澜沧江流域农业灌溉需水的时空变化(英文)

Based on the data of eight meteorological stations from the 1950s to 2007, current cropping patterns, field water moisture management, we use the Mann-Kendall and the Re-scaled Range Analysis methods to research the changes of humidity and crop irrigation water requirements in the Lancang River Basin. The results show that the annual and dry season average temperatures significantly increased, and the dry season rainfall increased while wet season rainfall decreased. Evaportranspiration (ET0) increased during both dry and wet seasons at all stations except Dali, Jianchuan and Gengma, and the aridity-humidity index decreased at most of the stations. The turning points of weather factors, ET0, the arid-ity-humidity index, paddy irrigation requirements and total agricultural water requirements occurred from the 1960s to the 1990s. The spatial changing tendency of paddy irrigation quota increased with the increase of altitude and latitude, and the correlation coefficients are 0.513 and 0.610, respectively. The maximum value is observed in Weixi, while the minimum in Mengla.     

1999—2009年新疆能源消费碳排放的因素分解及实证研究

从影响因素角度用LMDI分解方法对新疆1999—2009年的碳排放进行研究。结果表明:能源结构和能源强度对新疆人均碳排放增长起抑制效应,且能源强度的抑制效应大于能源结构的抑制效应;产业规模和人口规模对新疆人均碳排放增长起拉动效应,且产业规模的拉动效应大于人口规模的拉动效应。能源强度和能源结构的抑制效应难以抵消由产业规模和人口规模拉动的新疆人均碳排放的增长。在实证研究结果的基础上提出了相应的政策建议。     

基于层次分析法和GIS的西昌市空间形态变化特征研究

城市空间形态变化研究涉及到自然条件、资源分布、人类活动、社会经济发展等诸多方面,运用层次分析法对复杂因素构成的整体问题进行层次分解和重新构造,建立多目标的综合评价指标体系和模型。以西昌市为例,将影响城市化发展和空间形态发展变化的特征因子概括分解为自然因子和人类活动因子两大类,并基于DEM数据分别提取出坡度、相对高程、坡向、地面粗糙度数据,利用两个不同时期的遥感数据求取出土地变化率数据,从而作为分析西昌市空间形态变化特征的驱动力因子。结合层次分析法计算出来的5个因子权重值,在ArcGIS 9.3中利用栅格计算器进行叠置分析,求取出西昌市空间形态变化模式趋势图和空间发展模式分类图。     

保定地区雷电分布特征及短时预警模型分析

根据保定市近2002—2011年18个地面观测站的雷暴日资料,分析研究了保定市雷电活动的时空分布特点。在此基础上利用保定市11部大气电场监测仪组网实时监测数据,找出电场幅值和上升率两个预警因子确定预警阈值,建立保定雷电短时预警模型。通过对36个雷电样本进行检验：提前30分钟预警的准确率达到60%,前20分钟达到74%,提前10分钟达到88%。结果表明,随着时间临近其预警准确率明显提高,对雷电短时预警具有很好的参考价值。     

1949—2010年西北太平洋热带气旋特征分析

文章分析了1949—2010年发生在西北太平洋上的热带气旋的空间分布特征。并利用趋势分析、小波分析和滑动t检验方法分析了热带气旋的年际变化特征、季节变化特征、周期特征和突变特征。结果表明:西北太平洋热带气旋多生成于5~25°N,110~170°E的海域。频数的年际变化存在三个阶段,月际变化明显,集中出现在7—10月。整个时域上10~15a的波动明显,并经历了三次突变过程。62a间强热带风暴生成最多,台风次之,热带风暴最少。热带气旋强度的年变化不明显。热带气旋强度越强,频数最大值的月份出现越晚。亚洲季风和西太平洋副高对热带气旋的产生起很大的作用。     

