FTIR Spectroscopy Data and Carbon Isotope Characteristics of the Ophiolite‐hosted Diamonds

We report new δ¹³C ‐values data and N‐content and N‐aggregation state values for microdiamonds recovered from peridotites and chromitites of the Luobusa ophiolite (Tibet) and chromitites of the Ray‐Iz ophiolite in the Polar Urals (Russia). All analyzed microdiamonds contain significant nitrogen contents (from 108 up to 589 ± 20% atomic ppm) with a consistently low aggregation state, show identical IR spectra dominated by strong absorption between 1130 cm^?1 and 1344 cm^?1, and hence characterize Type Ib diamond. Microdiamonds from the Luobusa peridotites have δ¹³C ‐PDB‐values ranging from ‐28.7‰ to ‐16.9‰, and N‐contents from 151 to 589 atomic ppm. The δ¹³C and N‐content values for diamonds from the Luobusa chromitites are ‐29‰ to ‐15.5‰ and 152 to 428 atomic ppm, respectively. Microdiamonds from the Ray‐Iz chromitites show values varying from ‐27.6 ‰ to ‐21.6 ‰ in δ¹³C and from 108 to 499 atomic ppm in N. The carbon isotopes values bear similar features with previously analyzed metamorphic diamonds from other worldwide localities, but the samples are characterized by lower N‐contents. In every respect, they are different from diamonds occurring in kimberlites and impact craters. Our samples also differ from the few synthetic diamonds; we also analyzed showing enhanced δ¹³C ‐variability and less advanced aggregation state than synthetic diamonds. Our newly obtained N‐aggregation state and N‐content data are consistent with diamond formation over a narrow and rather cold temperature range (i.e. <950°C), and in a short residence time (i.e. within several million years) at high temperatures in the deep mantle.     

雅鲁藏布江缝合带西段东波地幔橄榄岩体钻孔岩心研究

东波地幔橄榄岩是雅鲁藏布江缝合带内代表性超镁铁岩体,位于缝合带西段,面积超过400km2。为查明岩体成因,在岩体中实施了一口千米深的科学钻探(DSD-1)。除上部有约23m厚的第四系堆积物外,钻孔均钻进在地幔橄榄岩中,孔深1002.06m,岩心采取率96.62%。岩心编录结合显微镜下鉴定将岩心划分出44个岩性单元层,并进一步归并为上、下两套岩性:上部(23.1～340.17m)为含单辉方辉橄榄岩(斜方辉石含量为15～20%,单斜辉石含量不足5%);下部(340.17～1002.06m)为方辉橄榄岩(斜方辉石含量为10%～15%,几乎不含单斜辉石),其中发育薄层状纯橄岩和辉石岩以及辉绿岩脉。矿物学及全岩地球化学研究揭示:①东波地幔橄榄岩以方辉橄榄岩为主,其次为含单辉方辉橄榄岩,它们均具有亏损的全岩地球化学及矿物成分组成,指示它们为经历过中高程度部分熔融后的地幔残余岩石;经历过富水流体(熔体)交代作用,表现为角闪石呈柱状交代斜方辉石;②纯橄岩和辉石岩以透镜状或薄层状脉体发育于方辉橄榄岩中,具有岩浆成因的矿物组成,见交代矿物角闪石,指示它们可能为交代成因;③辉绿岩脉兼具N-MORB和弧玄武岩的化学属性,以低SiO2、高MgO和高Al2O3含量为特征,具有与Western Lau Basin玄武岩一致的REE配分型式,形成于较为成熟的弧后盆地环境。东波地幔橄榄岩(及其中的纯橄岩、辉石岩和辉绿岩脉)在成因上与俯冲带关系密切,都受到了与俯冲带相关地质作用的影响。     

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InSAR最小二乘相位解缠权重确定的一种新方法

雷达信号的低信噪比、地形起伏引起的阴影、遮掩以及其它种种原因造成的去相干现象导致相位数据的不连续,使得相位解缠结果出现偏差甚至是完全错误。在分析影响最小二乘相位解缠权重选择因素的基础上,将频域置信度作为权重选择方法进行相位解缠数据处理,结果表明,该方法很好地克服了最小二乘法对于相位坡度欠估计的缺点,且解缠结果具有较高精度和稳定性。     

海-气振荡子的动力行为与不稳态演化的研究

从数学上严格证明了非线性随机海-气振荡子模型存在一个稳定的极限环;随后转换成Fokker-Planck方程(FPE),从非平衡系统动力学角度首次研究ENSO从不稳态向稳态演化的问题。研究表明:(1)当初始处于不稳定的状态向稳态演化时,在最不稳定流型的决定下,系统只向一对对称的稳态演化,一稳态释为准正常的气候状态;另一稳态释为异常气候状态,即强ENSO状态;(2)若初始条件分布不在原点,由确定性方程可知,系统将向反对称的稳态演化,但在随机力的作用下,产生了与确定系统有本质区别的结果,即当t→∞时,绝大部分概率仍然对半地分布在对称势井内,而反对称势井内几乎不存在概率分布,计算结果与观测事实相吻合;(3)从动力学宏观理论上来看,准气候正常态与强ENSO是两个平衡态,遵循统一的动力学理论框架,它们有相同的时空尺度;ENSO是南方涛动和El Ni~no循环的统称,将它们纳入统一的框架体系来研究,说明它们的合理性;但从微观理论上看,南方涛动、El Ni~no和La Nina三者又反映出气候不同的位相,如何反映出El Ni~na和La Nina位相转换等,应建立它们本身的动力学框架。     

