Post-Aswan dam sedimentation rate of lagoons of the Nile Delta,Egypt

This study uses radiometric analysis (²¹⁰Pb and ¹³⁷Cs) of short sediment cores with high-resolution sampling (1-cm interval) to trace sedimentation rates in the Nile Delta lagoons, particularly since completion of the Aswan High Dam in 1964. A declining trend in ²¹⁰Pb_ex as calculated by the CIC model is clearly identified in about 10 cm of the upper-core sediments from the lagoons of Manzala and Edku, accompanied by two spikes of ¹³⁷Cs in cores from the lagoons of Burullus and Edku. These findings illustrate average post-dam sedimentation rates ranging from 0.22 to 0.27 cm a⁻¹ in the lagoons, in contrast with those found previously based on low-resolution sampling. The lower sedimentation rates in the lagoons are a consequence of a dramatic reduction in riverine sediment load to the coastal area as a result of the damming. Although widespread erosion occurs along the open estuarine coast, the lagoon setting remains calmer than before due to coastal diking and freshwater regulation in the delta plain in the past decades. This provides the possibility of continuously preserved radiometric records in the less-bioturbated lagoon sediments. Dating individual layers using the CRS model has revealed increasing sedimentation rates in Manzala and Burullus since the 1980s, which can largely be explained as a consequence of the reduction in lagoon area due to intensifying reclamation. The post-dam sedimentation in the shrinking lagoons may have some adverse ecological consequences due to finer sediment’s affinity with pollutants. These findings would shed light on the environmental conservation and socioeconomic development in the Nile Delta region.     

Relations between integrated and monochromatic luminosities of flat-spectrum radio quasars

We employ a sample of 362 flat-spectrum radio quasars (FSRQs) to calculate their integrated luminosities by integrating the spectral energy distribution (SED) constructed with multi-band (radio,IR,optical,UV and X-ray) data.We compare these luminosities with those estimated from monochromatic luminosities by multiplying them by the conventional bolometric correction factors.Our analysis shows that the integrated luminosities calculated from the SED are much larger than the bolometric luminosities estimated ...     

基于新生代活动构造背景的地震重点危险区域综合研究——以安徽为例

基于地震的发生与断裂的活动性密切相关,为了科学合理并尽可能准确地判定未来地震重点危险区域,以安徽为例,利用由深浅部对比、宏微观构造解析所给出的新生代构造活动性最新研究成果,结合地震活动性资料研究结果,对一些重点部位的地震危险性进行了综合研究。结果表明,根据长时间尺度的地质构造最新研究揭示的活动性较强区域,与根据近代地震活动性资料研究反映的危险性较大区域,呈现较好的一致性特征,从而为未来地震重点危险区域的判定提供了新的较为可靠的依据和方法。     

Delineation of different phytoplankton communities in the East China Sea mackerel and carangoid fishing ground

Delineation of phytoplankton communities in this study was based on: 1) cluster analysis by Preston's Equation (1962) and 2) analysis of the number of individuals. Results obtained by these two methods were very similar to that obtained in a previous study (Fig. 1, Gu and Guo, 1982) based on analysis of the number of planktonic species of different ecological nature. Among these three methods, that based on cluster analysis (by which some subcommunities could be recognized) proved to be the best. Contribution No. 1841 from the Institute of Oceanology, Academia Sinica.     

四川省森林火险预报系统

四川省森林火险预报系统是用VB6.0语言编写,采用多因子线性回归统计方法建立的一套森林火险等级预报业务系统;本系统通用性强、功能齐全,为预报员提供了一套较完备的火险等级预报工具,同时实现了等值线这一科学计算可视化表现方式,摆脱了对专业绘图软件的依赖.     

