青岛市黄岛区潮河水源地地下水数值模拟

在分析研究青岛市黄岛区潮河流域水文地质条件基础上,建立了水文地质概念模型和地下水流数值模拟模型,利用地下水水位动态监测资料对模型进行了识别,并预测了三枯一丰一平条件下地下水最大开采量以及水位、降深分布情况。结果表明,模型验证拟合结果较好,地下水最大开采量为2.4万m3/d,地下水开采不会引起地面沉降、海水入侵等问题。     

2021年5月云南漾濞MS 6.4地震序列发震构造及破裂过程初探

北京时间2021年5月21日21时48分36秒,云南省大理州漾濞县发生M_S 6.4地震。利用云南数字地震台网2021年5月18日至8月22日的震相报告,采用双差地震定位法,对漾濞M_S 6.4地震序列进行重新定位。重新定位结果显示序列呈NW向优势分布,破裂长约20 km,宽约7 km,对重新定位结果进行误差分析,水平方向定位误差约为0.8 km,垂直方向定位误差约为1.0 km,定位结果具有较好的稳定性。依据震中分布的走向将序列划分为NW向的主断层与NNW向的分支断层,主断层存在较为明显的分段现象,分支断层呈雁列状分布。根据小震丛集性发生在大震断层面及其附近的原则,利用重新定位后的小震震源位置反演得到漾濞M_S 6.4序列主断层走向约320°,倾角约89°,深度范围3～13 km。根据拟合得到的断层在地表的投影位置,推测本次地震的发震断层为维西-乔后断裂西侧的草坪断裂。基于断层滑动量分布识别出3个凹凸体,结合序列时空演化特征,分析了漾濞M_S 6.4地震序列的破裂过程,结果显示断层中段的凹凸体发生初始破裂...     

中国区域加权平均温度的时空分析及模型研究

加权平均温度(T_m)是全球卫星导航系统技术反演大气可降水量的关键参数,影响着水汽反演的精度。针对传统的Bevis模型运用在中国区域精度不高的问题,该文提出新的增加时空参数的T_m多元线性回归模型。根据2013—2015年中国86个探空站点的探空资料,分析了T_m的时空特征;然后根据2013年站点资料,利用线性回归建模方法建立了中国区域的T_m单因子回归模型和增加了时空参数的T_m多因子回归模型,并利用2014—2015年的探空数据进行验证。T_m单因子回归模型和T_m多因子回归模型的精度分别为3.1 K和2.6 K,比Bevis模型(精度3.3 K)分别提高了约6.0%和21.2%。考虑到季节对T_m的影响,将T_m多因子回归模型按季节分段,得到按季节分段的T_m多因子回归模型,其精度与T_m多因子回归模型大致相当,但能更细致表达出不同季节T_m的精度情况。结果表明增加了时空参数的T_m多因子回归模型更加适合中国区域的加权平均温度T_m的计算。     

湖南省传统村落空间格局及其影响因素研究

针对湖南省国家级传统村落空间格局的研究较少.为保护和发展传统村落,该文以湖南省658个中国传统村落为研究对象,综合运用最邻近指数、变异系数、地理集中指数、不平衡指数、网格维数、核密度估计和全局莫兰指数等空间分析和计量地理学方法,对湖南省传统村落的空间格局及其影响因素进行研究.结果表明:湖南省传统村落呈集聚型分布,空间分布不均衡,空间差异较大,主要集中在湘西、怀化、郴州、永州、邵阳等5个市州;传统村落分形特征明显,且分形特征较为复杂,在自组织演化过程中呈现出多中心集聚特征;传统村落的高密度集聚区主要分布于3个片区:武陵山区、雪峰山区和湘南山区;传统村落空间分布全局莫兰指数为0.575,存在显著的空间正相关性;湖南省传统村落空间格局主要受到地形地貌、河流水系、气候条件等自然因素的影响,同时与社会经济、交通条件和中心城市等人文因素密切相关.     

基于GIS和AHP的福建福安区域滑坡地质灾害危险性评价

以福建省宁德福安市为研究区,通过综合分析研究区地质灾害调查数据,选取了坡度、坡向、曲率、高程、降水、植被、道路、河流、地质、断裂带及人类工程活动等10个因子作为评价指标,构建区域滑坡地质灾害危险性评价层次结构模型,利用层次分析法(AHP)确定各因子权重,基于GIS地理空间分析评价了研究区地质灾害危险性,划分了5类区域:极高危险区、高危险区、中危险区、低危险区、较低危险区.危险性评价结果可为宁德市减灾防灾以及灾害治理提供依据,也为区域滑坡地质灾害危险性评价提供可行的方法参考.     

