新疆北部古生代大陆增生构造

古生代亚洲中部是一幅两陆夹一洋、洋中多地体的构造图案，大地构造框架与现代西南太平洋格局十分相似。中亚造山带是晚古生代复杂地体的拼贴带。新疆北部古生代存在4类成因的8个地体构造。它们以裂解陆块地层块体、海山和火山弧的形式散布在中蒙大洋中，诸地体间是一系列的小洋盆。晚古生代，这些地体开始彼此拼贴并导致强烈推覆作用。石炭纪末－二叠纪初，中蒙大洋闭合，散布其中的诸地体分别增生到塔里木大陆北缘和西伯利亚大陆南缘。北天山－准噶尔地区6条蛇绿岩带记录了诸地体间碰撞事件。     

Determination of cirrus radiative parameters from combination between active and passive remote sensing measurements during FRENCH/DIRAC 2001

In the context of the next AQUA Train satellite experiment, airborne measurements were carried out to simulate satellite measurements. They were conducted between September 25 and October 12, 2001, off the coast of southern France over the Atlantic Ocean and over the Mediterranean Sea, respectively. During the intensive Field Radiation Experiment on Natural Cirrus and High-level clouds (FRENCH/DIRAC 2001), natural ice clouds were sampled from in situ and remote sensing measurements. On October 5 and 7, 2001, cirrus cloud decks were described by a complete data set acquired by: (i) in situ microphysical instruments onboard the TBM-700 aircraft: PMS probe, and Polar Nephelometer (ii) and downward-looking radiative instruments onboard the Mystère 20 aircraft: an infrared radiometer, a lidar, a visible imager with polarisation capabilities, and a middle infrared radiometer. Moreover, classical thermodynamical measurements were carried out onboard the Mystère 20. Mean microphysical characteristics of cirrus deck are derived from interpretation of remote sensing measurements. These properties are compared with those derived from in situ microphysical measurements in order to evaluate the radiative impact of natural cirrus clouds.     

Incipient charnockites from southern India:The role of brines

Southern India and Sri-Lanka are the places where "incipient charnockites",i.e.the local transformation of amphibolite-facies gneisses into orthopyroxene-bearing,igneous looking charnockites,have been discovered in the early sixties.The fact that some incipient charnockites occur along a network of brittle fractures,together with CO_2 remnants preserved in mineral inclusions,had called for the role of fluids during charnockite alteration.The present work presents new observations on fluid inclusions and microtextures of incipient charnockites from type localities in southern India.In addition to CO_2-rich fluid inclusions in quartz and feldspar,all of the occurrences have disrupted remnants of concentrated aqueous alkali chloride solutions.CO_2 inclusions are more abundant in paragneiss(Kerala)than in orthogneiss(Karnataka/Tamil Nadu).The finding of disrupted brine inclusions in the Kabbal charnockite is a key link between closely associated massive charnockites and Closepet Granite,both of which also share the brine remnants.All of the occurrences studied here have feldspar or feldspar-quartz microvein networks along grain boundaries of recrystallized quartz,feldspar and orthopyroxene.These metasomatic veins again indicate the action of alkali-exchanging fluids(i.e.,saline solutions).Feldspar microveins,which have been found in most "massive" charnockites,along with the CO_2-rich fluid inclusions,suggest a commonality of incipient charnockite and massive charnockite,both types differing in intensity of interaction with metasomatizing pore fluids.     

Anhydrite–gypsum transition in the argillites of flooded salt workings in eastern France

This study aims at understanding the physico-chemical interactions between the saturated brine and the rocks enclosing the underground salt workings in Lorraine (eastern France). These anhydrite-rich and argillaceous rocks were characterized in terms of mineralogy, micro-texture and connected porosity. Then, the two main lithofacies, massive anhydrite and anhydrite-rich argillite, were immersed in brine during more than 1 year. During this batch experiment, the argillites were affected by macroscopic splitting, contrarily to the massive anhydrite. Micro-texture and brine chemical analyses clearly show the swelling due to the hydration of anhydrite into gypsum inside the argillites, whereas hydration occurs superficially on the massive anhydrite, due to its very low permeability. Anhydrite–gypsum transformation is promoted by the presence of dissolved strontium and potassium in saturated brine. The low activity of water in saturated brine does not allow the clay fraction to swell significantly during the experiment. Thus, the expansion resulting from the hydration of anhydrite into gypsum might be responsible of the splitting of argillite in a saturated brine environment. The superficial anhydrite hydration on massive anhydrite can be explained by the low amount of connected porosity (less than 1%).     

华南早更新世巨猿动物群的ESR/U-系年代

华南的第四纪喀斯特洞穴堆积含有丰富的哺乳动物群化石,其中以步氏巨猿（Gigantopithecus blacki）为代表的巨猿动物群化石一直备受学术界关注。为建立巨猿动物群演化的绝对年代框架,本文采用牙化石ESR/U-系结合测年法测定重庆龙骨坡、广西田东吹风洞和么会洞以及广西崇左三合大洞动物群的地质年代。牙化石ESR/U-系结合测年法是将牙化石样品的ESR分析（古剂量和年剂量）与U-系分析（U-Th同位素）相结合用来模拟牙齿各个组织在地质时期的U-吸附过程,以计算牙组织中的U对古剂量的贡献,因此ESR/U-系年代比常规ESR年代更准确。本文测定了28个大型哺乳动物牙化石的ESR/U-系年代,结果表明龙骨坡动物群的地质年代为上新世晚期至早更新世早期,可限定为2.86~1.95Ma;吹风洞和么会洞动物群的地质年代在误差范围内一致,为1.97~1.38Ma;三合大洞动物群的地质年代为早更新世晚期至中更新世之初,约910~600ka。     

科克苏-穹库什太古生代构造-岩浆作用及其对西南天山造山时代的约束

天山造山带是古生代多期碰撞增生作用的产物,其确切的造山时代是当前争议较多的热点问题.分布在西南天山的科克苏-穹库什太剖面经历了复杂的构造变形,最明显的两期变形事件分别为朝北的推覆作用和NE-SW韧性走滑作用.本剖面可分为伊犁岩浆岛弧、伊犁结晶基底、高压变质杂岩三个岩石-构造单元.野外可见黑云母花岗闪长岩侵入到绿片岩相变质岩中,岩脉切穿绿片岩中面理构造.通过锆石U-Pb LA-ICPMS测年,科克苏剖面钾长花岗岩的年龄为341±6Ma和338±8Ma,穹库什太黑云母花岗闪长岩的年龄为313±4Ma.其中,花岗闪长岩发生了黑云母定向排列,通过对黑云母进行^40 Ar/^39 Ar测年,获得坪年龄为263.4士0.6Ma,表明该花岗闪长岩受过后期热事件的干扰.地球化学分析表明,黑云母花岗闪长岩属于钙碱性系列,Nb和Ta含量低而Rb,Ba和TH含量很高,与俯冲作用有关的岛弧岩浆岩地球化学组成非常相似.结合前人对该地区高压变质岩、花岗岩和火山岩的研究成果,本文提出,西南天山俯冲-碰撞造山作用发生在晚石炭世之前,研究区后碰撞区域走滑作用标志着西南天山碰撞造山作用在二叠纪之前全部结束.