基于WebGIS定制平台的开发与应用

基于柔性设计、定制及框架技术,形成应用型WebGIS定制平台的概念及框架,提炼了平台的高柔性、多粒度功能复用、充分可定制三大特点,进行了数据定制与配置、界面定制与配置、功能定制与配置等功能的研究与设计。基于WebGIS定制平台的开发与应用实践证明:该开发模式实现了多个WebGIS应用系统的敏捷开发,较好地支持了数据共享、功能复用与界面的一致性。     

Zircon U–Pb ages and Hf isotope compositions of migmatites from the North Qinling terrane and their geological implications

Migmatites are predominant in the North Qinling (NQ) orogen, but their formation ages are poorly constrained. This paper presents a combined study of cathodoluminescence imaging, U–Pb age, trace element and Hf isotopes of zircon in migmatites from the NQ unit. In the migmatites, most zircon grains occur as new, homogeneous crystals, while some are present as overgrowth rims around inherited cores. Morphological and trace element features suggest that the zircon crystals are metamorphic and formed during partial melting. The inherited cores have oscillatory zoning and yield U–Pb ages of c. 900 Ma, representing their protolith ages. The early Neoproterozoic protoliths probably formed in an active continental margin, being a response to the assembly of the supercontinent Rodinia. The migmatite zircon yields Hf model ages of 1911 ± 20 to 990 ± 22 Ma, indicating that the protoliths were derived from reworking of Palaeoproterozoic to Neoproterozoic crustal materials. The anatexis zircon yields formation ages ranging from 455 ± 5 to 420 ± 4 Ma, with a peak at c. 435 Ma. Combined with previous results, we suggest that the migmatization of the NQ terrane occurred at c. 455–400 Ma. The migmatization was c. 50 Ma later than the c. 490 Ma ultra‐high‐P (UHP) metamorphism, indicating that they occurred in two independent tectonic events. By contrast, the migmatization was coeval with the granulite facies metamorphism and the granitic magmatism in the NQ unit, which collectively argue for their formation due to the northward subduction of the Shangdan Ocean. UHP rocks were distributed mainly along the northern margin and occasionally in the inner part of the NQ unit, indicating that they were exhumed along the northern edge and detached from the basement by the subsequent migmatization process.     

中原城市群高速公路通达性及空间格局变化研究

基于中原城市群2000,2003,2006,2009年高速公路网络建设情况,分别构建4个年份高速公路拓扑网络分析图和最短路径矩阵,对中原城市群高速公路10年来网络发育程度进行动态分析和空间格局变化的研究。结果表明:2000—2009年中原城市群高速公路网络发育程度明显改善,入网城市和线路数增加迅速,经历了由树状网络—回路网络—网络拓展阶段;区域交通中心形成6路回路网络连接;网络伸展程度逐年提高,区域网络直径变化虽然不明显,但是网络直径对应的城市却发生明显的空间位移;城市群高速公路网络发育在空间上已经开始打破"核心-边缘"的特点,呈现均衡化发展的趋势。     

甘肃省高温等级标准

介绍了甘肃省高温等级标准制定的主要内容。通过分析甘肃特殊的地理环境和天气气候特点、河西和河东地区高温天气气候的差异、干热性高温的危害及其影响特点、国内外高温等级标准的制定情况等,阐述了制定甘肃省高温等级标准及其等级划分的主要依据。并综合与高温密切相关的国家、行业、地方的立法标准和规范,编制与其相适应的高温等级标准。     

Carbon and oxygen isotopic composition of car- bonate cements of different phases in terrigenous siliciclastic reservoirs and significance for their origin： A case study from sandstones of the Triassic Yanchang Formation, southwestern Ordos Basin, China

