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901.
The effects of scattering and resonance on the energy dissipation of an internal tide were investigated using a two-dimensional
model which is a reassembled version of the theoretical generation model devised by Rattray et al. (1969) for internal tide. The basic character of the scattering process at the step bottom was first investigated with a
wide shelf model. When the internal wave incited from a deep region (Region II) into the shallow shelf region (Region I),
a passing wave into the shallow region, a reflected wave into the deep region, and a beam-like wave, i.e. a scattered wave
(SW), emanated at the step bottom. The SW, which consists of the superposition of numerous internal modes, propagated upward/downward
into both regions. The general properties of the SW were well expressed around the shelf edge, even in the present model with
viscosity effect. The amplitude of the SW decreased dramatically when the depth of the velocity maximum of the incident internal
wave in Region II corresponded with the depth of the shelf edge. In the narrow shelf model, where the decay distance of the
internal wave in Region I is longer than the shelf width, the incident internal wave reflected at the coast to form a standing
wave. When the internal wave in Region I is enhanced by the resonance, the energy of the SW in Region II is also intensified.
Furthermore, the energy of the modes in Region II predominated when the velocity maximum is identical to that of the dominant
mode in Region I. These results suggest that the spatial scale of shelf region is a very important factor governing the energy
dissipation of the internal tide through reflection and scattering in a narrow shelf. 相似文献
902.
The recent sea-ice reduction in the Arctic Ocean is not spatially uniform, but is disproportionally large around the Northwind
Ridge and Chukchi Plateau compared to elsewhere in the Canada Basin. In the Northwind Ridge region, Pacific Summer Water (PSW)
delivered from the Bering Sea occupies the subsurface layer. The spatial distribution of warm PSW shows a quite similar pattern
to the recent ice retreat, suggesting the influence of PSW on the sea-ice reduction. To understand the regionality of the
recent ice retreat, we examine the dynamics and timing of the delivery of the PSW into this region. Here, we adopt a two-layer
linearized potential vorticity equation to investigate the behavior of Rossby waves in the presence of a topographic discontinuity
in the high latitude ocean. The analytical results show a quite different structure from those of mid-latitude basins due
to the small value of β. Incident barotropic waves excited by the sea-ice motion with large annual variation can be scattered
into both barotropic and baroclinic modes at the discontinuity. Since the scattered baroclinic Rossby wave with annual frequency
cannot propagate freely, a strong baroclinic current near the topographic discontinuity is established. The seasonal variation
of current near the topographic discontinuity would cause a kind of selective switching system for shelf water transport into
the basin. In our simple analytical model, the enhanced northward transport of summer water and reduced northward transport
of winter water are well demonstrated. The present study indicates that these basic dynamics imply that a strengthening of
the surface forcing during winter in the Canada Basin could cause sea-ice reduction in the Western Arctic through the changes
of underlying Pacific Summer Water. 相似文献
903.
Ryoko Tokeshi Kaoru Ichikawa Satoshi Fujii Kenji Sato Shoichiro Kojima 《Journal of Oceanography》2007,63(4):711-720
A method to extract geostrophic current in the daily mean HF radar data in the Kuroshio upstream region is established by
comparison with geostrophic velocity determined from the along-track altimetry data. The estimated Ekman current in the HF
velocity is 1.2% (1.5%) and 48° (38°)-clockwise rotated with respect to the daily mean wind in (outside) the Kuroshio. Furthermore,
additional temporal smoothing is found necessary to remove residual ageostrophic currents such as the inertial oscillation.
After removal of the ageostrophic components, the HF geostrophic velocity agrees well with that from the altimetry data with
rms difference 0.14 (0.12) m/s in (outside) the Kuroshio. 相似文献
904.
