Study of the impact of energy consumption structure on carbon emission intensity in China from the perspective of spatial effects

Natural Hazards - From now until 2030, China will be in a sprint to achieve reductions of 40–45% in carbon emission intensity by 2020 and 60–65% by 2030 compared to 2005; rigid...     

Energy transition,CO2 mitigation,and air pollutant emission reduction: scenario analysis from IPAC model

The salinization of freshwater-dependent coastal ecosystems precedes inundation by sea level rise. This type of saltwater intrusion places communities, ecosystems, and infrastructure at substantial risk. Risk perceptions of local residents are an indicator to gauge public support for climate change adaptation planning. Here, we document residential perspectives on the present and future threats posed by saltwater intrusion in a rural, low-lying region in coastal North Carolina, and we compare the spatial distribution of survey responses to physical landscape variables such as distance to coastline, artificial drainage density, elevation, saltwater intrusion vulnerability, and actual salinity measured during a synoptic field survey. We evaluate and discuss the degree of alignment or misalignment between risk perceptions and metrics of exposure to saltwater intrusion. Risk perceptions align well with the physical landscape characteristics, as residents with greater exposure to saltwater intrusion, including those living on low-lying land with high concentrations of artificial drainages, perceive greater risk than people living in low-exposure areas. Uncertainty about threats of saltwater intrusion is greatest among those living at higher elevations, whose properties and communities are less likely to be exposed to high salinity. As rising sea levels, drought, and coastal storms increase the likelihood of saltwater intrusion in coastal regions, integrated assessments of risk perceptions and physical exposure are critical for developing outreach activities and planning adaptation measures.

     

下扬子区二叠系层序地层的地球化学特征

本文以安徽巢县平顶山、鬼门关剖面为例，阐述了二叠系沉岩的主要岩石类型，即灰岩、硅质岩和泥质岩的岩石学特征及稀土元素组成特点；划分出七种沉积相类型，即局限台地相、开阔台地相、斜坡相、盆地相、三角洲相、汪 相和陆缘泻湖相；识别出七个Ⅲ级层序，其中四个为Ⅰ型层，三个为Ⅱ型层序。对栖霞组灰岩的地球化学测试数据进行了统计分析，总结了海侵体系域，高水位体系域的氧碳同位素、稀土元素和微量元素组成的差异，并认为造     

岩石受力状态对弹性波传播速度的影响初探

岩石所受的三向应力状态对其弹性波传播性质有一定的影响，此认识为所做的以泥质砂岩、泥岩和硅质胶结的坚硬砂岩为试样的实验所证实。实验结果表明，泥质砂岩和泥岩的ｖＰ／ｖＳ值几乎保持不变，硬质砂岩的ｖＰ／ｖＳ曲线却在应力达破坏荷载的９０％左右出现下凹现象。经热处理后的硬质砂岩这一下凹现象则更突出     

622铀矿床与虎圩金矿床REE特征对比

本文通过赣杭火山岩带中的铀矿床和金矿床的ＲＥＥ特征对比，认为产铀矿和金矿的火山岩均属ＬＲＥＥ富集型，但前者明显铕亏损，铀矿石与金矿石ＲＥＥ特征差别大，前者ΣＲＥＥ和ＨＲＥＥ大大增高，铕强烈亏损，后者ΣＲＥＥ降低，铕呈弱异常或无异常．结合两矿床各自的矿化特征，认为成矿热液酸碱度等介质条件、围岩蚀变、副矿物种类、矿物共生组合、次生淋滤富集等因素是造成矿石ＲＥＥ特征的原因，ＲＥＥ贫富程度和分布模式可作为矿床评价因素．     

磷矿中P2O5的快速测定

本文用自行设计的一种简易,安全的聚四氟乙烯溶样罐,与新型,高效的微波溶样技术相结合,进行磷矿的分解,溶样时间仅需２ｍｉｎ,并首次将该技术与流动注射一分光光度法联用,测定其中Ｐ２Ｏ２质量分数,结果准确,可靠,实现了从溶样到测定的一套快速分析方法。     

晚第三纪中国西北干旱化的发展及其与北极冰盖形成演化和青藏高原隆升的关系

对甘肃酉峰晚第三纪红土标准剖面的研究揭示出,该区红土下部（6.2MaB.P.前）是红化的土壤物质与其它物质一起经水流搬运（坡积作用为主）再堆积的产物;中部（6.2～3.4MaB.P.）未发现再搬运的痕迹,是风尘堆积经风化和频繁地下水位波动作用所形成,不具明显的土壤发生学层次,其中的碳酸盐富积层不是成壤碳酸盐,而与地下水作用密切相关;上部（34～2.6MaB.P.）是典型的风尘堆积-土壤序列。由于中国西北和中亚干旱区的存在是黄河中游风尘堆积的前提条件,该区风尘物质的堆积起始于6.2MaB.P.前后标志着源区干旱化的加剧,并已达到相当高的程度。对整个序列的分析表明,源区干旱化程度在6.2～5.4MaB.P.期间较高,此后降低,在3.4MaB.P.和2.6MaB.P.又两次显着增强。上述历史与北极冰盖的起源和演化历史具有高度的一致性,若干重大转变与青藏高原隆升也有时代上的耦合性。本文认为,北极冰盖的形成演化和高原隆升都是中国西北和中亚地区干旱化发展的重要驱动因素,二者对西伯利亚高压的形成和发展的影响及高原对暖湿气流的阻挡可能是导致于旱化的重要途径。     

美国西部活火山及其灾害考察

美国西部是世界上最不寻常的第四纪火山区之 一,形成多种多样的火山地形和具有不同的岩石成分。本文主要介绍美国西部在过去2 ka内有过爆发活动的11座火山及其灾害,其中包括著名的圣?海伦斯火山。     

福建省数字地震台网野外仪器故障与维修

福建省数字地震台网是我局“九五”期间的重大项目。它是利用了中国地震局“八五”攻关项目所研制的地震计、数采以及系列软件建设起来的。现有 2 9个子台、3个中继站以及台网中心组成。在信道传输上充分利用了DDN专线与无线扩频微波相结合的传输方式 ,在台网运行过程中 ,各种线路或仪器故障时有发生 ,下面就故障现像与个人维修经验做个总结。     

Modification of Stokes and Vening-Meinesz formulas for the inner zone of arbitrary shape by minimization of upper bound truncation errors

Traditionally, the evaluation of geoidal height by Stokes formula and the vertical deflection by Vening-Meinesz one, and the estimation of the influence of neglecting the distant zone on computing the geoidal height and the vertical deflection were done by taking the inner zone as a spherical cap. It is not very convenient from the point of view of modern numerical methods such as fast Fourier and Hartley transforms where the inner zone is not a spherical cap, but a spherical trapezoid. So, we generalized the known formulas for evaluating the geoidal height and the vertical deflection for an integration area of arbitrary shape. The corresponding formulas for computing the effects of neglecting the distant zone have been derived. Some issues on computation techniques have been investigated. As an example, the case where the inner zone is modeled as a spherical trapezoid was given special attention, and practical computations were performed.