连云港市暴雨天气形势分析

用连云港市7个气象观测站的常规观测资料,对1971-2008年的38 a中29次区域性暴雨天气过程进行数理统计,对连云港市的暴雨天气变化趋势进行探讨,连云港市暴雨天气主要发生在6-9月,7-8月次数最多,占总数79％,雨量极值出现在西连岛站,暴雨日数及雨量极值趋于增大且趋势比较明显.同时,对全市区域性暴雨天气的高空影响系统进行了分类,划分为4种类型:台风减弱型、低压型、横槽类型、低槽类型,各类型几乎各占总暴雨数的1/4.     

Hydrocarbon Potential of Pre-cenozoic Strata in the North Yellow Sea Basin

The North Yellow Sea Basin ( NYSB ), which was developed on the basement of North China (Huabei) continental block, is a typical continental Mesozoic Cenozoic sedimentary basin in the sea area. Its Mesozoic basin is a residual basin, below which there is probably a larger Paleozoic sedimentary basin. The North Yellow Sea Basin comprises four sags and three uplifts. Of them, the eastern sag is a Mesozoic Cenozoic sedimentary sag in NYSB and has the biggest sediment thickness; the current Korean drilling wells are concentrated in the eastern sag. This sag is comparatively rich in oil and gas resources and thus has a relatively good petroleum prospect in the sea. The central sag has also accommodated thick Mesozoic-Cenozoic sediments. The latest research results show that there are three series of hydrocarbon source rocks in the North Yellow Sea Basin, namely, black shales of the Paleogene, Jurassic and Cretaceous. The principal hydrocarbon source rocks in NYSB are the Mesozoic black shale. According to the drilling data of Korea, the black shales of the Paleogene, Jurassic and Cretaceous have all come up to the standards of good and mature source rocks. The NYSB owns an intact system of oil generation, reservoir and capping rocks that can help hydrocarbon to form in the basin and thus it has the great potential of oil and gas. The vertical distribution of the hydrocarbon resources is mainly considered to be in the Cretaceous and then in the Jurassic.     

东北地区晚古生代构造演化及其石油地质意义

中国东北地区在古生代期间有3次重要的构造-岩浆事件,峰期年龄分别约为500Ma、320Ma和250Ma。500Ma的花岗质岩石与同期形成的高级区域变质岩伴生,东北各构造单元内均有记录,反映该区在加里东期经历了一次重要的造山事件;320Ma的花岗岩主要发育在大兴安岭地区,呈北东向展布,具有由俯冲到碰撞后成因的地球化学特点,是松嫩地块和额尔古纳-兴安地块碰撞拼合,形成统一佳蒙地块的重要事件;250Ma的花岗岩主要发育在东北南部和吉黑东部地区,是华北板块与佳蒙地块碰撞后伸展作用的产物。佳蒙地块形成后,主体隆升为陆,南部处于与古亚洲洋相连的大陆边缘。晚石炭世晚期—早二叠世,佳蒙地块处于伸展构造背景,发育了一系列北东向展布,被火山岩和正常沉积岩充填的断陷盆地,沉积环境具有北陆南海的格局。中二叠世,断陷盆地演化为巨大的海相沉积盆地。晚二叠世—早三叠世,华北板块与佳蒙地块发生陆-陆碰撞,残余洋盆消失,形成陆相沉积盆地。中二叠世海相盆地和晚二叠世陆相盆地内碳酸盐岩和暗色泥岩发育,具有良好的油气资源勘探前景。     

