基于谱烈度改进算法的研究与应用

本文基于Housner谱烈度公式中存在的不足和问题提出了一种改进算法,首先将相对速度反应谱积分公式上下限范围扩大为0.1～10.1 s,通过统计分析集集地震、汶川地震和芦山地震反应谱积分值和宏观烈度之间的关系,给出8组分档线性公式来计算改进谱烈度值I_s,并采用普通克里金插值法绘制谱烈度分布图。本文提出的改进算法在地震动加速度时程积分与谱烈度之间建立起一组长周期、连续性和精细化的函数关系,经鲁甸地震对比验证,该改进算法得出的谱烈度分布图与宏观烈度图整体变化趋势一致,谱烈度值与宏观烈度吻合率(偏差±1度以内)约为90%,具有一定的科学性和准确性,可为灾后应急救援以及决策部署等提供科学的数据支撑。     

柴达木北缘中生代盆地的成因类型及构造沉积演化

柴达木盆地是我国西部一个大型中新生代陆相含油气盆地。其剖面结构、构造样式、沉积特征、基底沉降、古地温等表明中生代盆地的性质应为挤压环境下经过多次幕式逆冲形成的、也祁连造山带有关的叠置前陆盆地，经历了早株罗世的破裂前陆盆地和中株罗世之后的类前陆盆地的演化过程。柴达缘中生代沉积充填由构造层序I（早株罗世）、构造层序Ⅱ（中侏罗世）和构造层序Ⅲ（晚侏罗世）三个完整的构造层序构成，由粗到细多个沉积旋回代表了逆冲加载过程中由活动期到平静期的转化过程。随着逆冲活动的加强和频率加快，构造层序Ⅳ（白垩纪）只经历逆冲活动期，是不完整的构造层序，发育补偿和过补偿沉积，盆地逐渐萎缩。     

辽宁北票中侏罗世海房沟组水生生物群落

辽宁北票盆地中侏罗世海房沟组含丰富的生物化石，其中的水生昆虫、水生植物、叶肢介、水生软体动物和鱼类共同构成一个复杂的水生生物群落。根据其营养水平划分为生产者、消费者和分解者。这些生物通过捕食关系构成一个复杂的食物链     

海拉尔盆地群下白垩统层序格架内聚煤特征与成煤模式

对内蒙古海拉尔盆地早白垩世含煤岩系的沉积充填序列、层序地层及聚煤规律进行研究,将扎赉诺尔群划分为6个3级层序及相应的体系域,6个层序分别对应于铜钵庙组、南屯组一段、南屯组二段、大磨拐河组一段、大磨拐河组二段和伊敏组,煤层主要发育在层序Ⅲ、Ⅵ的湖侵体系域;且煤层在层序格架内部,从辫状河冲积平原–上三角洲平原–下三角洲平原–湖泊环境,呈现有规律的变化。通过对层序Ⅲ、Ⅵ中各主采煤层的底部砂体厚度、煤层厚度及成煤期的古地理环境详细分析,概括出层序Ⅲ的主要成煤环境为湖泊周缘扇（辫状河）三角洲平原和湖滨带;层序Ⅳ主要聚煤环境为扇前、扇间浅水湖盆和浅水湖泊大面积淤积而成的泥炭沼泽。     

中国及邻区重力特征与块体构造单元初划

以重力资料为基础,结合其分析结果和区域地质构造现象,以及前人研究成果,在总结中国海陆地质地球物理系列图编制项目组和前人对中国岩石圈三维结构宏观特征研究成果基础上,将块体构造理论应用于解释中国海陆宏观大地构造格架,并将其划分为3个构造域和20多个块体。对3个构造域及块体构造单元特征进行了分析,指出印支运动使中国岩石圈应力场发生了根本性变化,并为现今宏观大地构造格局的形成创造了条件。     

广西原状红粘土力学性状与水敏性特征

对广西原状红粘土的力学指标、胀缩特性与孔径分布随脱湿过程的演化规律进行了较为系统的室内试验研究。结果表明：广西原状红粘土为裂隙发育的硬塑性粘土,不同脱湿阶段的力学指标与胀缩性能在较高含水量范围内受基质吸力控制,在较低的含水量范围内主要受控于裂隙性;转折点处含水量与重型击实(干法备样)最优含水量相接近;原状红粘土的孔隙主要以孔径从0.01 μm～0.05 μm的小孔隙为主,在脱湿过程中,干密度增大,总孔隙体积减小,以0.01 μm～0.05 μm与0.1 μm～1.0 μm两个区间内孔隙体积减小最为明显。     

浙江江山灯影组碳、氧同位素特征

通过测试分析了浙江江山灯影组碳酸盐岩的碳、氧同位素特征。结果显示δ^13C值在-2．11‰～2．71‰之间，底、顶部表现为负异常，主体部分比较平稳，变化频率不大。呈微弱的降低趋势；δ^18O值在-3．52‰～-8．76‰之间变化，整体比较平稳，从底到顶呈略降低的变化趋势。浙江江山碳、氧同位素的特征与国内外同期地层非常相似，具有全球可对比性，反映浙江江山地区在灯影初期海平面短暂下降，随后海洋环境相对稳定，直到灯影末期，与全球古环境发生强烈变化一样，本区海洋环境也发生了强烈变化。     

