Terrestrial chondrules,glass spherules and accretionary lapilli from the suevite,Ries Crater,Germany

Until recently, no terrestrial analogues of meteoritic and lunar chondrules were known. Only rare glass spherules from the Lonar Crater, India, and black magnetic spherules from various localities have been recorded. The impact breccia suevite of the No¨rdlinger Ries Crater, Germany, contains both chondrules and glass spherules, and in addition, accretionary lapilli, all of which are found imbedded within the fine-grained matrix of the suevite. The chondrules display many of the textural features characteristic of meteoritic and lunar chondrules. Lithic chondrules and fluid drop chondrules are present, the latter having a composition quite similar to that of glass bombs and glass fragments in the suevite. Fluid drop chondrules developed from glass spherules by slow devitrification in the hot suevite ejecta masses after deposition. On the whole, fluid drop chondrules, lithic chondrules and glass spherules are rare in the suevite, with fluid drop chondrules prevailing. Detection of chondrules from a terrestrial impact crater supports theories of an impact origin for meteoritic and lunar chondrules. Accretionary lapilli also represent material formed as a result of impact.     

波速异常的区域特征

有关波速比异常预报地震的震例已有不少论述,然而就一个地区的波速异常区域特征则很少讨论。为进一步监视地震活动,做好地震预报工作,我们以甘肃及邻近地区近十年来发生的一些中强地震为例,研究了它们的时空特性,並同其它一些地区的研究结果进行比较,     

震源孕育的数学物理模式与波速异常的理论解释

本文提出了一种震源孕育的数学物理模式,该模式把孕震过程分为扩容,包体形成与发展、流体扩散、失稳四个阶段。用数学物理方法研究了沿断裂带定向的圆柱形孕震区内的孕震过程。通过对这一过程的研究,得出了各孕震阶段持续时间的计算公式。计算结果与波速异常的实际观测结果符合较好。此外,还从理论上研究了确定两相介质中地震波传播速度的问题,给出了P、S波速度与速度比的计算公式,得出了一些定量结果。根据所述结果,对震前地震波速度异常的某些特征(异常持续时间、异常区形状大小及异常幅度)作出了一定的理论解释。最后,用量纲分析和相似理论方法对影响波速异常的一些因素作了简单的讨论。     

钾同位素的高精度分析及深部过程的示踪应用

钾(K)是主要造岩元素之一，高水溶性，高活动性，同时具有高度的不相容性。尽管K同位素组成的测试始于20世纪初，但其高精度测试一直发展缓慢，直到近年来得益于多接收电感耦合等离子体质谱(MC- ICP- MS)的快速发展， K同位素的分析精度得到显著提升，极大地促进了K同位素地球化学的发展。目前已经基本查明地球各主要储库的K同位素组成，并对一些地质和物理化学过程中的K同位素分馏开展了研究工作。研究结果表明海水的K同位素组成(均值0. 11‰±0. 08‰)显著高于硅酸盐地球的K同位素组成(估计值-0. 44‰±0. 04‰)；而主要地质过程中，低温风化过程中风化壳一般富集轻的同位素，而与之平衡的水体富集重的同位素；高温岩浆分异过程中目前尚未观察到显著的同位素分馏。目前K同位素已经被广泛应用于俯冲循环地壳物质或板片流体活动的示踪上，如幔源岩浆的地幔源区过程示踪等。由于浅部物质的K含量远高于地幔源区，在俯冲循环过程中，地幔源区的K同位素组成对于交代、混染等过程比较敏感。因此，K同位素在示踪地幔组成变化方面可能会具有广阔的应用前景。     

Horizontal crustal movement in Chinese mainland before and after the great Kunlun Mountain <Emphasis Type="Italic">M</Emphasis>=8.1 earthquake in 2001

