全文获取类型
收费全文 | 594篇 |
免费 | 12篇 |
国内免费 | 4篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 29篇 |
大气科学 | 46篇 |
地球物理 | 140篇 |
地质学 | 240篇 |
海洋学 | 50篇 |
天文学 | 81篇 |
自然地理 | 24篇 |
出版年
2019年 | 5篇 |
2018年 | 7篇 |
2017年 | 9篇 |
2016年 | 17篇 |
2015年 | 13篇 |
2014年 | 14篇 |
2013年 | 23篇 |
2012年 | 7篇 |
2011年 | 26篇 |
2010年 | 30篇 |
2009年 | 23篇 |
2008年 | 17篇 |
2007年 | 27篇 |
2006年 | 21篇 |
2005年 | 23篇 |
2004年 | 18篇 |
2003年 | 14篇 |
2002年 | 24篇 |
2001年 | 15篇 |
2000年 | 7篇 |
1999年 | 15篇 |
1998年 | 5篇 |
1997年 | 6篇 |
1995年 | 9篇 |
1994年 | 8篇 |
1993年 | 9篇 |
1991年 | 17篇 |
1990年 | 8篇 |
1989年 | 9篇 |
1987年 | 7篇 |
1986年 | 5篇 |
1985年 | 8篇 |
1983年 | 7篇 |
1981年 | 7篇 |
1980年 | 8篇 |
1979年 | 6篇 |
1977年 | 7篇 |
1976年 | 8篇 |
1975年 | 5篇 |
1974年 | 4篇 |
1972年 | 4篇 |
1971年 | 5篇 |
1966年 | 6篇 |
1964年 | 6篇 |
1962年 | 4篇 |
1960年 | 6篇 |
1956年 | 4篇 |
1952年 | 5篇 |
1949年 | 4篇 |
1948年 | 5篇 |
排序方式: 共有610条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
121.
122.
Friedrich Lucassen Peter Dulski Rainer Abart Gerhard Franz Dieter Rhede Rolf L. Romer 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2010,160(2):279-295
Titanite growth at the expense of rutile during retrograde hydration of eclogite into amphibolite is a common phenomenon. We investigated an amphibolite sample from the Tromsø eclogite facies terrain in Northern Norway to gain insight into the trace element distribution between rutile and titanite during incomplete resorption of the rutile by titanite. Patchy compositional zoning of Al, Ti, and F in titanite relates to the presence of a fluid with variable Ti/Al and/or F during its growth. Laser ablation ICP–MS and electron microprobe data for high field strength elements (HFSE: Nb, Zr, Ta, and Hf) of rutile resorbed by titanite indicate a pronounced enrichment of these elements in the rim of a large single rutile crystal (~8 mm) and a systematic decrease towards uniform HFSE contents in the large core. HFSE contents of smaller rutile grains (~0.5 mm) and rutile inclusions (<100 μm) in the titanite overgrowth are similar or higher than in the rims of large rutile crystals. Element profiles from the rim inward demonstrate that HFSE enrichment in rutile is controlled by diffusion. HFSE ratios in diffusion-altered rutile show systematic variations compared with the uniform core composition of the large rutile. Modelling of Zr and Nb diffusion in rutile indicates that diffusion coefficients in rutile in fluid-dominated natural systems must be considerably higher than those determined experimentally at 1 bar in dry systems. Variations of HFSE contents in the newly formed titanite show no systematic spatial distribution. HFSE ratios in titanite and the rims of rutile are different, indicating different solid/fluid distribution coefficients in these minerals. Element fractionation by diffusion into the relict rutile and during fluid-mediated growth of new titanite could substantially change the HFSE budget of these minerals and could affect their use for geochemical tracing and other applications, such as Zr-based geothermobarometry. 相似文献
123.
Friedrich Lucassen Gerhard Franz Rolf L. Romer Frank Schultz Peter Dulski Klaus Wemmer 《Lithos》2007,99(3-4):312-338
Sr–Nd–Pb isotope ratios of alkaline mafic intra-plate magmatism constrain the isotopic compositions of the lithospheric mantle along what is now the eastern foreland or back arc of the Cenozoic Central Andes (17–34°S). Most small-volume basanite volcanic rocks and alkaline intrusive rocks of Cretaceous (and rare Miocene) age were derived from a depleted lithospheric mantle source with rather uniform initial 143Nd/144Nd ( 0.5127–0.5128) and 87Sr/86Sr ( 0.7032–0.7040). The initial 206Pb/204Pb ratios are variable (18.5–19.7) at uniform 207Pb/204Pb ratios (15.60 ± 0.05). A variety of the Cretaceous depleted mantle source of the magmatic rocks shows elevated Sr isotope ratios up to 0.707 at constant high Nd isotope ratios. The variable Sr and Pb isotope ratios are probably due to radiogenic growth in a metasomatized lithospheric mantle, which represents the former sub-arc mantle beneath the early Palaeozoic active continental margin. Sr–Nd–Pb isotope signatures of a second mantle type reflected in the composition of Cretaceous (one late Palaeozoic age) intra-plate magmatic rocks (143Nd/144Nd 0.5123, 87Sr/86Sr 0.704, 206Pb/204Pb 17.5–18.5, and 207Pb/204Pb 15.45–15.50) are similar to the isotopic composition of old sub-continental lithospheric mantle of the Brazilian Shield.