青海冬季区域持续性低温事件变化及成因分析

利用1961 - 2017年青海省43站逐日最低气温观测资料, 依据区域持续性低温事件判识标准, 提取历史上61次典型事件, 对影响该类事件的环流演变和前兆信号进行分析。结果表明： 事件发展中北半球极涡经历分裂 - 收缩增强的变化过程, 中高纬自西向东逐渐发展为“正 - 负 - 正”异常波列状分布; 事件发生当日, 大西洋地区、 乌拉尔山及西伯利亚地区高度场异常偏高, 东亚大槽偏深, 利于自极地南下的冷空气在西欧上空堆积并沿纬向西风急流路径向东传播影响东亚地区。进一步分析表明, 当出现该类事件时, 中高纬地区存在三个关键影响区, 其中乌拉尔山关键区高度场正异常同此类事件的联系最紧密。     

1920～2000年全球6～8月陆地旱涝气候变化

用 192 0～ 2 0 0 0年全球 6～ 8月陆地降水量资料研究了全球、北、南半球 6～ 8月旱涝特征。采用加权平均的 6～ 8月降水距平指数和加权平均的 6～ 8月旱涝面积指数来表示全球的旱涝程度 ;从而划分了 192 0～ 2 0 0 0年的全球 6～ 8月降水量的旱涝年。对划分的旱、涝年进行了旱涝年差异的MonteCarlo检验。研究结果指出 ,在 192 0～2 0 0 0年中 ,1988( 193 0 )年是全球最严重的涝 (旱 )年 ,其次是 195 4( 1976)年。全球的及北、南半球的旱涝有明显的年代际变化。 2 0世纪 2 0年代为全球 6～ 8月干旱多发期 ,2 0～ 40年代为全球 6～ 8月洪涝少发期 ,5 0～ 60年代为全球洪涝多发期 ,70年代～ 2 0 0 0年全球旱涝爆发频繁 ,旱年多于涝年。北半球的特征与全球较为一致。南、北半球陆地分别作用为一个整体 ,它们的 6～ 8月旱涝没有明显的联系 ,但是当发生暖 (冷 )事件时 ,南、北半球 6～ 8月可能出现干旱 (洪涝 ) ,全球 6～ 8月的旱涝变化与ENSO之间有明显的联系     

重铬酸钾法测定废水COD条件改进的研究

本提出用ＣｕＳＯ４作催化剂，在Ｈ２ＳＯ４－Ｈ２ＰＯ４溶液中，重铬酸钾回流测定废水ＣＯＤ的方法，实验表明，最佳测定条件为：ＣｕＳＯ４浓度为７×１０＾－２ｍｏｌ．Ｌ＾－１（混酸溶液）：Ｈ２ＳＯ４：Ｈ３ＰＯ４＝５：１（体积比）回流时间２ｈ，通过与标准方法对比，测定结果满意，本方法的优点是：不需用贵重金试剂Ａｇ２ＳＯ４，改用ＣｕＳＯ４作催化剂，精密度高，准确性好，具有一定的实用价值。     

Predictability of the wintertime 500 hPa geopotential height over Ural-Siberia in the NCEP climate forecast system

Climate Dynamics - Using hindcast and forecast data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) climate forecast system version 2 (CFSv2) for the period 1982–2017, we...     

The 2009 Summer Low Temperature in Northeast China and Its Association with Prophase Changes of the Air-Sea System

Under the background of global warming, summer (JJA) low temperature events in Northeast China had not occurred for about 15 yr since 1994, but one such event took place in 2009. By using the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data, the 100-yr station temperature data at Harbin and Changchun, and the Hadley Center sea surface temperature (SST) data, this paper intends to reveal the cause, circulation background, and influencing factors of this event. Analysis of both horizontal and vertical circulations of a low-value system over Northeast China in summer 2009 during the low temperature event shows that anomalous activities of the Northeast China cold vortex (NECV) played the most direct role. A decadal cooling trend of-0.8 C (10 yr)-1 over 1999-2008 at Changchun and Harbin was found, which is obviously out-of-phase with the linear warming trend (0.2 C (10 yr)-1 ) over 1961-2000 for Northeast China in response to the global warming. The previous winter North Pacific polar vortex (NPPV) area index, significantly positively related to the observed summer temperatures of Harbin and Changchun, was also in a significantly declining tendency. These provide favorable decadal backgrounds for the 2009 low temperature event. Different from the average anomaly field of 500-hPa height for summer 1994-2008 in Northeast China, in the summer of 2009, the Arctic Oscillation (AO) showed a strong negative phase distribution, and significant negative height anomalies dominated Northeast Asia, Aleutian Islands, and North Atlantic. Furthermore, the negative phase of North Pacific Oscillation (NPO) in the winter of 2008 was obviously strong, and it maintained in the spring of 2009. Meanwhile, the SSTA in the equatorial eastern-central Pacific Ocean in the winter of 2008 showed a La Nina phase, but the strength of the La Nina weakened obviously in the spring of 2009. The abnormally strong activities of NECV in June and July of 2009 were related to the disturbances of stationary waves that replaced the original ultra-long waves over the North Pacific region in April and May 2009. The singular value decomposition (SVD) and harmonic analysis results suggest that the anomalous phase of NPO is an important precursor for summer temperature variations over Northeast China, and also a stable planetary-scale component that can be extracted from the atmospheric circulation in addition to the chaotic components on the synoptic scale.