山东省电气石矿地质特征及勘查方法探讨

论述了山东省电气石矿分布及赋存特征,矿体的产状、规模、厚度及其质量变化;研究了矿石类型、加工技术性能及开采技术条件;论述了目前该矿产勘查现状,结合矿床实例,对该类矿产的勘查方法进行了探讨。     

直脉蝎蛉科(昆虫纲长翅目) 3个异物同名和 1个种的修正

1996 年,张海春发表《新疆准噶尔盆地中生代直脉科(昆虫纲)昆虫化石》一文[古生物学报,35(4)：442-494],共有5个新种和5个老种,其中1个老种定为Mesopanorpa obscura(Martynov, 1927),包含3 个标本：① NIGP126378(92-T-22/K1),② NIGP126377(58SK15/K3),③ NIGP126376(92-T-22/K3)。另1个标本NIGP126379(93-HE-2K1,2)定为Protorthophlebia latipennis Tillyard, 1933。笔者在研究长翅目化石的过程中,发现张的4个标本系异物同名,前3 个标本即：① NIGP126378号标本勉强修订为1个近似种P. (Protorthophlebia) aff. obscura (Martynov,1925) Martynov,1927;② NIGP126377号标本修订为新名种Protorthophlebia(Protorthophlebia) badouwanica nom. nov.;③ NIGP126376号标本, 由于这个标本脉序结构与副蝎蛉科 Parachoristidae Tillyard, 1937的脉序特征相同,已被修订为另一个属、种Junggarochorista tuzigouensis Hong, 2009[13],已转移归入该科。④另1个标本NIGP126379号标本被修订为新名种 P.(Protorthophlebia) karamayiensis nom. nov.。上述被修订后的新名属、种在本文中作了必要的重新描述。修订的标本,都根据张海春论文中原标本照片显示的脉纹特征和文字描述。所修订学名的原标本均按原文的记录保存在中国科学院南京地质古生物研究所。     

东昆仑阿牙克库木湖北巴什尔希花岗岩锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年及其地质意义

巴什尔希岩体分布在东昆仑西段白干湖断裂和阿尔金断裂之间,岩性主要为二长花岗岩和钾长花岗岩,其中二长花岗岩与白干湖钨、锡多金属矿床关系密切。对锆石内部结构、阴极发光图像特征和Th/U比值的研究表明,二长花岗岩中的锆石为岩浆锆石。锆石LA-ICP-MSU-Pb同位素分析结果显示,二长花岗岩形成年龄为(458.0±9.0)Ma。结合前人对巴什尔希钾长花岗岩的锆石U-Pb定年(432.3±0.8)Ma,初步认为该岩体为晚奥陶世—早志留世侵入体。元素地球化学特征显示,巴什尔希花岗岩为弱准铝质或弱过铝质A型花岗岩,是东昆仑地区加里东期局部弧后盆地拉张过程中,地幔底侵导致地壳物质熔融的产物。     

西藏墨竹工卡地区甲玛矽卡岩型铜多金属矿体的变化性

以甲玛矽卡岩型矿体为研究对象,通过对矿体主要区域化变量矿石品位半变异函数的分析,建立了相应的半变异函数的球状模型,从而求得矿体主要变化方向上的滞后距、块金值、变程等参数。根据这些参数,求得矽卡岩型矿体的铜钼矿体主元素Cu、Mo品位在各方向上的变化性质系数为0.45,表明铜钼矿体中主元素品位在走向、倾向和垂向上都具有明显的坐标性变化;而铅锌矿体中Pb在各方向上的变化性质系数为0.58,Zn变化性质系数为0.5,显示铅锌矿体中主元素品位在走向、倾向和垂向上均具有一定的随机性变化。Cu、Mo、Pb、Zn品位变化程度系数在走向、倾向方向均大于0.9,表明矿体内的矿石品位变化程度是极复杂的。Cu、Mo在垂向上的变化程度系数值均在0.6~0.8之间,变化程度中等;Pb、Zn垂向上的变化程度系数值介于0.3~0.6之间,变化程度较简单。据此认为,控制矿体变化的因素主要是由斑岩-矽卡岩型矿床的成因所决定的,矿体形成时存在多阶段的矿化叠加,使有用矿物、成矿元素具有明显的分带性。     

Re-Os geochronology of Cu and W-Mo deposits in the Balkhash metallogenic belt,Kazakhstan and its geological significance