花岗岩类岩石成因的磷灰石微区地球化学和同位素示踪

花岗岩类岩石是大陆地壳最重要的组成部分,通常伴生金属矿产,其成因研究可用来探索大陆地壳的形成、演化及动力学机制,并指导矿产资源的勘探。花岗岩类岩石是由岩浆经过结晶分异、地壳混染和岩浆混合等复杂演化过程形成的,且其母岩浆通常来源于不同的岩浆源区。如何准确示踪岩浆源区性质和精细刻画岩浆演化、岩石成岩过程是花岗岩成因研究的关键。磷灰石作为花岗岩类岩石中常见的副矿物,其结晶历史时间长——贯穿整个岩浆演化阶段,且富含F、Cl等挥发分和Sr、REE等微量元素,其化学特征和同位素组成在示踪花岗岩岩浆源区和成岩过程方面有独特的优势。随着微区分析技术的发展,磷灰石的微区地球化学成分记录了寄主岩浆的成分及其变化过程,可从微观角度揭示花岗岩的成因。本文结合前人研究成果及作者近年来的相关工作,系统综述磷灰石微区地球化学研究的进展,探讨如何在岩相学观察的基础上利用磷灰石的结晶过程、微区成分环带和微区同位素组成示踪岩浆源区、岩浆演化和成岩过程,以期为探索花岗岩精细成岩过程提供有效示踪方法。

     

Paleostress Reconstruction of Micangshan Anticlinorium on the Southern Margin of the Qinling Orogenic Belts, China

Brittle structures in rock of different ages can be used to establish the tectonic evolution of an orogenic belt through paleostress calculations. Micangshan is located at the southern margin of the Qinling orogenic belt,between the SE-trending Longmenshan fold-and-thrust belt and the arcuate Dabashan thrust-and-fold belt. Structural observations revealed that the dominant structures are reverse and strike-slip faults and folds with E–W and NE–SE trends. To increase knowledge of the tectonic evolution of the Micangshan anticlinorium,faults,joints,veins,and folds were measured at more than eighty sites. On the basis of structural analysis,it emerged that the multiphase paleostress fields became established after the oblique collision between the North and South China plates. The earliest stress field with N–S compression was established during the Micangshan uplift associated with the E–W trending faults and folds. Subsequently,a N–S extension occurred when the Qinling orogenic belt collapsed. Then NW–SE compression developed,with NE trending faults and folds forming in relation to Longmenshan thrusting toward southwest on the eastern margin of the Tibetan plateau. With the development of the arcuate Dabashan orogenic belt,the compression stress orientation of the Micangshan anticlinorium altered from NE–SW to E–W.     

What Drives the Decadal Variability of Global Tropical Storm Days from 1965 to 2019?

The tropical storm day(TSD)is a combined measure of genesis and lifespan.It reflects tropical cyclone(TC)overall activity,yet its variability has rarely been studied,especially globally.Here we show that the global total TSDs exhibit pronounced interannual(3-6 years)and decadal(10 years)variations over the past five-to-six decades without a significant trend.The leading modes of the interannual and decadal variability of global TSD feature similar patterns in the western Pacific and Atlantic,but different patterns in the Eastern Pacific and the Southern Indian Ocean.The interannual and decadal leading modes are primarily linked to El Ni?o-Southern Oscillation(ENSO)and Pacific Decadal Oscillation(PDO),respectively.The TSDs-ENSO relationship has been steady during the entire 55-year period,but the TSDs-PDO relationship has experienced a breakdown in the 1980 s.We find that the decadal variation of TSD in the Pacific is associated with the PDO sea surface temperature(SST)anomalies in the tropical eastern Pacific(PDO-E),while that in the Atlantic and the Indian Ocean is associated with the PDO SST anomalies in the western Pacific(PDO-W).However,the PDO-E and PDO-W SST anomalies are poorly coupled in the 1980 s,and this"destructive PDO"pattern results in a breakdown of the TSDs-PDO relationship.The results here have an important implication for seasonal to decadal predictions of global TSD.     

