Long-term monitoring of the individual self-feeding behavior of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss

Self-feeding device is extensively used in aquaculture farms, but for salmonids the individual feeding behavior has seldom been continuously observed. In this article, the individual self-feeding behavior of 10 rainbow trout was continuously monitored with a PIT tag record for 50 days with three replicates. The fish fell into three categories according to their feeding behavior, i.e. high triggering fish (trigger behavior more than 25% of the group, HT), low triggering fish (1%–25%, LT) and zero triggering fish (less than 1%). The results showed that in a group of 10 individual 1–2 HT fish accounted for most of the self-feeding behavior (78.19%–89.14%), which was far more than they could consume. The trigger frequency of the fish was significantly correlated with the initial body weight (P <0.01), however, no significant difference in growth rate among the HT, LT, and ZT fish was observed (P >0.05). Cosinor analysis showed that the two HT fish in the same group had similar acrophase. Though some of the HT fish could be active for 50 d, there were also HT fish decreased triggering behavior around 40 d and the high trigger status was then replaced by other fish, which was first discovered in salimonds. Interestingly, the growth of the group was not affected by the alternation triggering fish. These results provide evidence that in the self-feeding system the HT fish didn’t gain much advantage by their frequent self-feeding behavior, and high trigger status of the HT fish is not only an individual character but also driven by the demand of the group. In the self-feeding system, the critical individual should be closely monitored.

     

PHoToNs–A parallel heterogeneous and threads oriented code for cosmological N-body simulation

We introduce a new code for cosmological simulations, PHo To Ns, which incorporates features for performing massive cosmological simulations on heterogeneous high performance computer(HPC) systems and threads oriented programming. PHo To Ns adopts a hybrid scheme to compute gravitational force, with the conventional Particle-Mesh(PM) algorithm to compute the long-range force,the Tree algorithm to compute the short range force and the direct summation Particle-Particle(PP) algorithm to compute gravity from very close particles. A self-similar space filling a Peano-Hilbert curve is used to decompose the computing domain. Threads programming is advantageously used to more flexibly manage the domain communication, PM calculation and synchronization, as well as Dual Tree Traversal on the CPU+MIC platform. PHo To Ns scales well and efficiency of the PP kernel achieves68.6% of peak performance on MIC and 74.4% on CPU platforms. We also test the accuracy of the code against the much used Gadget-2 in the community and found excellent agreement.     

A Statistical Study on the Geomagnetically Induced Current Events Driven by Earth-directed Full-Halo Coronal Mass Ejections

Solar activities can cause the anomalies of electric power transmission systems, especially, for an extra-long distance transmission system. Using the data of coronal mass ejection (CME) from SOHO/LASCO (Solar and Heliospheric Observatory/Large Angle and Spectrometric Coronagraph), and the data of the geomagnetically induced current (GIC) and geomagnetic storm from the North China Electric Power University and Finnish Meteorological Institute, respectively, we analyze some important observational features and physical properties of the earth-directed halo CMEs associated with the GIC events. After classifying the observed halo CMEs according to their symmetry, it is found that the halo CMEs associated with GIC events are mainly the 3 types: completely symmetric, brightness-asymmetric, and outline-asymmetric. The geomagnetically induced current events driven by the three different types of halo CMEs have different characteristics in the intensity, duration, and period. We ?nd that the brightness-asymmetric halo CMEs are most likely to cause the major damage to the transmission systems. And that the geomagnetically induced current has also a good correlation with the time variation of geomagnetic ?eld.     

