Deformation characteristics of inherently anisotropic granular media under repeated traffic loading: a DEM study

Acta Geotechnica - The cardioid-shaped loading path induced by moving traffic has been reproduced in the virtual element test of granular media using the discrete element method (DEM). The DEM...     

Behaviour of an outward inclined-vertical framed retaining wall of an excavation

Acta Geotechnica - A new excavation retaining structure, referred to as an outward inclined-vertical framed retaining wall (OIVFRW), has been developed and adopted in practice. This retaining...     

Temporal variations of reference evapotranspiration and controlling factors: Implications for climatic drought in karst areas

Variations in reference evapotranspiration (ET₀) and drought characteristics play a key role in the effect of climate change on water cycle and associated ecohydrological patterns. The accurate estimation of ET₀ is still a challenge due to the lack of meteorological data and the heterogeneity of hydrological system. Although there is an increasing trend in extreme drought events with global climate change, the relationship between ET₀ and aridity index in karst areas has been poorly studied. In this study, we used the Penman–Monteith method based on a long time series of meteorological data from 1951 to 2015 to calculate ET₀ in a typical karst area, Guilin, Southwest China. The temporal variations in climate variables, ET₀ and aridity index (AI) were analyzed with the Mann–Kendall trend test and linear regression to determine the climatic characteristics, associated controlling factors of ET₀ variations, and further to estimate the relationship between ET₀ and AI. We found that the mean, maximum and minimum temperatures had increased significantly during the 65-year study period, while sunshine duration, wind speed and relative humidity exhibited significant decreasing trends. The annual ET₀ showed a significant decreasing trend at the rate of ?8.02 mm/10a. However, significant increase in air temperature should have contributed to the enhancement of ET₀, indicating an “evaporation paradox”. In comparison, AI showed a slightly declining trend of ?0.0005/a during 1951–2015. The change in sunshine duration was the major factor causing the decrease in ET₀, followed by wind speed. AI had a higher correlation with precipitation amount, indicating that the variations of AI was more dependent on precipitation, but not substantially dependent on the ET₀. Although AI was not directly related to ET₀, ET₀ had a major contribution to seasonal AI changes. The seasonal variations of ET₀ played a critical role in dryness/wetness changes to regulate water and energy supply, which can lead to seasonal droughts or water shortages in karst areas. Overall, these findings provide an important reference for the management of agricultural production and water resources, and have an important implication for drought in karst regions of China.     

基于颗粒阻尼器的多鼓型古柱抗震性能研究

为保护地震作用下历史遗迹帕特农神庙多鼓石柱,提出将破损的石鼓替换为填充颗粒的空鼓,以减轻多鼓石柱动力响应。本文基于PFC3D与FLAC3D软件,实现了离散-有限耦合作用,模拟了附有颗粒阻尼器帕特农神庙多鼓型石柱,研究了颗粒阻尼器对帕特农神庙石柱的减震效果,并分析地震强度、频率、阻尼器位置等因素对减震效果的影响。研究结果表明,将颗粒阻尼器替换破损的空鼓,PFC3D与FLAC3D耦合计算结果与试验结果基本一致,减震效果显著,说明耦合分析方法研究颗粒阻尼器抗震性能具有较高的可靠性;地震强度不同时,分层颗粒阻尼器仍可较好地耗散能量;颗粒阻尼器对结构的减震性能受激励频率的影响显著,频率越高,减震效果越好;颗粒阻尼器布置在古柱中上部减震效果优于布置在古柱下部。     

五指山台DSQ水管倾斜仪和VP垂直摆观测数据质量对比分析

通过对五指山台DSQ水管倾斜仪和VP垂直摆的观测数据统计,精度内在质量以及同震形变波分析,认为连续率、漂移量、内精度资料质量指标均符合形变要求规范。水管倾斜仪和VP垂直摆对不同震中距的地震记录存在较大差异:①当震中距较小时,水管仪无同震响应,VP垂直摆同震记录清晰;②当震中距＞6000 km时,两种仪器记录能力相当。      

Projection of droughts and their socioeconomic exposures based on terrestrial water storage anomaly over China

Science China Earth Sciences - Global warming has altered the thermodynamic and dynamic environments of the climate system, thus affecting the energy budget and water cycle process of the...     