基于高分三号卫星SAR影像的DOM制作方法研究

将星载SAR影像作为光学卫星难以获取数据地区的重要补充数据源,是基础地理信息更新的一种手段。通过对SAR影像成像机理、光谱几何特征等进行研究,总结基于高分三号卫星SAR影像处理的方法和流程,形成星载SAR影像制作DOM产品的生产技术方案,为大规模开展生产实践提供借鉴。     

优化非等时距加权灰色-时序组合模型在地铁监测中的应用

对某地铁工程沉降数据进行建模预测,可以掌握其变形规律并预测变形趋势.本文将传统非等时距灰色模型引入时距权比系数,按照不同的生成及还原方式构建3种预测模型,并确定最优拟合序列.在此基础上,组合时序模型对残差部分进行处理,建立优化非等时距加权灰色-时序组合模型,结合工程实例进行验证.结果表明,优化非等时距加权灰色-时序组合模型在地铁监测中具有实用性.     

Critical conditions for natural gas charging and delineation of effective gas source rocks for tight sandstone reservoirs

Although it has been shown that the potential of tight‐sand gas resources is large, the research into the mechanisms of hydrocarbon charging of tight sandstone reservoirs has been relatively sparse. Researchers have found that there is a force balance during hydrocarbon charging, but discriminant models still have not been established. Based on the force balance conditions observed during gas migration from source rocks to tight sandstone reservoirs, a calculation formula was established. A formula for identifying effective source rocks was developed with the gas expulsion intensity as the discrimination parameter. The critical gas expulsion intensity under conditions of various burial depths, temperatures, and pressures can be obtained using the calculation formula. This method was applied in the Jurassic tight sandstone reservoirs of the eastern Kuqa Depression, Tarim Basin, and it was calculated that the critical expulsion intensity range from 6.05 × 10⁸ m³/km² to 10.07 × 10⁸ m³/km². The critical gas charging force first increases with depth and later decreases with greater depths. The distribution range of effective gas source rocks and total expelled gas volume can be determined based on this threshold. This method provides new insight into and method for predicting favourable tight‐sand gas‐bearing regions and estimating their resource potentials. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Hydrocarbon generation and expulsion characteristics of Lower Permian P1f source rocks in the Fengcheng area,northwest margin,Junggar Basin,NW China: implications for tight oil accumulation potential assessment

Combined with the actual geological settings, tight oil is the oil that occurs in shale or tight reservoirs, which has permeability less than 1 mD and is interbedded with or close to shale, including tight dolomitic oil and shale oil. The Fengcheng area (FA), at the northwest margin of the Junggar Basin, northwest China, has made significant progress in the tight oil exploration of the Fengcheng (P₁f) Formation recently, which indicates that the tight oil resources have good exploration prospects. Whereas the lack of recognition of hydrocarbon generation and expulsion characteristics of Permian P₁f source rocks results in the misunderstanding of tight oil resource potential. Based on the comprehensive analysis of geological and geochemical characteristics of wells, seismic inversion, sedimentary facies, tectonic burial depth, etc., the characteristics of P₁f source rocks were investigated, and the horizontal distributions of the following aspects were predicted: the thickness of source rocks, abundance and type of organic matter. And on this basis, an improved hydrocarbon generation potential methodology together with basin simulation techniques was applied to unravel the petroleum generation and expulsion characteristics of P₁f source rocks in FA. Results show that the P₁f source rocks distribute widely (up to 2039 km²), are thick (up to 260 m), have high total organic content (TOC, ranging from 0.15 to 4 wt%), are dominated by type II kerogen and have entered into low mature–mature stage. The modeling results indicate that the source rocks reached hydrocarbon generation threshold and hydrocarbon expulsion threshold at 0.5% Ro and 0.85% Ro and the comprehensive hydrocarbon expulsion efficiency was about 46%. The amount of generation and expulsion from the P₁f source rocks was 31.85 × 10⁸ and 15.31 × 10⁸ t, respectively, with a residual amount of 16.54 × 10⁸ t within the source rocks. Volumetrically, the geological resource of shale oil is up to 15.65 × 10⁸ t. Small differences between the amounts calculated by the volumetric method compared with that by hydrocarbon generation potential methodology may be due to other oil accumulations present within interbedded sands associated with the oil shales. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

新型GPS探空仪与业务GTS1 2探空仪对比分析

2012年8月,中国气象局气象探测中心在广东阳江开展自动探空系统新型GPS探空仪比对试验,对比分析其技术改进后的准确性,试验结果表明：温度测量性明显优于GTS1 2型探空仪。湿度测量结果与RS92型探空仪一致性较好,系统误差在15%RH内,标准偏差在12%RH内。气压系统误差全量程在±10 hPa内,标准偏差在08 hPa内。位势高度系统误差在±20 gpm以内,标准偏差在70 gpm内。GPS定位测风性能优于GTS1 2型探空仪配合L波段二次测风雷达测风性能结果。