“95.8”川西大暴雨成因分析

通过对“９５．８”大暴雨过程的全面技术总结，揭示了多种尺度系统间相互作用对产生大暴雨过程的贡献，并指出了云团的发生及其发展源于北方冷空气和南方低空急流持续影响所形成的两个中间尺度垂直环流。     

《中国海沉积物─海水界面化学》──第一部中国海界面化学专著

由中国科学院海洋研究所青年学者来金明同志独立完成的35万字的《中国海沉积物一海水界面化学》专著，将于1997年1月由海洋出版社出版发行。该专著是中国第一部海洋界面化学专著，也是世界上第一部有关中国海沉积物一海水界面化学专著。作为学科交叉新的生长点，海洋沉积物一海水界面化学的研究在国际也不过刀多年的历史，在我国仅有10多年。由于海洋沉积物一海水界面过程参与了海洋中许多复杂的生物地球化学过程，所以已成为当今海洋学研究的热点之一。《中国海沉积物一海水界面化学》是著者及其研究组10年来把当今海洋学研究的前沿领域，…     

海城7．3级地震前地震波动力学特征量的异常变化

本文给出对海城７．３级地震前地震波动力学特征量变化的一些最新研究结果。所研究的地震波包括体波（Ｐ，Ｓ波）、尾波和短周期地脉动三类。特征量有：体波与地脉动的波形时间线性度和空间线性度，平均半周期，频谱的峰值频率、拐角频率、相对频带宽度、相对频谱峰值、高频段的谱线斜率绝对值；尾波的时间熵、振幅比、持续时间、观测与计算持续时间差及其二阶差分、Ｑ＿ｃ值、反映介质混浊度与震源特性的系数ａ＿ｃ等。所得结果表明，三类地震波的上述动力学特征量大都在震前一至半年左右出现、有的在６－１０天乃至一天以内出现过不同形态的阶段性异常变化，因而可看作海城地震的中短期和临震的地震波前兆异常指标。     

豹皮菌中两种氨基酸成分对N－甲基D－门冬氨酸（NMDA）受体的作用

报道豹皮菌（Ａｍａｎｉｔａｐａｎｔｈｅｒｉｎａ）中两种氨基酸成分ＫＩ－Ⅰ、ＫＩ－Ⅱ对ＮＭＤＡ（Ｎ－Ｍｅｔｈｙｌ－Ｄ－Ａｓｐａｒｔａｔｅ）受体的活性研究。ＫＩ－Ⅰ和ＫＩ－Ⅱ对ＮＭＤＡ受体的作用是通过大鼠大脑皮质和脊髓突触部分的受体结合实验进行的。实验结果指出：ＫＩ－Ⅰ是一种高活性ＮＭＤＡ受体激动剂；ＫＩ－Ⅱ是ＮＭＤＡ受体拈抗剂。     

An evaluation of the Arctic clouds and surface radiative fluxes in CMIP6 models

To assess the performances of state-of-the-art global climate models on simulating the Arctic clouds and surface radiation balance, the 2001–2014 Arctic Basin surface radiation budget, clouds, and the cloud radiative effects(CREs) in 22 coupled model intercomparison project 6(CMIP6) models are evaluated against satellite observations. For the results from CMIP6 multi-model mean, cloud fraction(CF) peaks in autumn and is lowest in winter and spring, consistent with that from three satellite observation products(Cloud Sat-CALIPSO, CERESMODIS, and APP-x). Simulated CF also shows consistent spatial patterns with those in observations. However,almost all models overestimate the CF amount throughout the year when compared to CERES-MODIS and APP-x.On average, clouds warm the surface of the Arctic Basin mainly via the longwave(LW) radiation cloud warming effect in winter. Simulated surface energy loss of LW is less than that in CERES-EBAF observation, while the net surface shortwave(SW) flux is underestimated. The biases may result from the stronger cloud LW warming effect and SW cooling effect from the overestimated CF by the models. These two biases compensate each other,yielding similar net surface radiation flux between model output(3.0 W/m~2) and CERES-EBAF observation(6.1 W/m~2). During 2001–2014, significant increasing trend of spring CF is found in the multi-model mean,consistent with previous studies based on surface and satellite observations. Although most of the 22 CMIP6 models show common seasonal cycles of CF and liquid water path/ice water path(LWP/IWP), large inter-model spreads exist in the amounts of CF and LWP/IWP throughout the year, indicating the influences of different cloud parameterization schemes used in different models. Cloud Feedback Model Intercomparison Project(CFMIP)observation simulator package(COSP) is a great tool to accurately assess the performance of climate models on simulating clouds. More intuitive and credible evaluation results can be obtained based on the COSP model output. In the future, with the release of more COSP output of CMIP6 models, it is expected that those inter-model spreads and the model-observation biases can be substantially reduced. Longer term active satellite observations are also necessary to evaluate models' cloud simulations and to further explore the role of clouds in the rapid Arctic climate changes.