环境同位素法在西北地区地下水资源评价中的应用

应用环境同位素方法测定了不同类型地下水的年龄，识别了西北干旱、半干旱地区地下水的补给源，进行了补给量的计算，建立了地下水流系统，并取得了新的成果。     

灞源韧性剪切带特征及其地质意义

本文对灞源地区不同时代的韧性剪切带的运动学、动力学特征进行了研究。笔者认为,前人所称的部分太华群(Arth_3b)是太古宙末期太华群韧性变形的产物;张家坪花岗岩以左旋螺旋式上升侵位;燕山期,多期活动韧性剪切带是本区金矿形成富集的主要原因之一。     

利用烈度数据点估算中强历史地震震级与震中的方法研究

本文基于地震烈度数据点,用椭圆参数方程对烈度点空间分布进行最小二乘拟合,得到各烈度区椭圆烈度估计线,然后对烈度估计线进行统计回归,得到一组适用于青、甘、川、滇4省中强地震的椭圆烈度分布模型I=f（M,R）.基于所建烈度分布模型,联立考虑中心点和方向性的椭圆数学方程,代入全部烈度数据点估算地震震级和宏观震中.本文的试算震例表明了此方法的可行性,并进行了不确定性分析.利用该方法对明清时期4次烈度点较少的中强历史地震参数进行了估算,所得结果表明了此方法对历史地震有效.     

黄沙坪矿区花岗岩岩石地球化学、U-Pb年代学及Hf同位素制约

湘南坪宝地区地处南岭中段,黄沙坪铅锌多金属矿床位于坪宝成矿带南部,304岩体是未来深部找矿的远景地区,岩石地球化学特征显示其具有A型花岗岩的特点,与区域上的千里山岩体相似。根据微量元素判别图解进一步划分为A1型,反映为非造山板内拉张背景;岩石稀土配分型式具有特征的四分组效应(tetrad effect),这是岩浆高度演化晚期熔体与流体相互作用的结果。采用LA-ICPMS方法对花斑岩中锆石进行了微区U-Pb同位素及Hf同位素测试,结果显示成岩年龄为179.9±1.3Ma(MSWD=1.9),属于燕山早期第一阶段岩浆侵入产物,成岩时代早于301岩体。Hf同位素显示地壳模式年龄为2220～2459Ma,平均为2353Ma,反映源区物质为新太古代至古元古代地壳物质。     

北祁连山东部早石炭世早期腕足动物群落的古地理意义

北祁连山东部早石炭世早期经历了一次完整的海水进退旋回。此期该区腕足动物的演化明显受控于相对海平面变化。生存环境的稳定性似乎是群落演替过程能否持久进行的基础。在影响生物群落演替的诸多因素中,底质性质及其稳定性最为重要,其次是食物供应、海水盐度和水动力强度等。各群落在时间上相互取代的主要控制因素是海水深度,与海平面的变化直接相关。而造成这一时期腕足动物群落横向变化的主要因素除了海水深度外,陆源碎屑供应量、海水循环性以及含盐度都具有十分重要的影响。本区早石炭世早期腕足动物群落的生态位介于BA1和BA2之间,缺乏BA3－BA5较深水群落（BA－Benthic Assemblage,底栖组合）,说明此期该区早石炭世早期海水深度一般不超过10米。受沉积古地理环境的制约,本区早石炭世早期BA2生态域的主要分布范围局限于东部的景泰一带,向西水体明显变浅。     

首都圈地区现今断层活动的数学模拟及地震危险性讨论

以首都圈地区现今活动断层上近２０年的位移测量资料为依据，用二维线弹性有限元对该区断层的活动特征进行了拟合，并结合有关资料讨论了该区的地震危险性。结果表明：１９７７－１９８６年间该区主压应力优势方位与华北较一致，约为Ｎ４５°－８０°Ｅ；１９８６－１９９０年其主压应力方向向北偏转，约为Ｎ５°－６０°Ｅ；１９９０年至现在其主压应力又向东偏转，角度大于第一阶段，约为Ｎ８０°－９５°Ｅ。该区的张家口－延庆一带近期有发生中强震的可能；丰镇－阳高－大同地区和凉城－古营盘地区应力较高，也应引起注意。     

深源远震波形反演介质层状结构

在远场正演计算的基础上，运用３０°～９０°的四个不同深源远震记录波形，通过试错法选取台站下方的结构，借助波场反向重建算法，反演确定宜昌台站下方的速度结构。这一算法的实现有助于提高用试错法所得结果的可靠性和精确度，对于利用天然地震资料研究地球深部构造有一定的实用价值。