基于气象资料变化特征和辐射传输模式的微波辐射计工作状态分析

提出利用晴天每天早晨08时的观测资料,以大气温度季节变化统计特征为依据,来判断微波辐射计观测期间的工作状态。简要介绍了大气微波辐射传输方程,以南京冬春季节大气温度变化的统计特征为依据,以2010年11月27日—2011年5月29日期间南京某辐射计08时晴天的实验观测资料为例,通过对其12个通道的亮温观测值和计算值进行统计对比和物理分析,给出该辐射计实验观测期间的工作状态判断,认为用于湿度遥感的22.235、23.035、23.835、26.235和30.000GHz五个通道观测期间工作状态良好、稳定,而用于温度遥感的51.25、52.28、53.85、54.94、56.66、57.29和58.80 GHz七个通道性能一直衰退。本文提出的方法可供微波辐射计工作状态监测和观测资料质量控制参考。     

湖南气候对全球气候变化的响应

利用湖南省96个台站1960—2010年逐日气象观测资料,在进行均一性检验和订正的基础上对湖南省气候变化事实进行检测分析。结果表明:湖南气候与全球气候变化一致,呈现以变暖为主要特征的变化,且变暖存在季节、地域上的差异,冬、春、秋气温变暖趋势显著,增暖幅度最大的区域在湘北地区;对气候变暖响应敏感的要素主要是与平均气温、冬季气温相关密切的要素,如季平均气温、年平均最低气温、活动积温等;湖南气温在突变时间上具有较好的时间逻辑关系;湖南降水量无显著趋势变化,但极端降水增加,地域性差异明显,湖南东部地区降水量呈现明显增加趋势,日降水量大于等于100 mm的日数呈显著增加趋势;湖南日照时数、风速、相对湿度均呈现显著减少的变化趋势。     

Local normal height connection across sea with ship-borne gravimetry and GNSS techniques

Heights as the basic geographical information are very important to study marine geophysics, geodesy and oceanography. Based on the astronomical leveling principle, we put forward a new method to unify the normal height (NH) datum along one ship route across sea with the ship-borne gravimetry and global navigation satellite system (GNSS) techniques. Ship-borne gravimeter can precisely measure gravity anomalies and the GNSS technique is used to measure precise sea surface heights (SSHs) along the ship track across sea. Precisions of ship-borne gravities and SSHs are improved with the colinear adjustment. To remove the effects of sea wave and wind, the Gaussian filter is used to filter residuals both between the ship-borne and modeled gravities from EGM2008 to degree 2160, and the measured and modeled SSHs from DTM10MSS, respectively. Deflections of the vertical (DOVs) along the ship route are estimated from the measured gravities with the least squares collocation method. The astro-geodetic survey is made on continent and island to improve the accuracy of DOVs along the route. We use the new method to connect NHs on the coastal sea of Shandong Peninsula, China. The results indicate that the method is very efficient to precisely connect the NH along the ship route across sea.     

The Second Decadal Leading Mode of East Asian Summer Monsoon Rainfall

The first decadal leading mode of East Asian summer rainfall （EASR） is characterized by rainfall anomalies along the East Asian subtropical rain belt. This study focuses on the second decadal leading mode （2DLM）, accounting for 17.3% of rainfall decadal vari- ance, as distinct from the other two neighboring modes of EAMR, based on the state-of-the-art in-situ rainfall data. This mode is characterized by a South-China-wet-Huaihe- River-dry pattern, and is dominated by a quasi-30-yr pe- riod. Further analysis reveals the 2DLM corresponds to an enhanced lower-level monsoon jet, an eastward extension of the western North Pacific subtropical high, and a weakened East Asian upper-level westerly jet flow. The Tibetan Plateau surface temperature and Pacific Decadal Oscillation （PDO） are closely linked with the 2DLM. The regressed SST pattern indicates the PDO-like pattern of sea surface temperature anomalies may have a telecon- nection relationship with the 2DLM of EASR.     

基于特征选取及广义傅立叶分形的SAR图像海洋溢油检测算法

针对海上溢油SAR图像中油膜与类油膜的识别问题,提出了一种结合傅立叶分形与特征提取的检测算法。由于分形特征可以具有无穷多的细节,并在不同的研究尺度存在自仿射特性。这与油膜及类油膜表面的几何形貌特征非常吻合。该算法通过计算样本的傅立叶分形特征,组成油膜与类油膜的特征空间。然后,应用基于差分进化的特征选取方法将利于分类的重要特征值筛选出来。再利用重要特征值对原有样本进行分类。实验表明,经特征选取的分形特征向量能够以100%的准确率将两类样本区分开。该算法在选取重要特征的同时实现了对高维特征空间降维的目的,该思想可以应用于其他的基于高维特征的识别系统中,具有普遍的适用性。     

