Ab initio prediction of 29Si-NMR chemical shifts

The ability of several ab initio models to predict experimental ²⁹Si-NMR chemical shift is examined. The shielding values of trimethylsilyl chloride (A), t-butyldimethylsilyl chloride (B) and allytrimethylsilane (C) are calculated by GIAO, CSGT and IGAIM methods, using HF/6–31G^*, B3LYP/6-31G^*, HF/6–311+G^**, B3LYP/6–311+G^** and MPW1PW91/6–311+G^** models respectively. The ²⁹Si chemical shifts calculated by GIAO method using HF/6–311+G^** model are highly in agreement with those obtained experimentally. All of the models above reproduce the trends of chemical shifts in all cases studied, suggesting that the models are of practical value.     

遥感图象的马尔柯夫随机场模型的纹理识别方法

本文讨论了马尔柯夫随机场图象模型及邻域选择方法,提出了8邻域5特征参数的马尔柯夫随机场图象模型以及一套完整而有效的特征参数的估计算法,将这些特征参数变成可视图象从而实现了视算。对8类不同纹理的标准图象进行分类试验,其识别(分类)的平均正确率达97.57％。     

锆石红外光谱在地质研究中的应用

以甘肃白银厂地区的7件锆石同位素年龄样品为例,根据其红外光谱中615cm-1吸收峰的高和半高宽度的比值,将锆石样品的变生程度量化,并将其分为晶质锆石、半变生锆石和变生锆石3类。参考相关资料,利用7件锆石样品的红外光谱特征对其铀钍含量和"红外年龄"做了估测,并将估测年龄与其U Th年龄和全岩Rb Sr年龄进行了比较和分析。     

CHARACTERISTICS OF CONVECTIVE ACTIVITIES OVER ASIAN-AUSTRALIAN “LAND BRIDGE” REAS AND ITS POSSIBLE FACTORS*

Based on TBB data from GMS of Japan,NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data and precipitation data from CMAP(CPC Merged Analysis of Precipitation),an investigation is carried out of seasonal changes of precipitation and convection over Asian-Australian "land bridge" areas and its possible factors.The results show that the precipitation and convection over Sumatra take on clearly seasonal changes with abundant (less) rainfall in winter (summer).The convection over Sumatra moves northwestward rapidly along "land bridge" in the late-April and the early-May (the 25th pentad) and the rainfall shows similar variations.It is the accelerating of the convection moving that affects directly the subsequent enhancement of the convection over Indo-China Peninsula (ICP) area followed by the rupture of the subtropical high (SH) bands in this region leading to South China Sea (SCS) summer monsoon establishment.The zonal wind at lower troposphere in the equatorial Indian Ocean and the cross-equatorial flow in 105°E are the main factors associated with the accelerating of the convection moving northwestward along "land bridge".The further study suggests that the intensity of Sumatra convection has a close relation to the SST:when the central-east equatorial Pacific SST is warmer (colder),i.e.E1 Nino (La Nina) events,the SST in West Pacific warm pool is colder (warmer),Sumatra convection is weaker (stronger).     

NCEP 全球预报系统在ARM SGP站点预报大气温度、湿度和云量的检验

利用美国大气辐射测量项目(ARM)制作的“气候模拟最佳估计”(CMBE)观测数据集,检验美国环境预报中心(NCEP)全球预报系统(GFS)2001～2008年在ARM Southern Great Plains(SGP)站点预报的大气温度、相对湿度和云量的垂直分布,主要结论如下:(1)NCEP GFS较好地预报出了温度...     

An indicator of sand storms in the south of the Tengger Desert

The Shagou section contains rich information about the formation and evolution of sand storms in the windward side of of the Tengger Desert (southern Tengger Desert, east of the Hexi Corridor). By investigating the grain size classes and the standard deviation of three sample groups in the Shagou section we discover that every group has four sensitive grain size components, and each sensitive grain size component has a tendency to be finest for the palaeosol stratum, coarsest for the sand stratum, and the loess intermediate between the two. The three sample groups have differences in their grain size distributions. Both S1 (average) and L1 (average) have two peaks. L1 (sand stratum) has three peaks and an additional coarse peak (275.4-550 µm) which is consistent with the grain size distribution pattern of the modern sand storm samples in the Tengger Desert. Moreover the additional peak of the palaeo-sand stratum correspondingly the interval of the grain size is exactly consistent with one of the four sensitive grain size components. Because the sand stratum in L1 of the Shagou section was the direct result of sand storm process of the Tengger Desert, the sand group percent of 275.4-550 µm in the Shagou section could be used as a sensitive indicator of sand storm in the south of the Tengger Desert (east of Hexi Corridor).     

我国气象卫星及应用发展与展望

截止到2008年6月底,我国已成功发射了4颗风云一号极轨气象卫星、1颗风云三号极轨气象卫星和4颗风云二号静止气象卫星.目前,风云一号D星、风云二号C和D星在轨业务运行,风云三号A星正在在轨测试中.我国的气象卫星已初步实现了业务化、系列化,率先实现了国防科工委提出的我国遥感卫星从试验应用型向业务服务型转变的目标.同时,我国也已成为世界上同时拥有极轨和静止两个系列气象卫星的3个国家或国家集团之一.世界气象组织已将风云一号系列、风云二号系列和风云三号系列卫星纳入全球业务应用气象卫星序列,使我国风云卫星成为全球综合地球观测系统的重要成员.我国气象卫星在我国国民经济建设和防灾减灾中发挥了重要作用,也为区域,乃至全球许多国家的经济发展做出了重要贡献.回顾了我国气象卫星及地面应用系统的发展历程,简要总结了我国气象卫星应用所取得的重要成绩,同时对未来我国气象卫星的发展趋势和发展目标等进行了展望.     

中国东部夏季气压气候变率:测站资料与再分析资料的比较

应用中国194站地表气压(OP)、NCEP/NCAR再分析月平均地表气压(NP)和海平面气压(NS)及ERA-40再分析月平均海平面气压(ES)资料,分析了中国区域夏季气压的气候变率,特别是再分析资料集中地表气压和海平面气压的再现能力。分析发现:1)3种资料均显示我国东部气压升高,NP(NS)中1976年前后的年代际突变特征显著,ES的变化量与OP相当,NP(NS)远高于其他两种资料;1965年以前NP、NS与OP、ES差异较大,NP(NS)显著偏低。2)OP和ES在20世纪70年代中期到90年代初期具有较为相似的3～4年的周期变化,而NP周期特征与OP、ES有显著差异,存在虚假的14年左右的周期特征;3)3种气压资料为一致的线性增高趋势,NP线性变化趋势最大,OP最小,北方大于南方,但再分析资料在对气压变化长期趋势的研究中,不确定性较大;4)OP显示气压变化不大,而ES、NP(NS)反映气压变化较大,以我国北方变化最为明显,从北向南逐渐降低,中心均在内蒙古中部一带。NP对我国北方地区气压变化估计偏高,对我国长江中下游地区、华南和山东半岛气压变化的反映略有不足;5)再分析资料可以再现我国气压年际变化特征,对我国气压的再现能力在东部优于西部,低纬度地区优于高纬度地区,并且ES的再现能力要优于NP(NS)。     

加强县级气象科技服务管理工作的思考

通过对县级气象科技服务管理中存在问题进行分析,找出相应对策。