Is the dinoflagellate Takayama xiamenensis a synonym of Takayama acrotrocha (Kareniaceae,Dinophyceae)?

Journal of Oceanology and Limnology - The naked dinoflagellate Takayama acrotrocha was identified as responsible for a bloom in Shenzhen Bay, Guangdong, China, in early spring 2021. The...     

我国城市湖泊空间分布格局特征分析及影响因素探讨

城市湖泊作为城市与自然之间进行水气交换的蓝色空间,具有供水、防洪、休闲、气候调节以及改善城市生态环境等诸多生态服务功能。中国地域辽阔、城市众多,不同区域的城市湖泊受自然地理环境和社会经济发展等因素的影响而具有显著的空间差异特征。目前已有研究对我国省会城市和个别大型城市的湖泊空间分布及变化特征等开展研究,但全国范围内各行政等级单元内城市湖泊分布的空间格局及其影响因素仍缺乏综合分析。本研究基于中国城市湖泊数据集,从城市分布的地域单元、行政等级、城市规模3个方面对城市湖泊分布特征进行统计分析和比较,并结合自然和人类活动要素,初步探讨影响城市湖泊分布规模和丰度的主控因子。结果表明,2020年全国共有约11万个面积大于0.001km²城市湖泊(不包括太湖、滇池等大型湖泊),总面积约2112 km²,约占全国城市(遥感城市不透水层区域)面积的1.1%。城市湖泊的分布具有显著的集聚和分异特征,数量超过70%的城市湖泊分布在约20%的县(区)级行政单元,约21%的县(区)级行政单元基本没有(<10 m遥感影像分辨率下10个像元)城市湖泊分布。城市湖泊数...     

一次东北冷涡暴雨过程成因分析

利用常规气象观测资料、NCEP 1°×1°逐6h的再分析资料和FY-2E红外云图、TBB等资料,对2014年7月7—8日由东北冷涡引发内蒙古东北部的暴雨过程形成原因进行了天气学诊断分析,结果表明:1低空急流是主要水汽来源,不同地区出现暴雨的机制不同,兴安盟东部、呼伦贝尔市东南部由于槽前、切变南缘地面暖锋附近,中低空急流汇合处,强辐合抬升触发不稳定能量释放导致强天气的发生,而呼伦贝尔市西南部暴雨跟中上层冷涡的生成发展与对应的地面低压逐步耦合的动力作用相关;2湿位涡的分布对暴雨的发生、落区有较强的指示性作用,700hPa正负值区过度带的配置是暴雨发生发展的有利潜势,暴雨发生在700hPa等值线密集带和850hPa MPV2大于等于0的叠加区域内,700hPa正负过渡带附近,偏向于正值一侧;3最大降水量的雨强落后于云团TBB最低值1~2h,并不是强TBB与最强降水同步出现。     

基于小波变换法定义的波群参数

通过小波变换分析的波能过程定义了两个描述波浪群性的参数,由数值模拟波浪和实测波浪资料对其与常用的波群参数进行对比分析,结果表明基于小波波能过程定义的群性参数是有效的,从而展示了小波变换用于在时频域上分析波群的能力。详细探讨了波浪记录长度对群性参数稳定性的影响,分析结果表明,波浪观测长度对于波群参数的影响较大,在考虑波浪群性的波浪模拟及分析时,建议模拟时间长度应在400~500个波以上。     

Water mining from the deep critical zone by apple trees growing on loess

There have been significant recent advances in understanding the ecohydrology of deep soil. However, the links between root development and water usage in the deep critical zone remains poorly understood. To clarify the interaction between water use and root development in deep soil, we investigated soil water and root profiles beyond maximum rooting depth in five apple orchards planted on farmland with stand ages of 8, 11, 15, 18, and 22 years in a subhumid region on the Chinese Loess Plateau. Apple trees rooted progressively deeper for water with increasing stand age and reached 23.2 ± 0.8 m for the 22‐year‐old trees. Soil water deficit in deep soil increased with tree age and was 1,530 ± 43 mm for a stand age of 22 years. Measured root deepening rate was far great than the reported pore water velocity, which demonstrated that trees are mining resident old water. The deficits are not replenished during the life‐span of the orchard, showing a one‐way mining of the critical zone water. The one‐way root water mining may have changed the fine root profile from an exponential pattern in the 8‐year‐old orchard to a relative uniform distribution in older orchards. Our findings enhance our understanding of water‐root interaction in deep soil and reveal the unintended consequences of critical zone dewatering during the lifespan of apple trees.     

