基于熵值法和突变级数法的泥石流易损度评价

泥石流易损度（危害性）评价是泥石流风险评估的重要组成部分.结合熵值法和突变理论的泥石流易损度评价方法，采用客观的熵值法判断指标间相对重要程度，利用突变级数法计算突变级数值进行评价，方法理论基础牢固且避免了确定指标权重值的弊端.以吉林省和龙市地质灾害调查与区划中的10条泥石流易损度评价实例进行验证，结果表明：数据获取、标准化和评价过程简便，易损度等级以轻度和中度为主的评价结果符合实际情况，该方法经过完善指标体系后可更加合理地应用于实际工作中.因此，基于熵值法和突变理论的泥石流易损度评价方法是可行的、可靠的.     

浙江江山晚奥陶世浊积岩系特征及浙西浊积扇模式的探讨

在扬子地台东南的浙西、皖南地区,晚奥陶世晚期地层具有鲜明的沉积学特征。它对认识本区加里东晚期古构造环境有着十分重要的意义。关尹文(1959)、李继亮(1978)、吕洪波(1987)、余素玉(1986)先后在临安、宁国、绩溪等地对其韵律结构、沉积构造及矿物岩石学方面进行了不同程度的研究。关尹文、吕洪波称之为浅水复理石。李继亮认为是深水浊流沉积。笔者(1989)在江山一带对相应地层进行了系统的沉积相研究,结合浙、皖浊积岩系特征的对比,对浊积扇的构成及其发育的构造古地理条件进行了初步探讨。     

某些幔源矿物晶体中异常消光现象的显微喇曼谱研究

异常消光是一种在幔源晶体中常可观察到的物性改变现象,然而它与晶体的真实结构之间的内在联系却至今仍未被认识清楚。本项工作试图用一种灵敏的微区结构探测新技术——显微激光喇曼谱方法研究幔源晶体中由构造作用导致的异常消光现象的结构本质。实验结果说明:上地幔高温蠕变作用对橄榄石及辉石主要感应了晶体内微区晶轴取向的变化,还未能产生明显的结构相变;不同的异常消光现象反映晶轴扭转的单位大小不同,并主要依赖于矿物晶体本身的结构特性。     

The Interannual Variability of Climate in a Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Model

In this paper, the interannual variability simulated by the coupled ocean-atmosphere general circulation model of the Institute of Atmospheric Physics (IAP CGCM) in 40 year integrations is analyzed, and compared with that by the corresponding IAP AGCM which uses the climatic sea surface temperature as the boundary condition in 25 year integrations.The mean climatic states of January and July simulated by IAP CGCM are in good agreement with that by IAP AGCM, i.e., no serious ‘climate drift’ occurs in the CGCM simulation. A comparison of the results from AGCM and CGCM indicates that the standard deviation of the monthly averaged sea level pressure simulated by IAP CGCM is much greater than that by IAP AGCM in tropical region. In addition, both Southern Oscillation (SO) and North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) can be found in the CGCM simulation for January, but these two oscillations do not exist in the AGCM simulation.The interannual variability of climate may be classified into two types: one is the variation of the annual mean, another is the variation of the annual amplitude. The ocean-atmosphere interaction mainly increases the first type of variability. By means of the rotated EOF, the most important patterns corresponding to the two types of interannual variability are found to have different spatial and temporal characteristics.     

