大型帐篷构造对贵州天星桥喀斯特石林形成演化的控制作用

贵州黄果树天星桥景区下三叠统安顺组白云岩广泛出露,分布有连片水上石林,其发育在下三叠世台地相与深海盆地过渡的台地边缘相带上,这里海水进退频繁,古海岸带暴露面上大型帐蓬构造十分发育.碳酸盐岩古暴露带这种岩性特征,一则导致岩石充满裂隙及孔洞,极有利于大气降水入渗及地下水的赋存和运移;另则导致岩体软弱结构面密布,岩石的力学强...     

准噶尔盆地四棵树凹陷侏罗系烃源岩特征及油源分析

侏罗系是四棵树凹陷油气勘探的重要目的层,进一步查明侏罗系油气来源,落实生烃中心,对今后勘探选区选带十分重要。本文在对侏罗系烃源岩有机质丰度、类型、成熟度以及埋藏史和生烃潜力分析的基础上,开展了原油分类、油源对比及油气运移分析研究。结果表明,下侏罗统八道湾组主要发育湖相泥岩和河沼—三角洲相煤系两类烃源岩,有机质类型较好,丰度较高,主体处于低成熟—成熟阶段,局部演化程度高,生气潜力大;八道湾组具晚期快速埋藏生烃特点,四棵树凹陷主体以生油为主;生物标志化合物特征及其指纹对比发现,中侏罗统头屯河组含A、B两类原油,A类原油主要源自八道湾组中段湖相泥岩,生油母质以低等水生生物为主,B类原油的生油母质主要为高等植物,应主要来自八道湾组上、下段煤系地层;据三环萜烷/五环三萜烷和重排甾烷/规则甾烷反映出的运移效应推断,卡因迪克构造带以南至西湖构造之间存在八道湾组烃源岩的生油中心,是卡6井区和西湖1井头屯河组原油的主要供烃区,该区域是今后侏罗系勘探的有利区带。     

南海礁栖海藻共附生真菌Pestalotiopsis neglecta SCSIO41 403次级代谢产物研究

研究南海礁栖腔节藻Coelarthrum sp.共附生真菌Pestalotiopsis neglecta SCSIO41403的次级代谢产物。采用中压正相柱层析色谱法和半制备高效液相色谱法, 对真菌发酵产物进行分离纯化, 制备获得6个次级代谢产物单体化合物, 使用核磁共振、质谱等波谱学方法, 结合其理化性质以及文献数据对比, 分别鉴定为: gamahorin (1)、microsporaline C (2)、7-hydroxy-5-methoxy-4,6-dimethylphthalidc (3)、demethyl nectriapyrone A (4)、4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (5)和4-hydroxyphenethyl acetate (6)。这6个化合物均为首次从该菌株发现, 其中化合物1、2、5和6是首次从海洋动植物共附生真菌中发现。抗菌活性筛选显示其中化合物3对白色念珠菌有明显抑制活性。     

基于决策树的多角度遥感影像分类

快速准确地获取土地利用/覆被信息是遥感领域研究的一个热点课题.本文用5种决策树分类器及MISR多角度数据,对塔里木河下游地区进行土地覆被分类研究.通过对不同波段和观测角数据组合形成的6个数据集进行分类比较发现:(1)无论使用哪种分类器,相比于天底角观测方式,多角度观测都能获得更高的分类精度,特别是能显著提高灌木,林地和草地类型的分类精度,说明多角度观测能有效地反映地物的反射异质性信息,更好地区分地物.(2)与MLC分类法相比,决策树算法的分类精度更高,特别是随机森林和C 5.0方法最为突出,说明决策树的分类能力要优于MLC法.使用多角度数据集时,这种差别更明显,说明决策树能更有效地利用多角度信息.(3)4种决策树算法(J48,Random Forest,LMT,C 5.0)使用近红外波段的分类效果好于使用红光波段的分类效果,说明近红外波段能提供更多的地物反射异质性信息.     

南翼山富钾锂卤水储层识别方法

油井调查显示,在柴达木西部以南翼山为代表的储油构造区,广泛分布含钾、锂等有用元素的深层卤水,在古近纪?新近纪不同层位均有分布,具有极大的社会经济价值.根据构造及地层岩性特征,认为卤水储存空间为孔隙、裂隙型,由于南翼山地区含水层在声波测井曲线中响应特征并不明显,传统以声波测井为约束条件的波阻抗反演技术难以有效识别卤水储层...     