Calibration method affects the measured δ2H and δ18O in soil water by direct H2Oliquid–H2Ovapour equilibration with laser spectroscopy

The direct H₂O_liquid–H₂O_vapour equilibration method utilizing laser spectroscopy (DVE-LS) is a way to measure soil pore water stable isotopes. Various equilibration times and calibration methods have been used in DVE-LS. Yet little is known about their effects on the accuracy of the obtained isotope values. The objective of this study was to evaluate how equilibration time and calibration methods affect the accuracy of DVE-LS. We did both spiking and field soil experiments. For the spiking experiment, we applied DVE-LS to four soils of different textures, each of which was subjected to five water contents and six equilibration times. For the field soil experiment, we applied three calibration methods for DVE-LS to two field soil profiles, and the results were compared with cryogenic vacuum distillation (CVD)-LS. Results showed that DVE-LS demonstrated higher δ²H and δ¹⁸O as equilibration time increased, but 12 to 24 hr could be used as optimal equilibration time. For field soil samples, DVE-LS with liquid waters as standards led to significantly higher δ²H and δ¹⁸O than CVD-LS, with root mean square error (RMSE) of 8.06‰ for δ²H and 0.98‰ for δ¹⁸O. Calibration with soil texture reduced RMSE to 3.53‰ and 0.72‰ for δ²H and δ¹⁸O, respectively. Further, calibration with both soil texture and water content decreased RMSE to 3.10‰ for δ²H and 0.73‰ for δ¹⁸O. Our findings conclude that the calibration method applied may affect the measured soil water isotope values from DVE-LS.     

A modified normalized model for predicting effective soil thermal conductivity

Effective soil thermal conductivity (λ _eff) describes the ability of a multiphase soil to transmit heat by conduction under unit temperature gradient. It is a critical parameter for environmental science, earth and planetary science, and engineering applications. Numerous models are available in the literature, but their applicability is generally restricted to certain soil types or water contents (θ). The objective of this study was to develop a new model in the similar form of the Johansen 1975 model to simulate the λ _eff(θ) relationship of soils of various soil textures and water contents. An exponential type model with two parameters is developed and a new function for calculating dry soil thermal conductivity is presented. Performance of the new model and six other normalized models were evaluated with published datasets. The results show that the new model is able to well mimic λ _eff(θ) relationship of soils from sand to silt loam and from oven dry to full saturation. In addition, it has the best performance among the seven models under test (with root-mean-square error of 0.059 W m^?1 °C^?1, average deviations of 0.0009 W m^?1 °C^?1, and Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency of 0.994). The new model has potential to improve the reliability of soil thermal conductivity estimation and be incorporated into numerical modeling for environmental, earth and engineering studies.     

呼和浩特地震台防雷应用分析

介绍了呼和浩特基准地震台运用雷电预警系统进行防雷击保护的措施,通过对雷电预警系统的运行情况考察分析,说明该系统可靠实用,对观测设备防雷击起到关键作用。     

泌阳凹陷毕店地区油藏特征浅析

泌阳凹陷毕店地区经过三十多年的勘探,一直没有取得实质性的突破。2005年以来对该区三维地震资料重新处理与解释攻关,基本具备了精细勘探的物质基础。毕店地区主体已发现的油气藏类型以断层+岩性油气藏为主。通过应用系统的研究思路,以现代石油地质理论为指导,初步探讨毕店地区油藏分布特征与油气成藏的控制作用。     

新亚欧大陆桥新疆段水害时空分维特征研究

基于区域自然灾害发生的复杂性和不确定性,运用分形、混沌理论,对新亚欧大陆桥新疆段近３８年的洪水灾害资料进行了时空分维特研究。结果表明：陆桥新疆段洪水灾害不仅在时间序列上具有自相似性,其容量维Ｄｆ在０．０４９７～０．０６８７间,而且在空间序列上也具有自似性,存在明显分维结构,其信息Ｄ１在０．０５３７～０．０７９７之间。洪水灾严重区段的信息分维值较低,并且信息分维与洪水灾害发生频率呈反相关。这一特征将