<正>The Central Asian metallogenic domain(CAMD) is a multi-core metallogenic system controlled by boundary strike-slip fault systems.The Balkhash metallogenic belt in Kazakhstan,in which occur many large and super-large porphyritic Cu—Mo deposits and some quartz vein- and greisen-type W—Mo deposits,is a well-known porphyritic Cu—Mo metallogenic belt in the CAMD.In this paper 11 molybdenite samples from the western segment of the Balkhash metallogenic belt are selected for Re—Os compositional analyses and Re—Os isotopic dating.Molybdenites from the Borly porphyry Cu deposit and the three quartz vein-greisen W—Mo deposits—East Kounrad.Akshatau and Zhanet—all have relatively high Re contents(2712—2772μg/g for Borly and 2.267—31.50μg/g for the other three W—Mo deposits),and lower common Os contents(0.670—2.696 ng/g for Borly and 0.0051—0.056 ng/g for the other three).The molybdenites from the Borly porphyry Cu—Mo deposit and the East Kounrad,Zhanet,and Akshatau quartz vein- and greisen-type W—Mo deposits give average model Re—Os ages of 315.9 Ma,298.0 Ma,295.0 Ma,and 289.3 Ma respectively.Meanwhile,molybdenites from the East Kounrad,Zhanet,and Akshatau W—Mo deposits give a Re—Os isochron age of 297.9 Ma,with an MSWD value of 0.97.Re-Os dating of the molybdenites indicates that Cu—W—Mo metallogenesis in the western Balkhash metallogenic belt occurred during Late Carboniferous to Early Permian(315.9—289.3 Ma),while the porphyry Cu—Mo deposits formed at—316 Ma,and the quartz vein-greisen W—Mo deposits formed at ~298 Ma.The Re—Os model and isochron ages thus suggest that Late Carboniferous porphyry granitoid and pegmatite magmatism took place during the late Hercynian movement.Compared to the Junggar-East Tianshan porphyry Cu metallogenic belt in northwestern China,the formation of the Cu—Mo metallogenesis in the Balkhash metallogenic belt occurred between that of the Tuwu-Yandong in East Tianshan and the Baogutu porphyry Cu deposits in West Junggar. Collectively,the large-scale Late Carboniferous porphyry Cu—Mo metallogenesis in the Central Asian metallogenic domain is related to Hercynian tectono-magmatic activities.     

Distribution characteristics of delta reservoirs reshaped by bottom currents: A case study from the second member of the Yinggehai Formation in the DF1-1 gas field,Yinggehai Basin,South China Sea

The Dongfang1-1 gas field (DF1-1) in the Yinggehai Basin is currently the largest offshore self-developed gas field in China and is rich in oil and gas resources. The second member of the Pliocene Yinggehai Formation (YGHF) is the main gas-producing formation and is composed of various sedimentary types; however, a clear understanding of the sedimentary types and development patterns is lacking. Here, typical lithofacies, logging facies and seismic facies types and characteristics of the YGHF are identified based on high-precision 3D seismic data combined with drilling, logging, analysis and testing data. Based on 3D seismic interpretation and attribute analysis, the origin of high-amplitude reflections is clarified, and the main types and evolution characteristics of sedimentary facies are identified. Taking gas formation upper II (IIU) as an example, the plane distribution of the delta front and bottom current channel is determined; finally, a comprehensive sedimentary model of the YGHF second member is established. This second member is a shallowly buried “bright spot” gas reservoir with weak compaction. The velocity of sandstone is slightly lower than that of mudstone, and the reflection has medium amplitude when there is no gas. The velocity of sandstone decreases considerably after gas accumulation, resulting in an increase in the wave impedance difference and high-amplitude (bright spot) reflection between sandstone and mudstone; the range of high amplitudes is consistent with that of gas-bearing traps. The distribution of gas reservoirs is obviously controlled by dome-shaped diapir structural traps, and diapir faults are channels through which natural gas from underlying Miocene source rocks can enter traps. The study area is a delta front deposit developed on a shallow sea shelf. The lithologies of the reservoir are mainly composed of very fine sand and coarse silt, and a variety of sedimentary structural types reflect a shallow sea delta environment; upward thickening funnel type, strong toothed bell type and toothed funnel type logging facies are developed. In total, 4 stages of delta front sand bodies (corresponding to progradational reflection seismic facies) derived from the Red River and Blue River in Vietnam have developed in the second member of the YGHF; these sand bodies are dated to 1.5 Ma and correspond to four gas formations. During sedimentation, many bottom current channels (corresponding to channel fill seismic facies) formed, which interacted with the superposed progradational reflections. When the provenance supply was strong in the northwest, the area was dominated by a large set of delta front deposits. In the period of relative sea level rise, surface bottom currents parallel to the coastline were dominant, and undercutting erosion was obvious, forming multistage superimposed erosion troughs. Three large bottom current channels that developed in the late sedimentary period of gas formation IIU are the most typical.     