In 1995, Suh and Park developed a numerical model that computes the reflection of regular waves from a fully perforated-wall caisson breakwater. This paper describes how to apply this model to a partially perforated-wall caisson and irregular waves. To examine the performance of the model, existing experimental data are used for regular waves, while a laboratory experiment is conducted in this study for irregular waves. The numerical model based on a linear wave theory tends to over-predict the reflection coefficient of regular waves as the wave nonlinearity increases, but such an over-prediction is not observed in the case of irregular waves. For both regular and irregular waves, the numerical model slightly over- and under-predicts the reflection coefficients at larger and smaller values, respectively, because the model neglects the evanescent waves near the breakwater. 相似文献
905.
Seasonal variation of suspended-sediment transport through the southern Bohai Strait 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Naishuang Bi Zuosheng Yang Houjie Wang Dejiang Fan Xiaoxia Sun Kun Lei 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2011
Based on field observations made in winter 2006 and summer 2007 and on multiscene MODerate resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) imagery, the seasonal variation of suspended-sediment transport in the southern Bohai Strait and its possible mechanisms are examined. The field observations in two different seasons allow an exponential empirical model to be used to retrieve suspended-sediment concentration (SSC) from MODIS imagery. Both the field-survey data and the MODIS-derived SSC show that the sediment transport in the southern Bohai Strait has a significant seasonal variation due to the seasonally varying thermohaline structure of the water column and the hydrodynamics resulting from the seasonally alternating monsoons. The SSC in winter is approximately 3–10 times higher than in summer. Considering the seasonal variation of water flux (WF) and SSC, the annual sediment flux (SSF) through the southern Bohai Strait is estimated to be approximately 40.0 Mt yr−1, about 4–8 times previous estimates, which did not take into account seasonal variation. Although the Huanghe (Yellow River) discharges a large amount of sediment in the summer, the SSF through the southern Bohai Strait in the winter (∼32.0 Mt) is about 4 times greater than it is in the summer. The strong seasonal variability of SSF through the southern Bohai Strait indicates that strong resuspension along the coast of the Huanghe delta in winter and enhanced longshore transport by coastal currents due to winter monsoon activity might be the major mechanisms of cross-strait transport of sediment in winter. 相似文献
906.
An-Yi Tsai Gwo-Ching Gong Kuo-Ping Chiang Chien-Fu Chao Herng-Ru Guo 《Journal of Oceanography》2011,67(6):725-737
The spatial distribution of heterotrophic ciliates, environmental factors and potential food items (bacteria, Synechococcus spp. and nanoflagellates) were measured in the East China Sea to examine which variables contributed importantly to the long-term
distribution of ciliates between 1998 and 2007. In July 1998 and June 2003, heterotrophic ciliates were found to be abundant
(1,000–2,000 × 103 cells m−3) in regions where surface salinity <32 but extremely low (<500 × 103 cells m−3) in shelf waters of surface salinity >32. After August 2003, shortly after the completion of the Three Gorges Dam, we found
no significant areal differences in the abundance of heterotrophic ciliates (HC). However, we found a significantly negative
correlation between temperature and HC abundance of surface water after the completion of the dam, suggesting that temperature
had a greater influence on HC abundance, once the original saline state had changed. For the long-term trends on the vertical
distribution of HC, their abundance was significantly higher in the upper 50 m of the water column than at either 75 or 100 m.
Abundance of Synechococcus spp. at these levels varied significantly in regions of surface salinity <32, suggesting that ciliates and picophytoplankton
contribute greatly to mediating the transfer of organic matter to higher trophic levels in this marine ecosystem. 相似文献
907.
A series of regular and irregular wave experiments are conducted to study the reflective and transmitting performances of quarter circular breakwater (QCB) in comparison with those of semi-circular breakwater (SCB). Based on regular wave tests, the reflection and transmission characteristics of QCB are analyzed and a few influencing factors are investigated. Then, the wave energy dissipation as wave passing over the breakwater is discussed based on the hydraulic coefficients of QCB and SCB. In irregular wave experiments, the reflection coefficients of QCB and their spectrums are studied. Finally, the comparisons between the experimental results and numerical simulations for QCB under regular and irregular wave conditions are presented. 相似文献
908.