天镇—怀安地区早前寒武纪钾质花岗岩地球化学特征及构造环境

晋冀内蒙古交界地区太古宙怀安杂岩以南发育一条花岗岩带，和怀安杂岩以高压麻粒岩混杂岩带相隔，是该区一个单独的岩石构造单元，规模较大，宽２０多ｋｍ。从山西繁峙白马石经天镇南部向北东一直到宣化西葛峪和二道岭，断续相连。北东东向延伸近２００ｋｍ，延伸方向与区域片麻理和主构造线方向一致。该花岗岩带由众多中小规模花岗岩侵入体和其间残留体组成。大部分花岗岩呈肉红色，以富钾质和含有高压基性麻粒岩包体为特征，许多花岗岩发育片麻构造。岩石学研究表明，大多数花岗岩经历了变质作用，一些花岗岩经历了麻粒岩相变质作用，具有麻粒岩相矿物组合Ｑ＋Ｐｅｒ＋Ｐｌ±Ｇｔ＋Ｂｉ（棕）±Ｈｂ＋Ｍｔ，石榴石、黑云母等矿物的成分显示出麻粒岩相变质的特征。大部分花岗岩都是近低熔花岗岩的组分，并显示某些钙碱性岩系的演化趋势。微量元素组成表现出较大的变化范围，多数花岗岩富Ｋ，Ｒｂ，Ｂａ，贫Ｚｒ，Ｙ，Ｙｂ，部分样品还亏损Ｔｈ，Ｔａ和Ｎｂ，稀土元素从低到高有４种不同的配分型式。这些花岗岩由许多不同类型源岩的部分熔融形成，具有与碰撞型花岗岩相似的常量和微量元素地球化学性质。锆石Ｕ－Ｐｂ一致线年龄为２３７０Ｍａ，指示出这些花岗岩形成于太古宙末期。这条花岗岩带有可能是     

Geology and Genesis of the Mafic—Ultramafic Complexes in the Huangshan—Jingerquan（HJ） Belt,East Xinjiang

More than twenty mafic-ultramafic complexes, which host several mediumor large-sized Cu−Ni deposits, occur along the Huangshan-Jingerquan (HJ) belt in East Xinjiang. Rock types in these complexes are predominated by peridotite, pyroxene peridotite, olivine pyroxenite, gabbronorite, orthopyroxene gabbro, troctolite, gabbro and diorite. The ultramafic rocks are relatively Fe-enriched and are characterized by an assemblage of olivine+orthopyroxene+clinopyroxene+hornblende±plagioclase without obvious metamorphic textures. Chemically, these complexes are relatively Fe-enriched and show a tholeiitic trend of evolution. The complexes in this belt are intruded under the extensional environment in a Mid-Carboniferous back-arc basin. They can be considered as a new type of mafic-ultramafic complexes in orogenic belts, as designated by the name of the East-Xinjiang-type complexes. This project was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.     

太行山中北段褶皱构造序列

太行山中北段中－深变质岩区的褶皱构造变形复杂，不同期次间叠加改造强烈，构造置换作用明显，作者采用变质岩区构造解析方法，在观察，测量，分析了大量构造面，线组构的基础上，划分出５期褶皱构造，建立了本区的构造变形序列，并认为构造变形经历了从强塑性变表到韧脆性变形的演化过程，反映出地壳从纵向增厚作用转变为变质核杂岩隆升的演化过程。     

Electron Microscopic Study of Manganese Minerals in the Polymetallic Nodules from the Central Pacific Ocean

Manganese minerals in the polymetallic nodules from the Central Pacific Ocean were studied using electron microscopy. The principal Mn minerals, being vernadite and todorokite, exhibit different electron diffraction patterns and morphological features. According to its morphological feature, todorokite shows three phases: fibrous, lamellar and lath-shaped. Both vernadite and todorokite are authigenic minerals. While vernadite was mainly precipitated directly from the relevant solution by microbiological oxidation, todorokite was separated from the solution chemically without the help of microbe. Hence, these two minerals show a close genetic relation.     

新疆东准噶尔塔克扎勒—麦钦乌拉古缝合线的确定

本文通过构造分析及岩石学、地球化学研究,证实塔克扎勒—麦钦乌拉存在一条蛇绿混杂岩带,表现为在构造变形的砂泥质基质中分布若干个洋脊型和洋岛型的蛇绿岩碎块。该带两侧地壳厚度明显不同,大陆边缘增生方向相反,该带还是一条早古生代的生物群落界线,早石炭世两侧岛弧有较大的纬度差异(20°以上)。因此,塔克扎勒—麦钦乌拉蛇绿混杂岩带是古准噶尔大洋闭合的残骸,代表了西伯利亚板块和塔里木板块碰撞的缝合线构造带。     

由构造分段求震级的历史回顾

回顾了由构造分段求震级的方法的发展及特点,介绍了由构造分段过渡到震级的两种定量方法,并就“方法” 中的有关问题做了进一步解释.