虎斑乌贼(Sepia pharaonis)FMRFamide G蛋白偶联受体基因的克隆与表达定位研究

以FMRFamide为典型代表的FMRFamide相关肽,是目前已知的最大的神经肽家族。FMRFamide广泛参与多种生理过程,包括摄食、心跳、渗透平衡、变态、防御和免疫等。采用同源克隆法与RACE技术获得了虎斑乌贼FMRFamide的G蛋白偶联受体基因cDNA全长序列(命名为SpFaGPCR,OL765295),SpFaGPCR cDNA全长1514bp,包括222bp的5''-非编码区(5''-UTR)、35 bp的3''-UTR以及1257bp的开放阅读框(ORF),共编码418个氨基酸。预测相对分子量(MW)为49.8kDa,等电点(pI)为9.76,具有7个跨膜结构域、糖基化位点7个、磷酸化位点36个。同源序列比对分析表明,SpFaGPCR与曼氏无针乌贼的FaGPCR氨基酸序列相似度最高达98%。系统发育分析显示SpFaGPCR与双壳纲的FaGPCR聚为姐妹支。荧光定量结果显示SpFaGPCR在视叶、视腺、脑、缠卵腺中表达量相对较高(P<0.05)。进一步利用原位杂交技术检测到虎斑乌贼视叶的髓质区、视网膜的感光细胞和缠卵腺的瓣叶外层具有明显的阳性杂交信号。实验结果为进一步探讨FMRFamide通过FaGPCR的介导参与虎斑乌贼生理代谢功能奠定了前期基础。     

海洋教育：教育思想与实践的嬗变

当今世界,国与国之间海洋实力的竞争,已经从最初对海洋资源的竞争变成海洋人才竞争,而海洋教育则是海洋人才的摇篮,逐渐成为教育体系中不容忽视的重要实践。从少数人海洋教育意识的觉醒,再到如今面向普罗大众的社会海洋教育,由海洋教育衍生的知行、创新、问题思维教育模式,成为推动教育思想与教育实践嬗变的活力因素。文章梳理海洋教育思想及教育实践发展的特点,围绕发展过程中存在的优势与不足,提出海洋教育发展的新路径,使海洋教育更好地服务建设“海洋强国”等国家战略。     

利用H/V方法研究琼北火山区的浅表层地质变化特征

海南琼北活火山作为华南沿海重要的第四纪火山, 一直受到国内外学者的广泛关注, 目前对该火山的形成演化已开展了大量深部地质结构的研究, 但对其表层地质结构特征仍然缺乏详细了解。水平-垂直频谱比法(简称H/V方法)已被广泛应用于浅表层地质结构的研究, 本文基于35个便携式微功耗地震仪组成的流动台阵观测数据, 采用经典全波场H/V_(full)和瑞利波椭圆率H/V_(Ray)分析方法, 获得了琼北火山区H/V曲线峰值频率(F₀)和放大倍数(A₀)的空间变化特征。琼北火山区H/V曲线峰值频率变化强烈, 以长流-仙沟断裂为界, 断裂西南侧很难从H/V曲线中获取清晰的F₀和A₀, 而断裂东北侧则存在明显的F₀和A₀。结合已有地质资料, 本文认为长流-仙沟断裂西南侧处于凹陷区, 其浅表层火山岩未发生明显的风化作用, 而东北侧位于隆起区域, 地表火山岩受到了比较严重的风化作用。这一研究结果表明, H/V方法可反映表层火山岩的风化状态, 火山岩出露场地H/V曲线的峰值频率和放大倍数随风化作用程度的增强而表现得更加明显。本研究为琼北火山区浅表火山岩风化状态和地震危险性评估提供了重要的信息支撑。     

基于半数值方法的限弯器剪弯刚度分析

柔性管缆限弯器存在接触非线性导致剪弯刚度分析困难。为此先基于悬臂梁方程建立剪弯刚度理论模型;然后构建考虑接触边界的锁合结构数值模型,得到其扭转刚度曲线;最后结合理论分析和数值计算求得考虑接触非线性的限弯器剪弯刚度曲线,并同传统的整体数值方法相比较,验证该半数值分析方法的有效性。对比发现基于半数值方法的限弯器剪弯计算效率远高于传统数值方法,其结果误差也满足工程需求;并且限弯器锁合结构处受接触边界影响有明显的非线性;限弯器子梁这一短梁结构基于Timoshenko梁理论计算的结果精度更高也更保守。相较于传统数值方法,该半数值方法用方程直接表达部分参数与剪弯刚度关系,并可以高效地分析限弯器剪弯刚度,使设计工作更加高效。