The continuous GPS observation at the fiducial stations in the Crustal Movement Observation Network of China (CMONOC) recorded the crustal movement of Chinese mainland before and after the great Kunlun Mountain earthquake of M=8.1 on November 14, 2001, especially the horizontal crustal movement in the western part of China. Based on the datum defined by a group of stable stations with small mutual horizontal displacements for a few years, the time series of horizontal displacements at fiducial stations were obtained. Significant anomalous horizontal displacements had appeared at the fiducial stations in the western part of China since early November 2000 and several earthquakes with the magnitudes about 6.0 had occurred in Yunnan and Sichuan Provinces. The northward components of the horizontal displacement at the fiducial stations in west China had decreased significantly and even changed in the opposite sense since mid April 2001. After the earthquake, the northward displacements still decreased and there were significant westward displacements. The process of the crustal movement in the western part of Chinese mainland (in reference to east China) suggests that the main force source for this earthquake came from the northward pushing of the Indian plate. The great earthquake released a large amount of energy, as a result, the action applied by the Indian plate to Chinese mainland diminished significantly and after the great earthquake, the seismic activity in Chinese mainland decreased considerably until the end of 2002.     

Seyfert 2型星系中的星暴活动

星暴和活动星系核之间的联系是活动星系研究领域最重要、最活跃的研究课题之一。Seyfert星系由于距离较近、数目较多和相对低的核活动,已成为研究星暴和活动星系核之间联系的理想天体。综述了活动星系核中存在星暴的观测证据和Seyflert2型星系核区星暴活动的最新研究结果,着重讨论了存在两类Seyflert2型星系(一类是被遮挡的Seyfert1型星系,另一类是“真正”的Seyfert2型星系即不存在宽线区的Seyfert2型星系)的可能性．通过比较具有和不具有偏振宽线的Seyflert2型星系在红外、射电、光学和X射线光谱性质的差别,发现具有偏振宽线的Seyfert2型星系在本质上和Seyflert1型星系是同一类天体,差别只在于观测者视线方向的不同;而不具有偏振宽线的Seyfert2型星系是一些星系核活动较弱而星暴活动占主导的天体,这些星系从射电、红外、光学到硬X射线,都具有和星暴星系相似的性质。由于这些星系中核的吸积率将比Seyflert1型星系低近两个量级,因而它们很有可能是一些没有宽发射线区的Seyfert2型星系,即所谓的“真正”Seyflert2型星系。     

MicroStation J项目定制的研究

简略介绍了MicroStation J下的项目定制的机制、项目设置文件中主要字段的含义、项目的目录结构以及自定义用户的项目内容等。最后介绍了结合江苏省1：50000DLG生产而开发的项目定制实例。     

台站短水准数据处理分析软件

台站短水准测量外业工作结束后，其后的观测数据计算处理、电报文件的生成、各类报表的编制、曲线图件的绘制、分析会商资料处理等内业工作量很大(合肥形变台年终应提交的报表和图件共有123份之多)，且繁琐。人工操作费时费力，易出差错。     

框架结构SMA阻尼器被动控制模拟分析

介绍了形状记忆合金(SMA)阻尼器的性能,引入其本构关系,建立其热力学方程。针对所提出的阻尼器及相关参数选择,利用ANSYS进行框架结构中的被动控制模拟。将所得的未加与加入SMA阻尼器下顶层位移进行比较,发现SMA阻尼器可以很好地提高框架结构的抗震性能,并提出进一步研究的方法。     

银根—额济纳旗中生代盆地构造演化及油气勘探前景

银根-额济纳旗盆地是中新生代陆相盆地，前中生代岩石构成盆地基底。晚三叠世-侏罗纪进入了断陷盆地发育阶段，早白垩世为断陷盆地全面发展期，晚白垩世为坳陷期，其后表现为挤压抬升状态。发育中下侏罗统和下白垩统两个含油气系统，部分坳陷生、储、盖条件及其组合十分优越，勘探实践证实有过油气运聚，显示了盆地良好的油气勘探前景。目前需要抓住勘探重点，从有利区带和圈闭人手，注重湖相沉积演化的特点和岩浆岩对烃源岩演化及油气成藏的影响，寻找突破口，打开该区油气勘探的新局面。