台湾海峡M2分潮潮汐潮流特征分布及机制研

台湾海峡同时拥有居我国第二位的大潮区和除无潮点外的小潮区,M₂分潮作为主要分量,其潮汐结构的形成机制尚存争议。本研究基于MIKE 21水动力模型,建立了台湾海峡及其周边海域潮汐潮流的数值模型,数值模拟结果与20个验潮站以及4个ADCP（Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler）观测站数据吻合程度良好。根据数值模拟结果分别给出M₂分潮在台湾海峡的同潮图、潮流椭圆和潮能通量分布,同时分别针对地形和南边界条件进行敏感性实验。研究结果表明M₂分潮受东海传入的潮波控制,潮波受台湾岛以南陡峭地形影响发生反射,由于反射波的迟角与吕宋海峡传入潮波的相近,二者叠加后向北传入台湾海峡,在与南下潮波迟角相同处,出现最大振幅,即在台湾海峡西岸形成强潮区。研究还表明,吕宋海峡传入潮波在台湾岛南缘迟角与南下潮波的相反是出现波节带结构的主要原因,其对台湾海峡西岸振幅增益也起到促进作用。     

叠层橡胶垫基础隔震建筑结构设计方法与应用

简要概括了国内外叠层橡胶垫基础隔震技术的应用发展状况,介绍了隔震结构的各种反应分析模型,对隔震结构设计分析方法进行了讨论,提出了有益的建议,并指出了在《建筑抗震设计规范》（GB50011-2001）关于隔震结构的简化计算方法中存在的诸多不足。结合我国的隔震技术应用现状,引入了两阶段设计法的概念。此方法将有利于提高设计质量,减少设计周期。     

东昆仑阿克楚克塞地区辉长岩地球化学特征、锆石U-Pb年龄及其构造意义

东昆仑地区基性-超基性岩石的研究较薄弱,缺乏对东昆仑幔源岩浆活动及岩浆演化的整体认识。对阿克楚克塞辉长岩进行了地球化学、锆石U-Pb年代学及Hf同位素研究,结果显示,该岩石形成于晚三叠世早期(219.3±1.1Ma,MSWD=0.80);岩石SiO2含量为49.03%~57.26%,Mg#值为49~57,属于钙碱性系列岩石;稀土元素配分曲线为轻稀土元素富集的右倾型,富集大离子亲石元素Rb、Ba、K,相对亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta、Ti;εHf(t)=-1.81~3.25,锆石Hf模式年龄大于锆石结晶年龄。地球化学特征显示,阿克楚克塞辉长岩岩浆源区应为受俯冲板片流体交代的岩石圈地幔。结合区域构造背景分析,阿克楚克塞辉长岩形成于印支期造山后伸展的构造环境,继承了早期板片俯冲改造的地幔源区特征。     

黔东北地区MVT型铅锌矿床闪锌矿Rb-Sr定年及其地质意义

贵州东北部是中国著名的MVT型铅锌成矿带,长期以来,由于缺少精确成矿同位素年代学数据,对该区矿床成矿类型及其成矿作用的争议较大。文章对铜仁市下寒武统清虚洞组中的卜口场铅锌矿床和中寒武统敖溪组中的大硐喇汞锌矿床进行了同位素年代学研究,获得了闪锌矿的Rb-Sr等时线年龄,分别为(349.6±9.1)Ma(MSWD=0.51,n=5)和(349.2±5.2)Ma(MSWD=0.031,n=4),两个矿床闪锌矿的共同Rb-Sr等时线年龄为(348.6±1.9)Ma(MSWD=0.46,n=9),初始值(87 Sr/86 Sr)i为0.7095。Rb-Sr同位素测年结果表明,黔东北地区不同碳酸盐地层中铅锌、汞矿床的成矿时代是一致的,均为后生矿床类型,其成矿物质可能主要来源于包括震旦系碳酸盐岩在内的下伏地层。区内铅锌、汞矿床在加里东运动后期至华力西运动早期,华夏板块与扬子板块后碰撞过程中,可能与保铜玉深大断裂(中元古代末期上扬子古陆与江南古陆结合带,即最重要的控矿因素)的继续活化、扭动、撕裂紧密相关。