Early carbonate cements in the Yanchang Formation sandstones are composed mainly of calcite with relatively heavier carbon isotope （their δ^18O values range from -0.3‰- -0.1‰） and lighter oxygen isotope （their δ^18O values range from -22.1‰- -19.5‰）. Generally, they are closely related to the direct precipitation of oversaturated calcium carbonate from alkaline lake water. This kind of cementation plays an important role in enhancing the anti-compaction ability of sandstones, preserving intragranular volume and providing the mass basis for later disso- lution caused by acidic fluid flow to produce secondary porosity. Ferriferous calcites are characterized by relatively light carbon isotope with δ^13C values ranging from -8.02‰ to -3.23‰, and lighter oxygen isotope with δ^18O values ranging from -22.9‰ to -19.7‰, which is obviously related to the decarboxylation of organic matter during the late period of early diagenesis to the early period of late diagenesis. As the mid-late diagenetic products, ferriferous cal- cites in the study area are considered as the characteristic authigenic minerals for indicating large-scaled hydrocarbon influx and migration within the clastic reservoir. The late ankerite is relatively heavy in carbon isotope with δ^13C values ranging from -1.92‰ to -0.84‰, and shows a wide range of variations in oxygen isotopic composition, with δ^18O values ranging from -20.5‰ to -12.6‰. They are believed to have nothing to do with decarboxylation, but the previously formed marine carbonate rock fragments may serve as the chief carbon source for their precipitation, and the alkaline diagenetic environment at the mid-late stage would promote this process.     

Long-term (1998–2007) trends on the spatial distribution of heterotrophic ciliates in the East China Sea in summer: effect of the Three Gorges Dam construction

The spatial distribution of heterotrophic ciliates, environmental factors and potential food items (bacteria, Synechococcus spp. and nanoflagellates) were measured in the East China Sea to examine which variables contributed importantly to the long-term distribution of ciliates between 1998 and 2007. In July 1998 and June 2003, heterotrophic ciliates were found to be abundant (1,000–2,000 × 10³ cells m⁻³) in regions where surface salinity <32 but extremely low (<500 × 10³ cells m⁻³) in shelf waters of surface salinity >32. After August 2003, shortly after the completion of the Three Gorges Dam, we found no significant areal differences in the abundance of heterotrophic ciliates (HC). However, we found a significantly negative correlation between temperature and HC abundance of surface water after the completion of the dam, suggesting that temperature had a greater influence on HC abundance, once the original saline state had changed. For the long-term trends on the vertical distribution of HC, their abundance was significantly higher in the upper 50 m of the water column than at either 75 or 100 m. Abundance of Synechococcus spp. at these levels varied significantly in regions of surface salinity <32, suggesting that ciliates and picophytoplankton contribute greatly to mediating the transfer of organic matter to higher trophic levels in this marine ecosystem.     

有限元-无限元耦合法在复杂金属矿体电阻率/极化率正演模拟中的应用——以庐枞盆地泥河铁矿床为例

金属矿电法勘探由于受限于探测深度和复杂矿体形态的解释,在深部矿产资源勘探中难受重视.安徽庐江泥河铁矿床是长江中下游成矿带中最主要的矿床类型之一,矿区复杂的地质结构和矿体形态以及矿体的大深度赋存状态给地球物理勘探特别是电法勘探带来了很大的挑战.为了研究电阻率/极化率法在大深度复杂金属矿体探测中的应用效果,本文以泥河铁矿某勘探剖面为例,在实际矿区的地质模型基础上通过简化建立了相应的地球物理模型,采用偶极-偶极装置及二极装置,对矿区进行直流电阻率/极化率数值模拟.提出采用有限元-无限元耦合法以解决传统有限元法截断边界所引起的问题.理论和计算结果表明:有限元-无限元耦合法相比传统有限元法,能显著提高计算的效率和精度.偶极-偶极装置的视电阻率断面图较二极装置能更好的区分不同地层及磁铁矿异常,而根据铁矿高极化特性,探测深度相对较大的二极装置的视极化率断面图能够更好的反映出异常体位置及范围.     