Rapid report of the 8 January 2022 ​MS 6.9 Menyuan earthquake,Qinghai, China

The M_S 6.9 Menyuan earthquake in Qinghai Province, west China is the largest earthquake by far in 2022. The earthquake occurs in a tectonically active region, with a background b-value of 0.87 within 100 ?km of the epicenter that we derived from the unified catalog produced by China Earthquake Networks Center since late 2008. Field surveys have revealed surface ruptures extending 22 ?km along strike, with a maximum ground displacement of 2.1 ?m. We construct a finite fault model with constraints from InSAR observations, which showed multiple fault segments during the Menyuan earthquake. The major slip asperity is confined within 10 ?km at depth, with the maximum slip of 3.5 ?m. Near real-time back-projection results of coseismic radiation indicate a northwest propagating rupture that lasted for ～10 ?s. Intensity estimates from the back-projection results show up to a Mercalli scale of IX near the ruptured area, consistent with instrumental measurements and the observations from the field surveys. Aftershock locations (up to January 21, 2022) exhibit two segments, extending to ～20 ?km in depth. The largest one reaches M_S 5.3, locating near the eastern end of the aftershock zone. Although the location and the approximate magnitude of the mainshock had been indicated by previous studies based on paleoearthquake records and seismic gap, as well as estimated stressing rate on faults, significant surface-breaching rupture leads to severe damage of the high-speed railway system, which poses a challenge in accurately assessing earthquake hazards and risks, and thus demands further investigations of the rupture behaviors for crustal earthquakes.     

伊利石40Ar-39Ar年龄的统计分析与成藏期

为了确定鄂尔多斯盆地苏里格气田的成藏年代,通过提取砂岩储层中的黏土质填隙物,分离分级成 < 0.5、0.5~1.0、1.0~2.0μm的分样品,进行伊利石激光阶段加热40Ar-39Ar定年.等时线年龄是自生伊利石与碎屑伊利石的混合年龄.通过趋势分析和回归分析分别获得极小的趋势年龄和极小的回归年龄,该年龄比较接近自生伊利石年龄.测试结果表明,伊利石的等时线年龄介于160.9~232.0 Ma之间,为自生伊利石与碎屑伊利石的混合年龄.采用数理统计方法获得极小趋势年龄和极小回归年龄分别为151.7 Ma和152.4 Ma,该年龄比较接近自生伊利石年龄,代表了热流体活动和油气成藏时间.      

羌塘盆地毕洛错地区古油藏地球化学特征与油源对比

羌塘盆地是一个大型中生代海相沉积盆地,盆地内发育多套烃源岩,并发现多处古油藏和油气显示,确定古油藏油源对油气勘探至关重要.为明确古油藏油源,对古油藏和烃源岩样品进行地球化学分析.研究表明古油藏可分为2类:Ⅰ类古油藏整体处于成熟-高成熟阶段,C₂₄四环萜烷丰度较高,三环萜烷丰度低,C₂₉规则甾烷占有一定优势,C₂₉藿烷含量较高,体现出以陆源有机质贡献为主的特征.Ⅱ类古油藏整体处于低成熟-成熟阶段,以C₂₃三环萜烷为主峰,低丰度C₂₄四环萜烷,C₂₇规则甾烷占优势,表明母质来源以低等水生生物为主.油源对比表明,两类古油藏来源于不同的烃源岩,Ⅰ类油藏来自于上三叠统扎那组烃源岩,Ⅱ类油藏主要为下侏罗统曲色组烃源岩的贡献.      

川南威远—泸州页岩气井区奥陶系顶部观音桥组岩相和沉积环境

上扬子地区四川盆地南部威远—泸州地区上奥陶统凯迪阶五峰组和志留系底部兰多维列统龙马溪组黑色笔石页岩沉积于滞留缺氧海底且富含有机质,是页岩气的主产层位,介于五峰组和龙马溪组之间的奥陶系顶部赫南特阶观音桥组通常是含腕足类以及三叶虫的灰岩沉积,其化石组成是冈瓦纳冰川事件最盛期在低纬度陆表海区的产物,岩石学微相特征研究能进一步诠释当时海底沉积环境。本文根据威远地区的W2、W4H10井,泸州地区的L2井、L4井、 L5井、 L6井、 L7井、 L8井、 L9井观音桥组微相鉴定识别生物多样性,除常见的Hirnantia腕足动物群、三叶虫Dalmanitina等壳相化石外,还出现海百合、腹足类Homotoma、双壳类、海绵动物碎片和虫管遗迹化石Chondrites(丛藻迹),其化石组成记录了该层位的生物多样性。观音桥组沉积时该区海底富氧环境有利于底栖动物生存,远岸区海底水动力弱,化石粒度偏细且部分化石破碎程度高,未见大量复体珊瑚和钙藻等典型暖水区化石,反映出远岸相观音桥组海底水温可能偏低。