四川盆地下古生界筇竹寺组与龙马溪组页岩气勘探优选区预测

四川盆地下寒武统筇竹寺组和下志留统龙马溪组为盆地内重要的气源岩,在常规气田勘探中发现广泛的油气显示,表明其具有页岩气勘探的良好前景.在页岩气勘探初期,应该先进行优先层段优先区块的深入研究.目前,多名学者对筇竹寺组、龙马溪组的特征和页岩气发育的有利区住做出了预测,但使用方法不完善、不统一,评价指标比较混乱.在系统分析Fort Worth盆地Barnett页岩优选区块特征的基础上,参照美国地质调查局对Barnett页岩的选区原则,结合四川盆地自身的特征,选取页岩层总厚度、TOC、Ro、埋藏深度4个指标确定了2套岩层的页岩气优选区与延展区.研究认为,筇竹寺组有利区与外围延展区均在成都-乐山-资阳-内江为界的区域内部,龙马溪组有利区与外国延展区均在自贡-宜宾-带.     

Subduction and retreating of the western Pacific plate resulted in lithospheric mantle replacement and coupled basin-mountain respond in the North China Craton

The North China Craton (NCC) witnessed Mesozoic vigorous tectono-thermal activities and transition in the nature of deep lithosphere. These processes took place in three periods: (1) Late Paleozoic to Early Jurassic (～170 Ma); (2) Middle Jurassic to Early Cretaceous (160–140 Ma); (3) Early Cretaceous to Cenozoic (140 Ma to present). The last two stages saw the lithospheric mantle replacement and coupled basin-mountain response within the North China Craton due to subduction and retreating of the Paleo-Pacific plate, and is the emphasis in this paper. In the first period, the subduction and closure of the Paleo- Asian Ocean triggered the back-arc extension, syn-collisional compression and then post-collisional extension accompanied by ubiquitous magmatism along the northern margin of the NCC. Similar processes happened in the southern margin of the craton as the subduction of the Paleo-Tethys ocean and collision with the South China Block. These processes had caused the chemical modification and mechanical destruction of the cratonic margins. The margins could serve as conduits for the asthenosphere upwelling and had the priority for magmatism and deformation. The second period saw the closure of the Mongol-Okhotsk ocean and the shear deformation and magmatism induced by the drifting of the Paleo-Pacific slab. The former led to two pulse of N-S trending compression (Episodes A and B of the Yanshan Movement) and thus the pre-existing continental marginal basins were disintegrated into sporadically basin and range province by the Mesozoic magmatic plutons and NE-SW trending faults. With the anticlockwise rotation of the Paleo-Pacific moving direction, the subduction-related magmatism migrated into the inner part of the craton and the Tanlu fault became normal fault from a sinistral one. The NCC thus turned into a back-arc extension setting at the end of this period. In the third period, the refractory subcontinental lithospheric mantle (SCLM) was firstly remarkably eroded and thinned by the subduction-induced asthenospheric upwelling, especially those beneath the weak zones (i.e., cratonic margins and the lithospheric Tanlu fault zone). Then a slightly lithospheric thickening occurred when the upwelled asthenosphere got cool and transformed to be lithospheric mantle accreted (～125 Ma) beneath the thinned SCLM. Besides, the magmatism continuously moved southeastward and the extensional deformations preferentially developed in weak zones, which include the Early Cenozoic normal fault transformed from the Jurassic thrust in the Trans-North Orogenic Belt, the crustal detachment and the subsidence of Bohai basin caused by the continuous normal strike slip of the Tanlu fault, the Cenozoic graben basins originated from the fault depression in the Trans-North Orogenic Belt, the Bohai Basin and the Sulu Orogenic belt. With small block size, inner lithospheric weak zones and the surrounding subductions/collisions, the Mesozoic NCC was characterized by (1) lithospheric thinning and crustal detachment triggered by the subduction-induced asthenospheric upwelling. Local crustal contraction and orogenesis appeared in the Trans-North Orogenic Belt coupled with the crustal detachment; (2) then upwelled asthenosphere got cool to be newly-accreted lithospheric mantle and crustal grabens and basin subsidence happened, as a result of the subduction zone retreating. Therefore, the subduction and retreating of the western Pacific plate is the outside dynamics which resulted in mantle replacement and coupled basin-mountain respond within the North China Craton. We consider that the Mesozoic decratonization of the North China Craton, or the Yanshan Movement, is a comprehensive consequence of complex geological processes proceeding surrounding and within craton, involving both the deep lithospheric mantle and shallow continental crust.     

井中地震用于陆相储层分析的几项技术

中国陆相储层分布广泛，类型复杂，横向变化大，勘探开发成本高，进行储层分析要求采用高新技术和综合利用多种方法。本文总结了在我国几个油区进行陆相储层分析的几项地震技术即：垂直地震剖面（ＶＳＰ）技术，多偏移距和井间层析成象技术以及多参数分析和综合解释技术，在适应我国经济发展的水平和现状的条件下，用以解决我国复杂的陆相油气储层分析的问题。