家用太阳能热水器防雷工程设计

通过对家用太阳能热水器结构以及它安装在屋顶的特殊性的认识,从直击雷防护和防雷电波侵入两个方面进行了讨论,并进行了相应的防雷工程设计。     

西秦岭北缘断层的多期变形演化及其构造动力学意义

西秦岭北缘断层是青藏高原东北缘新生代盆地与西秦岭地块之间的边界断层,其构造变形的几何学—运动学特征和变形历史等研究对于重建青藏高原东北缘新生代以来的构造变形时空动力学过程,限定新生代盆地构造属性,揭示印度板块—欧亚板块碰撞汇聚的远程构造响应和青藏高原东北缘隆升等重大科学问题具有重要地质约束.本文通过对西秦岭北缘新生代盆...     

Incoherent scatter spectrum of ionospheric plasma with an anisotropic temperature ion distribution

The expression of anisotropic temperature ion distribution function under the 13-moment approximation is obtained by solving a set of moment equations based on the Boltzmann equation for a relaxation collision model and with consideration of the anisotropic temperature ion distribution. And the incoherent scatter spectrum with an anisotropic temperature ion distribution is simulated in different directions based on the electromagnetic radiation theory of Sheffield. The effects of different electrical field strengths, ratios of electron temperature to ion temperature, and ion-neutral collision frequencies on the incoherent scatter spectrum are all discussed. Finally, the value of theoretical simulation is compared with the measured value of incoherent scattering spectrum. The result show that the incoherent scatter spectrum of ions seriously deviates from the form of the Maxwellian distribution in the equilibrium state. This phenomenon can be attributed to the effects of anisotropic temperature ion distribution, the larger convection electric field, and other factors in high latitude ionosphere.     

Hydrogeochemistry of Water in Coal Measures during Grouting Treatment of Taoyuan Mine,China

Permian coal measure sandstone fissure water (referred to as “coal measure water,” that is, water in coal measures) is one of the important water sources for industrial and agricultural activities in mining areas. However, the regional high-pressure grouting, one of the most widely used floor control methods, may affect the coal measure water which is connected with limestone aquifer. This study used Taoyuan mine, a typical coal mine in Huaibei coalfield, as the research area to study the influencing mechanism of a grouting treatment on the hydrogeochemical evolution of coal measure water. The hydrogeochemical characteristics and water-rock interaction mechanism of the coal measure water before and during the treatment were evaluated using a Piper trigram, ion combination ratio, and hydrogen-oxygen stable isotope. The anions and cations in the coal measure water before and during the treatment had the same trends at SO₄²⁻ > HCO₃⁻ > Cl⁻ and Na⁺ > Ca²⁺ > Mg²⁺, respectively. Hydrochemical types of coal measure water before treatment were mainly SO₄·Cl-Ca·Mg, SO₄·Cl-Na, and HCO₃-Na, and during treatment they were mainly SO₄·Cl-Na and HCO₃-Na. The formation of chemical components of coal measure water before treatment was mainly caused by carbonate dissolution, sulfate dissolution, and pyrite oxidation. During the treatment, sulfate dissolution and pyrite oxidation were the main geochemical processes, and ion exchange was enhanced. Atmospheric precipitation was the source of all water samples, and all showed an obvious ¹⁸O drift.     

A morphological investigation of marine transgression in estuaries

The landscape setting of estuaries varies widely and is an important aspect of determining how they evolve. This paper focusses on alluvial estuaries in river valleys and how they respond to sea level rise. We examine the implications of marine transgression, as a response to sea level rise, where the estuary moves upwards and landwards to maintain its position in the tidal frame (so-called stratigraphic rollover). Here we encapsulate such kinematic movement of the estuary morphology using a ‘morphokinematic’ model, to assess the potential response to sea level rise and sediment supply. The model of the estuary form includes a single convergent channel, intertidal and surrounding floodplains (the valley) and allows the relative importance of the space available for deposition of sediments, the accommodation space, to be investigated as a function of rates of sea level rise and sediment supply. The transgression of the system is determined using a sediment mass balance, taking account of any supply from the river and marine environment. Model results confirm that the transgression distance, measured as the distance the entity moves landward, varies in proportion to the change in accommodation space, which mainly depends on the floodplain area. As the size of the floodplain reduces, the transgression distance is less and the system becomes much more sensitive to changes in the rate of sea level rise or changes in sediment supply. The greater demand for sediment when a floodplain is present results in greater cannibalization of the estuary form (i.e. greater landward movement) to meet the sediment demand. When the floodplain is disconnected from the estuary, the synergistic relationship is lost and the accommodation space increases. The capacity for restoration will depend on the availability of sediment and the prevailing rate of sea level rise.     

改进的标准化累积绝对速度及其在高速铁路地震报警应用中阈值的确定

为降低无破坏性的近震小震对高速铁路地震报警的干扰,本文引入改进的标准化累积绝对速度作为报警参数,研究基于改进的标准化累积绝对速度地震报警阈值计算方法。通过建立车轨模型,分析不同周期横向简谐波作用下的列车安全运行极限状态,得出不同车速下改进的标准化累积绝对速度的起算阈值。参照标准化累积绝对速度CAV_STD计算公式,给出不同车速下改进的标准化累积绝对速度计算公式,并计算不同时速下列车分别在6条不同场地地震波作用下改进的标准化累积绝对速度报警阈值。     

略阳县农居房屋抗震现状调查与评价研究

为精准识别贫困山区农居房屋结构现状完好程度,本文开展略阳县境内41894栋农居房屋抗震现状实地调查,搜集整理域内孕灾环境和致灾因子强度,统计分析域内各行政镇（办）经济水平、农居房屋抗震结构类型和震害等级,预测震害矩阵,计算平均震害指数,并评价抗震能力。研究结果表明:域内农居房屋抗震结构类型包括土木结构、砖木结构和砖混结构;域内农居房屋在VI度地震作用下基本完好的比例为74.04%,在VII度地震作用下发生轻微破坏以下震害等级的比例为83.45%,在VIII度地震作用下发生中等破坏以下震害等级的比例为85.46%;域内农居房屋在地震烈度为VI、VII、VIII、IX、X度时的平均震害指数分别为0.13、0.23、0.32、0.49、0.71,抗震性能较差,不满足“小震不坏、中震可修、大震不倒”的抗震设防目标。     

震源顶部条件-前兆优显层的讨论

在地震预报工作中,人们既期望直接观测到震源地方的情况,又期望观测手段易于实施以及干扰因素较小。但是这几个方面是不易得兼的。例如为了直接观测震源地方的情况,则探测深度就要深,此时测量手段不易实施;如观测震源在地表的间接表现,虽手段易于实     

广西百色盆地东部古近系那读组湖相灰岩

百色盆地东部田东坳陷那坤地区古近系那读组三段下部发育一套数米至数十米厚的湖相灰岩,岩石以浅灰色-灰色、含大量的螺蚌化石和具核形石结构为特征,间夹有薄层的泥岩、钙质泥质粉砂岩。本文在实测地表剖面和详细观察岩心的基础上,仔细研究了此套灰岩的岩石学特征。依据丰富的原生沉积构造、古生物化石标志以及沉积地球化学、测井相特征将湖相灰岩的沉积相划分为滨湖、颗粒滩、浅湖三个亚相以及灰泥坪、沼泽、颗粒坪、滩缘、滩核、滩间水道、灰泥浅湖、泥质浅湖等八个微相,并详细地研究了各微相的沉积特征。结合该灰岩的区域分布和沉积相的平面展布格局指出沉积相主体属于浅湖的颗粒滩,并提出了相应的沉积相模式。