Published Nd and Sr isotopic compositions of Mesozoic to Cenozoic arc-related magmatic rocks (18–40°S) represent the composition of the convective sub-arc mantle in the Central Andes and are similar to those of the Cretaceous (and rare Miocene) intra-plate magmatic rocks. The dominant convective and lithospheric mantle type beneath this old continental margin is depleted mantle, which is compositionally different from average MORB-type depleted mantle. The old sub-continental lithospheric mantle did not contribute to Mesozoic to Cenozoic arc magmatism. 相似文献
124.
The LMDZ4 general circulation model: climate performance and sensitivity to parametrized physics with emphasis on tropical convection 总被引:3,自引:11,他引:3
Frédéric Hourdin Ionela Musat Sandrine Bony Pascale Braconnot Francis Codron Jean-Louis Dufresne Laurent Fairhead Marie-Angèle Filiberti Pierre Friedlingstein Jean-Yves Grandpeix Gerhard Krinner Phu LeVan Zhao-Xin Li François Lott 《Climate Dynamics》2006,27(7-8):787-813
The LMDZ4 general circulation model is the atmospheric component of the IPSL–CM4 coupled model which has been used to perform climate change simulations for the 4th IPCC assessment report. The main aspects of the model climatology (forced by observed sea surface temperature) are documented here, as well as the major improvements with respect to the previous versions, which mainly come form the parametrization of tropical convection. A methodology is proposed to help analyse the sensitivity of the tropical Hadley–Walker circulation to the parametrization of cumulus convection and clouds. The tropical circulation is characterized using scalar potentials associated with the horizontal wind and horizontal transport of geopotential (the Laplacian of which is proportional to the total vertical momentum in the atmospheric column). The effect of parametrized physics is analysed in a regime sorted framework using the vertical velocity at 500 hPa as a proxy for large scale vertical motion. Compared to Tiedtke’s convection scheme, used in previous versions, the Emanuel’s scheme improves the representation of the Hadley–Walker circulation, with a relatively stronger and deeper large scale vertical ascent over tropical continents, and suppresses the marked patterns of concentrated rainfall over oceans. Thanks to the regime sorted analyses, these differences are attributed to intrinsic differences in the vertical distribution of convective heating, and to the lack of self-inhibition by precipitating downdraughts in Tiedtke’s parametrization. Both the convection and cloud schemes are shown to control the relative importance of large scale convection over land and ocean, an important point for the behaviour of the coupled model. 相似文献
125.
Electrical conductivity of the earth's crust and upper mantle 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Gerhard Schwarz 《Surveys in Geophysics》1990,11(2-3):133-161
This review summarizes recent results of electrical resistivity studies of the earth's crust and upper mantle. Where available, the data are discussed in the context of further regional geophysical information. Electrical resistivity is very sensitive to a wide range of petrological and physical parameters, e.g., to carbon, fluids, volatiles and enhanced temperatures, making electrical resistivity methods a powerful tool in crust and upper mantle investigations. Yet, the general increase in resistivity data of the crust and mantle has not ended the battle of explanations for anomalous crustal conductivities. 相似文献
126.
127.
Fluid variability in 2 GPa eclogites as an indicator of fluid behavior during subduction 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Jane Selverstone Gerhard Franz Sabine Thomas Stephen Getty 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1992,112(2-3):341-357
Fluid activity ratios calculated between millimeter- to centimeter-scale layers in banded mafic eclogites from the Tauern Window, Austria, indicate that variations in a
H
2
O existed between layers during equilibration at P approximately equal to 2GPa and T approximately equal to 625°C, whereas a
CO
2 was nearly constant between the same layers. Model calculations in the system H2O–CO2–NaCl show that these results are consistent with the existence of different saturated saline brines, carbonic fluids, or immiscible pairs of both in different layers. The data cannot be explained by the exisience of water-rich fluids in all layers. The model fluid compositions agree with fluid inclusion compositions from eclogite-stage veins and segregations that contain (1) saline brines (up to 39 equivalent wt. % NaCl) with up to six silicate, oxide, and carbonate daughter phases, and (2) carbonic fluids. The formation of crystalline segregations from fluid-filled pockets or hydrofractures indicates high fluid pressures at 2 GPa; the record of fluid variability in the banded eclogite host rocks, however, implies that fluid transport was limited to local flow along individual layers and that there was no large-scale mixing of fluids during devolatilization at depths of 60–70 km. The lack of evidence for fluid mixing may, in part, reflect variations in wetting behavior of fluids of different composition; nonwetting fluids (water-rich or carbonic) would be confined to intergranular pore spaces and would be essentially immobile, whereas wetting fluids (saline brines) could migrate more easily along an interconnected fluid network. The heterogeneous distribution of chemically distinct fluids may influence chemical transport processes during subduction by affecting mineral-fluid element partitioning and by altering the migration properties of the fluid phase(s) in the downgoing slab. 相似文献
128.
Low-temperature opal-CT precipitation in Antarctic deep-sea sediments: evidence from oxygen isotopes
Porcellanite has been found in Antarctic deep-sea sediments of shallow burial depth at four different sites in host sediments younger than 4 Ma. Oxygen isotope analysis shows that the opal-CT samples are extremely rich in18O (δ18O= 41.2to44.7‰ rel. SMOW). According to the quartz/water fractionation the calculated isotopic opal-CT formation temperature is in the range of 0 to 4°C. This agrees well with sediment temperature measurements. The low opal-CT precipitation temperature contrasts with current ideas about later diagenetic formation of opal-CT at higher temperatures of 18 to 56°C. 相似文献
129.
130.
Dr. Gerhard Koslowski 《Ocean Dynamics》1990,43(2):89-90
Ohne Zusammenfassung 相似文献