东海表层水体中的多环芳烃及其沉积通量估算

以东海陆架水体中溶解态多环芳烃(PAHs)含量为基础,引入颗粒相-水相间的物质吸附系数(Koc)计算悬浮颗粒物中PAHs有机碳归一化含量,结合陆架沉积物有机碳的年埋藏通量,估算东海陆架沉积物中PAHs沉积通量。结果显示:水体中溶解态的15种PAHs总含量为(701±392)ng/L,变化范围为412~1 032ng/L,PAHs组成以3环为主。计算得到的悬浮颗粒物中15种PAHs有机碳归一化含量为20~28μg/g,对应的PAHs沉积通量为150~210t/a。估算结果与实测沉积物中PAHs含量和沉积通量结果基本吻合,表明实验室模拟实验获取的化合物Koc值适用于东海颗粒相-水相间的分配模型,证实悬浮颗粒物有机碳含量在控制PAHs两相分布过程中起着重要作用。同时,该方法为海洋沉积物中PAHs沉积通量的估算提供一种新途径。     

基于GPS反射信号技术的渤海海冰实验

传统的海冰检测手段都存在着受天气影响或实时检测成本太高的缺点,为了更实时有效的检测海冰,减轻海冰灾害对于我国的影响,并达到防灾减灾的目的,本文研究了GPS反射信号(GPS-R)技术检测海冰的可能性。通过对2013年2月下旬在中国天津渤海湾的岸基架设GPS信号接收机所接收的观测数据进行分析,使用不同特性的反射海域(几乎全为海水或是海冰)的数据进行比对分析,其结果显示极化比值(反射左旋信号与直射右旋信号的比值)能够明显反演海冰密集度。本文首次将GPS-R技术应用于国内自主设计的渤海海冰检测实验中。     

Numerical simulation and experimental research on hydrodynamic performance of propeller with varying shaft depths

In order to study hydrodynamic performance of a propeller in the free surface, the numerical simulation and open-water experiments are carried out with varying shaft depths of propeller. The influences of shaft depths of a propeller on thrust and torque coefficient in calm water are mainly studied. Meanwhile, this paper also studies the propeller air-ingestion under special working conditions by experiment and theoretical calculation method, and compares the calculation results and experimental results. The results prove that the theoretical calculation model used in this paper can imitate the propeller air-ingestion successfully. The successful phenomenon simulation provides an essential theoretical basis to understand the physical essence of the propeller air-ingestion.     

东太平洋海隆深海热液区沉积物古菌多样性分析

采用PCR-RFLP方法对东太平洋海隆深海热液区3个站位沉积物中的古菌多样性进行了初步研究.结果显示,从古菌16S rRNA基因文库中随机挑取的296个阳性克隆分属奇古菌门（Thaumarchaeota,47.64%）、广古菌门（Euryarchaeota,44.93%）、泉古菌门（Crenarchaeota,6.77%）和未分类古菌（0.68%）,其中优势菌群为奇古菌门的亚硝化侏儒菌属（Nitrosopumilus,35.47%）和广古菌门的热原体纲（Thermoplasmata,27.03%）,DHVE3、DHVE5、DHVE6、MBGB和MBGE类群在沉积物样品中也均有发现.另外,3个站位沉积物中古菌类群组成存在差异,S5-TVG1站位样品文库的97个古菌克隆分属奇古菌门（49.48%）、广古菌门（49.48%）和泉古菌门（1.03%）,S14-TVG10站位样品文库的103个古菌克隆由奇古菌门（84.47%）和广古菌门（15.53%）组成,S16-TVG12站位样品文库的96个古菌克隆包括广古菌门（71.88%）、泉古菌门（19.79%）、奇古菌门（6.25%）和未分类古菌（2.08%）.研究结果表明,东太平洋海隆深海热液区沉积物中古菌多样性丰富,存在着许多新的古菌菌群;不同站位古菌菌群结构以及多样性存在差异,这与其所处环境的热液活动密切相关.     

海上试验场潮流能发电装置综合测试与评价方法分析(英文)

开展潮流能装置实海况试验、检测与评价方法研究,对海洋高科技成果的转化、海洋可再生能源开发提供了科学、有效的技术保障。文章通过对潮流能装置的功率输出特性、年发电量、能量转换效率三项核心指标进行分析,提出指标的测试内容和评价方法,为实现潮流能海上试验与测试场建设提供技术依据;并根据对海上风电场的研究,提出了海上试验场潮流能装置的电能质量测试与评估方法;给出潮流能装置安全准入的测试内容,全面评估试验场潮流能装置的运行状态。