江西省双季早稻长势定量等级指标的研究

利用2010—2011年江西省有代表性的12个县(市)共34个观测点的双季早稻农业气象观测资料,采用频数分析方法,研究建立了江西省双季早稻长势观测定量指标。结果表明,在各主要生育期,不同苗情的早稻,其叶面积指数与单株干物质重量差异明显,可用于早稻长势的定量评价。产量分析表明,研究建立的双季早稻长势定量等级指标可用于实际。     

Intraseasonal variability in the equatorial Atlantic-West Africa during March–June

Intraseasonal (30–80 days) variability in the equatorial Atlantic-West African sector during March–June is investigated using various recently-archived satellite measurements and the NCEP/DOE AMIP-II reanalysis daily data. The global connections of regional intraseasonal signals are first examined for the period of 1979–2006 through lag-regression analyses of convection (OLR) and other dynamic components against a regional intraseasonal convective (OLR) index. The eastward-propagating features of convection can readily be seen, accompanied by coherent circulation anomalies, similar to those for the global tropical intraseasonal mode, i.e., the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO). The regressed TRMM rainfall (3B42) anomalies during the TRMM period (1998–2006) manifest similar propagating features as for the regressed OLR anomalies during 1979–2006. These coherent features hence tend to suggest that the regional intraseasonal convective signals might be mostly a regional response to, or closely associated with the MJO, and probably contribute to the MJO’s global propagation. Atmospheric and surface intraseasonal variability during March–June of 1998–2006 are further examined using the high-quality TRMM Microwave Imager (TMI) sea surface temperature (SST), columnar water vapor, and cloud liquid water, and the QuikSCAT oceanic winds (2000–2006). Enhanced (suppressed) convection or positive (negative) rainfall anomalies approximately cover the entire basin (0°–10°N, 30°W–10°E) during the passage of intraseasonal convective signals, accompanied by anomalous surface westerly (easterly) flow. Furthermore, a unique propagating feature seems to exist within the tropical Atlantic basin. Rainfall anomalies always appear first in the northwestern basin right off the coast of South America, and gradually extend eastward to cover the entire basin. A dipolar structure of rainfall anomalies with cross-equatorial surface wind anomalies can thus be observed during this evolution, similar to the anomaly patterns on the interannual time scale discovered in past studies. Coherent intraseasonal variations and patterns can also be found in other physical components.

电场时序差分在雷电预警中的有效性分析

目前国内应用地面大气电场仪进行雷电预警一般使用阈值法,这一方法直接使用电场观测值的多重阈值来进行预警,在实际应用中容易出现误报和漏报的现象.本文通过对晴天大气电场和雷暴天气大气电场分析了大气电场时序差分的基本特征,并结合SAFIR3000闪电定位观测数据,对典型雷暴过程下的电场时序差分进行了深入分析.本文还选取了有雷暴发生和无雷暴发生的预警应用个例进行了分析,分析结果表明电场时序差分的应用能在一定程度上提高雷电预警的效率.     

中小流域入库径流影响因素的敏感性分析

根据鲇鱼山水库和陆浑水库实测的月平均流量、气温、降水量资料,采用Mann-Kendall趋势分析法、Spearman秩次相关检验、滑动t检验法对两座水库的入库流量进行显著性检验;建立了有关径流-降水-气温的数学模型,并对其敏感性进行了分析.研究结果表明:陆浑水库和鲇鱼山水库的入库流量对降水变化的响应比对气温变化的响应更为显著.入库流量与降水变化趋势一致,与气温变化趋势相反,即随降雨量的增加而增加,随气温的升高而减少.     

河南省北部一次大雾天气过程分析

利用地面观测和探空资料以及NCEP1°×1°再分析资料,分析了2007年12A25-27日河南省北部大雾的成因,结果表明：由于降水后低层相对湿度较大,大气层结稳定,地面处在均压场里,风速较小,且大气低层为弱的上升运动、中高层为强的下沉运动,有利于低层水汽聚集,使湿层达到一定的厚度,从而使垂直能见度变差,雾的浓度变大。