Plateau de bure observations of IRC+10216: high sensitivity maps of SiC2, SiS,and CS

We have obtained high angular resolution ( 3), and high sensitivity maps of IRC+10216. SiC₂ is found both in a spherical shell and in the very central region, indicating it is formed both in the inner envelope close to the star, and in the outer shell. The molecules SiS and CS are mostly found in the inner parts of the envelope, but are still detectable in the outer region (r 15) where the products of photochemistry are found. The maps show that IRC+10216 has a very clumpy envelope, with strong departures from spherical symmetry; an axis oriented NS-SW (P.A. 20°) can be seen in all maps. The radial brightness distribution of CS has secondary maxima, at the radius where the SiC₂ shell has its peak emission. A preliminary map shows CN in the same shell, but also in a still larger outer shell. Time variations in the mass loss rate, could be invoked to explain the multiple shell structure of this envelope.     

Morphological changes and allometric growth in hatchery-reared Chinese loach <Emphasis Type="Italic">Paramisgurnus dabryanus</Emphasis> (Dabry de Thiersant, 1872)

The length-weight relationship and allometric growth patterns of hatchery-reared Chinese loach, Paramisgurnus dabryanus (Dabry de Thiersant, 1872), were determined from hatching to 60 days after hatching. A best power model was estimated for the length-weight relationship during the early life stages. Positive allometric growth for the head segment, trunk length, tail length and eye diameter was also found in the early life stages, while body depth, tail depth, tail fin length, pectoral fin length and barbel length displayed a negative coefficient. During the subsequent early developmental stage, the growth coefficients showed a clear and common tendency towards isometry for all measured body ratios. The allometric growth changes in Chinese loach during the early stage are possibly the result of selective organogenesis directed towards survival priorities.     

3D building model-based pedestrian positioning method using GPS/GLONASS/QZSS and its reliability calculation

The current low-cost global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) receiver cannot calculate satisfactory positioning results for pedestrian applications in urban areas with dense buildings due to multipath and non-line-of-sight effects. We develop a rectified positioning method using a basic three-dimensional city building model and ray-tracing simulation to mitigate the signal reflection effects. This proposed method is achieved by implementing a particle filter to distribute possible position candidates. The likelihood of each candidate is evaluated based on the similarity between the pseudorange measurement and simulated pseudorange of the candidate. Finally, the expectation of all the candidates is the rectified positioning of the proposed map method. The proposed method will serve as one sensor of an integrated system in the future. For this purpose, we successfully define a positioning accuracy based on the distribution of the candidates and their pseudorange similarity. The real data are recorded at an urban canyon environment in the Chiyoda district of Tokyo using a commercial grade u-blox GNSS receiver. Both static and dynamic tests were performed. With the aid of GLONASS and QZSS, it is shown that the proposed method can achieve a 4.4-m 1σ positioning error in the tested urban canyon area.     

中国新型城镇化的空间格局演变及影响因素分析——基于285个地级市的面板数据

对中国2003~2012年285个地级市的新型城镇化水平进行测度,对其空间格局的演变进行深刻剖析。基于距离平方倒数权重矩阵,检验空间相关性,建立空间计量模型分析其影响因素,得出以下结论：① 新型城镇化的空间格局总体呈东高西低态势,且不断向内陆地区扩展,大城市水平明显高于中小城市;② 中国城市的新型城镇化水平具有明显的空间相关性,劳动力、投资水平、经济发展、政府能力、基础设施以及产业结构均起到正向的促进作用,且经济发展、劳动力与基础设施具有显著的正向空间溢出效应,其他几个变量均为负溢出。③ 估计效果最好的SDM模型显示不仅是本地区解释变量,还包括周边地区的相关变量都会影响各城市新型城镇化进程。     

鄱阳湖流域洪水变化特征及气候影响研究

为探讨鄱阳湖流域洪水过程的变化特征和规律,系统分析流域洪水量级、频率、发生时间的变化特征,利用核密度估计分析洪水发生率的非平稳性,运用月频率法评价洪水集聚性特征,并探讨低频气候因子对洪水变化的影响。研究表明：① 鄱阳湖流域各水文站点年、秋季和冬季最大洪水及POT超阈值洪水以增加趋势为主。② 洪水发生率年内集聚性显著,主要集中在4~7月;年际洪水发生次数呈现非平稳泊松分布,洪水发生率出现明显的年际集聚性特征。③ ENSO、IOD对下年洪水量级及洪水发生次数有明显影响,洪水发生次数与年最大洪水量级异常现象通常是ENSO和IOD协同作用结果。     

137°经向断面温、盐度的年际变异

系统地分析了137°E断面温、盐度的多年变化,主要结果为:(1)137°E断面100m层温度,在低纬度海域于某些年份出现异常低温,此现象可能与厄尔尼诺事件有关;指出棉兰老冷涡的存在是造成该断面于6°～8°N附近出现低温的主要原因。(2)厄尔尼诺期间,冬季137°E断面上28℃等温线所在纬度小于其多年平均值。(3)冬季137°E断面上次表层高盐水可划分为强型、次强型、中等型和弱型4种类型。     

水-汽离子通量的顾函数计算值

作者近十年来在研究痕量金属离子的水-汽界面转移时，发现宏观热力学无法解释转移机制，而微观量子化学及键参数与离子转移浓度之间，却存在函数关系——顾函数。即水蒸发时水汽带出的Zn2+等离子浓度C（μg／L），正相关于比电子亲和常数IZ／Z（eV）（与水合力相关），负相关于离子体积V（3）及配位数N（与水合数相关）。本研究运用顾函数方法进行水-汽离子通量（F）计算，结果表明，世界海洋的F=C×0．35（1012g/a），黄海的F=C×0．42（109g/a），揭示了自然规律。水汽化学离子浓度测定的可靠性，已由生物毒性实验证实。     

Relationship between suspended sediments from the Changjiang Estuary and the evolution of the embayed muddy coast of Zhejiang Province

South of Hangzhou Bay, Zhejiang Province, exhibits an embayed muddy coastline, with the muddy beaches of embayments extending continuously seaward.The source of sediments on this coast presents an interesting problem to marine geologists and geomorphologists .The total annual load of sediments from the rivers of Zhejiang is only 12×106t.These materials affect only the area near the river mouths. The paper showed that the sediment along the coast of Zhejiang mainly comes from the Changjiang Estuary through analysing the time and space variations of suspended sediment, the features of sediment and the sedimentary transport.The Changjiang River is the largest river system in China, its sediment to the sea amounting to 468×106t. The sediment during summer transports mainly eastward, and is affected by the water body with high temperature, salinity and transparency; the winter season is the period with high sediment concentration. The sediment of the Changjiang Estuary transports together with the longshor