孟加拉盆地东部褶皱带差异构造变形及成因

基于野外地质调查和地震资料分析,证实了孟加拉盆地东部褶皱带发育底部和中部两套滑脱层。底部滑脱层在整个褶皱带均发育,而中部滑脱层仅发育于北段—中段的陆上和陆架区,在中段的陆坡-洋盆区及南段则不发育。中部滑脱层的发育受古陆坡富泥沉积控制。北段—中段主要发育滑脱褶皱及被断层突破的滑脱褶皱,而南段主要发育泥底辟和泥火山构造。孟加拉盆地东部褶皱带滑脱层系及构造样式的差异变形特征主要受区域挤压作用、沉积作用以及地层流体超压等方面存在着差异的共同影响。     

2015年2月21日内蒙古风雪沙尘天气特征

利用高空、地面常规观测资料和NCEP再分析资料,针对2015年2月21日内蒙古中部阴山北麓地区暴风雪转强沙尘暴天气,进行了对比分析。结果表明:该次天气过程受强冷空气影响,由高空蒙古冷涡迅速发展加强产生。地面冷锋形成降雪,锋区风力较大,形成了暴风雪,随后受副冷锋影响,风力明显增强,产生沙尘暴天气。暴风雪与沙尘暴差异表现在:(1)冷涡、冷锋是主要影响系统,但天气系统影响部位不同,暴风雪多发生在锋区及暖区中,沙尘暴多发生在锋区后部的强冷平流控制区中。(2)水汽条件差异明显,暴风雪相对湿度需要大于70%,沙尘暴相对湿度小于30%。(3)大气层结需求不同,暴风雪对不稳定层结要求不高,沙尘暴对不稳定层结和深厚的混合层有较高的要求。(4)暴风雪发生时气温骤降,沙尘暴发生时温度缓慢持续下降。     

A high accurate automated first-break picking method for seismic records from high-density acquisition in areas with a complex surface

As the application of high-density high-efficiency acquisition technology becomes more and more wide, the areas with complex surface conditions gradually become target exploration areas, and the first-break picking work of massive low signal-to-noise ratio data is a big challenge. The traditional method spends a lot of manpower and time to interactively pick first breaks, a large amount of interactive work affects the accuracy and efficiency of picking. In order to overcome the shortcoming that traditional methods have weak anti-noise to low signal-to-noise ratio primary wave, this paper proposes a high accurate automated first-break picking method for low signal-to-noise ratio primary wave from high-density acquisition in areas with a complex surface. Firstly, this method determines first-break time window using multi-azimuth spatial interpolation technology; then it uses the improved clustering algorithm to initially pick first breaks and then perform multi-angle comprehensive quality evaluation to first breaks according to the following sequence: ‘single trace → spread → single shot → multiple shots’ to identify the abnormal first breaks; finally it determines the optimal path through the constructed evaluation function and using the ant colony algorithm to correct abnormal first breaks. Multi-azimuth time window spatial interpolation technology provides the base for accurately picking first-break time; the clustering algorithm can effectively improve the picking accuracy rate of low signal-to-noise ratio primary waves; the multi-angle comprehensive quality evaluation can accurately and effectively eliminate abnormal first breaks; the ant colony algorithm can effectively improve the correction quality of low signal-to-noise ratio abnormal first breaks. By example analysis and comparing with the commonly used Akaike Information Criterion method, the automated first-break picking theory and technology studied in this paper has high picking accuracy and the ability to stably process low signal-to-noise ratio seismic data, has a significant effect on seismic records from high-density acquisition in areas with a complex surface and can meet the requirements of accuracy and efficiency for massive data near-surface modelling and statics calculation.     

Inversion of Vegetation Components Based on the Spectral Mixture Analysis Using Hyperion Data

Hyper spectral remote sensing is widely used to identify ground objects as a result of the advantages of ground radiation intensity characteristics and spectral position characteristics, in which inversion of vegetation components is the difficult point and hotspot. In this study, Huma county of Heilongjiang Province was selected as the study area, the canopy spectra of four types of typical vegetation were measured in situ firstly, including mongolian oak, cotton grass, lespedeza and white birch. Then, on the basis of analyzing the canopy spectral characteristics and their parameterization, the spectral differences of different vegetations were located, and the parameterization method of characteristics identification was determined. Finally, Hyperion data were used to calculate the canopy albedos based on the bidirectional reflectance model of vegetation canopies, and to map the vegetation components in the study area by use of linear spectral mixture model. The results showed that inversion of vegetation components in high vegetation-covered area was accurate using the canopy albedos and liner spectral mixture model, and was identical with the field sampling, which validated the feasibility of canopy albedos and liner spectral mixture model for the inversion of vegetation components.     

Impact of sea spray on upper ocean temperature during typhoon passage: simulation with a 1-D turbulent model

At the interface between the lower atmosphere and sea surface, sea spray might significantly influence air-sea heat fluxes and subsequently, modulate upper ocean temperature during a typhoon passage. The effects of sea spray were introduced into the parameterization of sea surface roughness in a 1-D turbulent model, to investigate the effects of sea spray on upper ocean temperature in the Kuroshio Extension area, for the cases of two real typhoons from 2006, Yagi and Soulik. Model output was compared with data from the Kuroshio Extension Observatory (KEO), and Reynolds and AMSRE satellite remote sensing sea surface temperatures. The results indicate drag coefficients that include the spray effect are closer to observations than those without, and that sea spray can enhance the heat fluxes (especially latent heat flux) considerably during a typhoon passage. Consequently, the model results with heat fluxes enhanced by sea spray simulate better the cooling process of the SST and upper-layer temperature profiles. Additionally, results from the simulation of the passage of typhoon Soulik (that passed KEO quickly), which included the sea spray effect, were better than for the simulated passage of typhoon Yagi (that crossed KEO slowly). These promising 1-D results could provide insight into the application of sea spray in general circulation models for typhoon studies.