，往往带来巨大的浪费。作者利用国内外首创的“ＭＤ”原状海底泥试验方法①，进行了海底泥温对钢腐蚀速率的影响的部分研究工作。１材料与方法１．１实验钢材为Ａ３钢，成分见表１。１．２实验海底泥随工程地质调查船，利用“ＭＤ”法取渤海海底泥…