Impact of transferred water on the hydrochemistry and water quality of surface water and groundwater in Baiyangdian Lake,North China

The hydrochemical composition of surface water and groundwater is a key parameter for understanding the evolution of water and its quality.In particular, little is known about the impact of transferred water on surface water and groundwater.In this study, Baiyangdian Lake was selected as a typical area for extensive groundwater exploration and surface water transfer in the North China Plain.Surface water and groundwater samples were sampled in dry/wet seasons and then analyzed before/after the water transfer, respectively.Generally, surface water and groundwater are extensively hydrologically connected based on hydrochemical evidence.It was found that the hydrochemical composition of the shallow groundwater is affected by the surface water and that the water quality of the deep groundwater is stable.However, inter-aquifer recharge processes from the shallow groundwater to the deep groundwater existed in the anthropogenic region impacted with high nitrate-ion concentrations.Also, the hydrochemical composition of the surface water and groundwater was dominated by rock-weathering and evaporation-precipitation processes.Due to the existence of the deep vadose zone in the alluvial fan, Na~+was exchanged into soil matrices during the leakage of the surface water.In addition, the transferred water resulted in surface water with good quality, and it also played as an important recharge source to groundwater.As the most important water resource for irrigation and drinking, deep groundwater should be paid more attention in the alluvial fan with frequent water transfer and extensive groundwater exploration.     

基于合成孔径雷达交叉极化通道数据的海上目标探测

Azimuth ambiguities(ghost targets) discrimination is of great interest with the development of a synthetic aperture radar(SAR). And the azimuth ambiguities are often mistaken as actual targets and cause false alarms. For actual targets, HV channel signals acquired by a fully polarimetric SAR are approximately equal to a VH channel in magnitude and phase, i.e., the reciprocity theorem applies, but shifted in phase about ± for the first-order azimuth ambiguities. Exploiting this physical behavior, the real part of the product of the two cross-polarized channels, i.e.(S S)HV VH, hereafter called A12 r, is employed as a new parameter for a target detection at sea. Compared with other parameters, the contrast of A12 r image between a target and the surrounding sea surface will be obviously increased when A12 r image is processed by mean filtering algorithm. Here, in order to detect target with constant false-alarm rates(CFARs), an analytical expression for the probability density function(pdf) of A12 r is derived based on the complex Wishart-distribution. Because a value of A12 r is greater/less than 0 for real target/its azimuth ambiguities, the first-order azimuth ambiguities can be completely removed by this A12r-based CFAR technology. Experiments accomplished over C-band RADARSAT-2 fully polarimetric imageries confirm the validity.     

广州市地铁可达性时空演化及其对公交可达性的影响

应用GIS方法,选取2000、2003、2009和2012年4个时间节点,运用复杂网络理论构建了广州市公共交通网络模型,通过对比分析地铁站点与线路加入到公共交通网络中所产生的变化,定量分析地铁网络建设对公共交通可达性的影响,分析地铁发展不同时期内,城市公共交通可达性空间格局的演化,全面探讨地铁建设对城市公共交通可达性的影响,以期为一体化的多模式城市公共交通体系发展决策提供理论支持。结果显示:①广州市地铁网络顺利完成由树状向回路网络的转变,地铁可达性重心与广州市空间扩展方向呼应,呈现出向南、向东迁移特征;②地铁在很大程度上提高了广州城市公交网络可达性,且其改善作用随地铁线路网的增加和回路网络的发育而日益显著;③地铁网络对城市公交可达性格局的影响,打破了常规公交网络圈层式公交可达性格局,逐渐呈现出圈层式加沿地铁线路分布的廊道式格局;④地铁对公交各站点网络可达时间的影响,常规公交站点可达时间变化程度呈现出由地铁线路向外递减的空间分布趋势,当地铁网络发育形成回路网络时,大大地提升公交网络的运营效率,缩短各个站点之间的出行时间。