Numerical simulation of groundwater flowing to horizontal seepage wells under a river 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
A horizontal seepage well, consisting of an interconnected vertical well, galleries, chambers and small-diameter radiating
bores, is used to acquire relatively clean water that has been filtered through natural alluvial deposits in a riverbed. It
has wide application, especially in arid and semi-arid areas. The lack of calculation formulae or models for horizontal seepage
wells, up until now, has resulted in several false applications. Based on the analysis of groundwater flow characteristics,
it has been concluded that several flow regimes coexist and hydraulic head loss exists in the horizontal seepage well. To
avoid the difficulty of confirming the flux or head distribution in such a complex system, the model boundary of the whole
horizontal seepage well has been moved to that of just the vertical well, and the well-aquifer system was treated as a heterogeneous
medium, where the horizontal seepage well itself is a highly permeability medium. A mathematical model has been developed,
based on the coupled seepage-pipe flow, by the introduction of equivalent hydraulic conductivity according to different flow
regimes. Then a three-dimensional finite difference numerical model, based on the mathematical model, was developed and applied
to a horizontal seepage well in China. The numerical model verified the groundwater flow characteristics of the horizontal
seepage well.
An erratum to this article can be found at 相似文献
909.
矿物标型六性及其在胶东金矿中的应用 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
目前矿物标型研究和应用已进入一个新的阶段。作者从哲学的高度,把国内外矿物标型特征的分散研究加以集中概括和总结,提出了“矿物标型六性”的普遍规律,即普遍性、特殊性、变化性、相应性、继承性和分带性,对矿物标型特征研究具重要的指导意义。这些规律在胶东金矿中得到广泛应用,并已取得良好效果。 相似文献
910.
Phosphorus Speciation in Stream Bed Sediments from an Agricultural Watershed: Solid-Phase Associations and Sorption Behavior 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The sorption behavior and solid-phase associations of phosphorus (P) in fine-grained sediments (<63 μm) from two upstream
tributaries and one downstream main stem site of the Spoon River in west-central Illinois were characterized to better understand
phosphorus bioavailability in this agriculturally dominated watershed. The P sorption affinities, as indicated by linear distribution
coefficients (K
d), of all sediments were 330–5,150 L/kg, and negatively correlated with equilibrium phosphorus concentration (EPCo) values, which ranged between 0.2 and 2.2 μM. pH values measured at the conclusion of the sorption experiments varied only
slightly (7.45–8.10) but were nonetheless strongly positively correlated to EPCo values, and negatively correlated to K
d values, suggesting the importance of pH to the observed sorption behavior. K
d values were generally lower and EPCo values higher at the main stem site than at the upstream tributary sites, suggesting dissolved reactive P (DRP) bioavailability
(specifically orthophosphate) increased downstream. The solid phase associations of P were operationally assessed with the
streamlined SEDEX (sedimentary extraction) procedure, and most sediment P (≥50%) was released during the step designed to
determine iron oxide–associated P. On average, 70–90% of the total sediment P pool was potentially bioavailable, as estimated
by the sum of the iron oxide-, authigenic carbonate-, and organic-associated P fractions. Considerable calcium was also extracted
from some sediments during the step designed to specifically remove iron oxide–associated P. It is hypothesized that the severe
drought conditions that persisted between April and October, 2005 allowed authigenic carbonates (perhaps partly amorphous)
to accumulate, and that these carbonates dissolved during the iron oxide extraction step. The extensive benthic algal populations
also present may have aided carbonate precipitation, which under more normal hydrologic conditions would be periodically flushed
downstream and replaced by fresh sediment. This suggests antecedent hydrologic conditions played a dominant role in the P
sorption and solid phase associations identified. 相似文献