岷江上游土壤资源的保护性利用

岷江上游土地面积24741平方公里,土壤面积20627平方公里。区内土壤垂直分异显著,土壤类型众多,以林地土壤为主,草地土壤居次,耕作土壤甚微,土壤质量差。土壤资源的保护性利用是:加强水利租农田基本建设,精耕细作,增加覆被物,改良土壤,控制林木采伐量和草场载畜量,以促进农林牧业发展。     

Temporal variation in soil detachment under different land uses in the Loess Plateau of China

Measurements of temporal variations in soil detachability under different land uses are badly needed to develop new algorithms or evaluate the existing ones for temporal adjustment of soil detachability in continuous soil erosion models. Few studies have been conducted in the Loess Plateau to quantify temporal variations in detachment rate of runoff under different land uses. The objectives of this study were to investigate the temporal variations of soil detachment rate under different land uses and to further identify the potential factors causing the change in detachment rate in the Loess Plateau. Undisturbed soil samples were collected in the fields of arable land (millet, soybean, corn, and potato), grassland, shrub land, wasteland, and woodland and tested in a laboratory flume under a constant hydraulic condition. The measurements started in mid‐April and ended in early October, 2006. The results showed that soil detachment rate of each land use fluctuated considerably over time. Distinctive temporal variation in detachment rate was found throughout the summer growing season of measurement in each land use. The maximum detachment rates of different land uses varied from 0·019 to 0·490 kg m^–2 s^–1 and the minimum detachment rates ranged from 0·004 to 0·092 kg m^–2 s^–1. Statistical analysis using a paired‐samples t‐test indicated that variations in soil detachment rate differed significantly at the 0·05 level between land uses in most cases. The major factors responsible for the temporal variation of soil detachment were tillage operations (such as planting, ploughing, weeding, harvesting), soil consolidation, and root growth. The influence of tillage operations on soil detachment depended on the degree of soil disturbance caused by the operations. The consolidation of the topsoil over time after tillage was reflected by increases in soil bulk density and soil cohesion. As soil bulk density and cohesion increased, detachment rate decreased. The impact of root density was inconclusive in this study. Further studies are needed to quantify the effects of root density on temporal variations of soil detachment. This work provides useful information for developing temporal adjustments to soil detachment rate in continuous soil erosion models in the Loess Plateau. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Oracle复制技术在地震前兆元数据交换中的应用

根据"十五"中国地震前兆信息网络建设的需要,在全国地震系统中实现地震前兆数据的自动化交换管理.我们分析提取出地震前兆元数据的管理模型并基于Oracle快照复制技术设计和实现了地震前兆元数据的交换管理.本文对Oraele快照复制技术做了较为详细的介绍,并分析指出了Oracle快照复制技术应用于地震前兆元数据交换的关键点,结合数据管理系统在地震前兆中的实际使用情况做了简要讨论.实践证明,基于Oracle快照复制技术实现的地震前兆台网数据管理系统软件完全满足了地震前兆网络建设的需要.     

Decentralized robust control of building structures under seismic excitations

Many of the control algorithms proposed for structures subjected to seismic excitations are based on a centralized design philosophy, such as the linear quadratic regulator (LQR) design. The information of all the states of the system is usually required in these methods to determine the control command. For applications involving large‐scale systems, it may be more convenient to design decentralized controllers that depend only on the information of the local states for control command calculation. In this study, a nonlinear decentralized robust control algorithm is proposed. The structural system is decomposed into several artificially uncoupled subsystems. The interconnections between adjacent subsystems are treated as uncertain but bounded disturbances to the subsystems. The controller associated with one subsystem determines the control command based only on the states of the local subsystem. Numerical examples of linear and nonlinear structural models are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed controller. The traditional LQR design is used as a baseline for comparison. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

汶川Ms8．0地震的短临地电波动（潮汐力谐振和共振波-HRT波）前兆

简要介绍了强震短临前兆的HRT波模型,和用HRT波模型分析强震前地电观测资料预测未来强震的时间、地点、震级三要素方法。用HRT波模型分析了2008年汶川MS8.0地震前四川红格地电台的记录资料,提取出了汶川MS8.0地震前短临前兆信息。     

江西省地震工程地质现状与防灾展望——兼谈汶川地震对江西的启示

(1 概况.江西省位于欧亚板块东南部,跨扬子准地台和华南褶皱系两个地块(24°29′～30°04′N,113°34′～118°29′E).其南部地处华南沿海地震带,主要受河源一邵武断裂带与南岭纬向构造带控制;北部地处长江中游地震带,主要受郯城一庐江断裂带和扬州一铜陵断裂带控制,地质构造复杂,新构造及现代构造运动活跃,历史上曾多次发生破坏性地震.     

全球温度变化的热力学平衡和最新发现

本文提出了一种新的研究全球气候温度变化的思路。为发现全球气候变化的宏观规律,把生物圈系统作为一个整体的物质进行研究,从而把纷繁复杂的全球气候温度变化问题归纳成经典物理学的热量与温度变化问题。给出了广义生物圈的热平衡测量Q值和温度变化的热力学公式,并在实际数据的基础上通过计算发现人类使用矿物燃料和核能所排放的热量理论上可使全球海平面每年升高35 mm或者可使大气对流层温度每年升高011 ℃。该发现表明:能源热量因素已成为影响全球温度变化的重要因素。     

基于GIS的中国人居环境自然适宜性评价

With the degeneration of environment and acceleration of urbanization, human environment has attracted great attention worldwide. This paper sets up the Human Settle-ments Environment Index (HEI) model and evaluates the natural environment suitability for Human Settlements in China based on GIS technology. The results show that the HEI of China decreases from southeast to northwest in general, HEI is significantly correlated with population density at grid size and the correlation coefficient (r) between them reaches 0.93, which indicates that natural environment suitability for Human Settlements has a significant influence on population distribution. Most people in China mainly concentrate in areas with high natural environment suitability. The total suitable area is 430.47×104> km2, which ac-counts for nearly 45% of the total land area in China, while the proportion of people living in the area reaches 96.56%. With a population density of 18 people per square kilometer, the critical area is the transitional region for people to live in China. The critical area covers 225.11×104 km2 with a population of 41.12 million. The non-suitable area covers 304.42×104 km2 with a population of only 2.49 million.     

Electromagnetic anomaly before earthquakes measured by electromagnetic experiments

Three experiments are carried out for earthquake monitoring using electromagnetic (EM) methods in recent years. Some earthquakes occurred in chance of the measurement time period for each experiment and the anomalies were recorded before the shocks. The observation at a site 20 km away from the epicenter of Zhangbei MS6.2 earthquake in 1998 shows that the apparent resistivity decreases in the strike direction before and/or during the earthquake and the resistivity increases in the de-cline direction. This a...     

Comprehensive precursor anomaly research based on earthquake corresponding relevancy spectrum

With the aim to the quantification of anomaly identification and extraction for observed or analyzed records, we present two statistical methods of earthquake corresponding relevancy spectrum(ECRS)and sliding mean relevancy (SMR).With ECRS method,we can obtain the abnormal confidence attribute of data in different value ranges.Based on the relevancy spectrum in different studied time-intervals,we convert the original time sequence into relevancy time sequence, and can obtain the SMR time series by using the...