2020年1月19日新疆伽师MS6.4地震序列特征及后续趋势分析

介绍2020年1月18日新疆伽师M S5.4和1月19日M S6.4两次地震的基本参数、震源机制解、精定位等资料,分析伽师M S6.4地震序列类型、序列衰减特征和余震序列各项数字地震学资料,并就该序列与历史地震序列进行对比,提出震后趋势判定意见。分析认为,该序列为前—主—余型,余震序列衰减较为迅速。     

Erosion probability model of base-soil particle migration into a granular filter under local flow

To avoid soil erosion, lters often are installed in the downstream cross section of dams. However, the probability of piping failure and the lter effect both are related to the soil pore network. Previous erosion probability models for a base soil- lter system do not consider the effect of local ow. Therefore, in this study, an improved erosion probability model is established, in which the deviation between the main ow direction of the soil and the local ow direction in the lter was considered based on a previous model. The improved model was validated by numerical simulation. The erosion probability was found to affect the reasonable evaluation of lter effects and the optimal selection of lter thickness. The controlling con- striction size in a granular lter was increased to Dc* Dc5 with a lter thickness of 59 Dm.     

晋冀蒙交界地区最小一维速度模型联合反演

文章使用内蒙古地震台网记录到的晋冀蒙交界地区517个定位地震,在参考原始编目报告的基础上,用和达法拟合走时曲线删除错误数据,使用Kissling方法联合反演得到晋冀蒙交界地区最小一维P波速度模型和震源位置。结果显示,研究区P波速度随着深度增加而递增,无明显间断面,联合反演得到的震中位置较原始报告分布更集中,簇状分布更明显。     

Radiolarian fauna from the Chiungchussuan Shuijingtuo Formation(Cambrian Series 2) in Western Hubei Province,South China

Little is known regarding characteristics and evolution of radiolarian fossils in the early Cambrian due to its rarity and poor preservation. Here we report a new radiolarian fauna from the Cambrian Shuijingtuo Formation corresponding to the Chiungchussuan Stage(Cambrian Series 2) in western Hubei, China. It contains over 300 radiolarian tests and these fossils belong to 4 morphotypes, including Paraantygopora porosa gen.et sp. nov., Braunosphaera sinensis gen.et sp. nov., Tetrasphaera? sp. and incertae spherical radiolarians. In taxonomy, Spumellaria predominates in the fauna and comprises 92% of the total. In shell structure, about 73% of all specimens are similar to the early Ordovician radiolarian fossils, with the shell walls characterized by perforated plate structures. The spherical radiolarians with latticed shells constitute another feature of the early Cambrian radiolarian fauna. The radiolarian fauna reported here contains many fossil specimens and covers different taxonomical taxa. These specimens usually consist of distinctive concentric multi-layers with complex structure. These characteristics indicate that Radiolaria had already thrived during the Cambrian Chiungchussuan Stage(Series 2, Stage 3), which may have occurred synchronously with the explosion and prosperity of macrobiota recorded in the strata deposited in shallower water condition.     

Dynamic mechanisms controlling the topography of Longmenshan area

The Longmenshan fault, which defines the eastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau, is one of the steepest margins of the plateau with a sharp elevation drop of about 4 km over a distance less than 100 km across the Longmenshan fault. The mechanism which is responsible for controlling and maintaining the elevation difference is highly debated. Using multiple observations including seismic velocity model, Moho depth, effective elastic thickness of the lithosphere, we conducted a quantitative study for elucidating the contributions from crust and lithospheric mantle by an integrated analysis of lithospheric isostasy and flexure. It is shown that the topography of the Longmenshan fault is supported by both lithospheric isostasy and flexure statically, and lower crustal channel flow and mantle convection dynamically. Different mechanisms have different weights for contribution to the topography of the Songpan-Ganzi block and the Sichuan Basin. The static and dynamic support contribute roughly the same to the topographic difference of ~4 km between the two sides of the Longmenshan fault. The static topographic difference of ~2 km is mainly resulted from the lithospheric isostasy, while the dynamic one of ~2 km is contributed by the uprising of the accumulated material in the lower crust beneath the Songpan-Ganzi block and the downward drag force caused by the upper mantle convection under the Sichuan Basin. It is thus suggested that the lower crustal flow and upper mantle convection are dynamic forces which should be taken into account in the studies on the dynamics in the Longmenshan and surrounding regions.     

滇池铜绿微囊藻(M. aeruginosa Kutz)的分离培养与总DNA提取的改进

利用稀释法结合平板分离培养法将采用滇池水华中的铜绿微囊灌进行了成功的分离纯化,对比纯化培养前后,发现纯化后该藻的生长速度明显加快,密度大为提高,约为纯化前的5倍,由乙醇乙醚混合液对该灌作预处理后,破坏了其胶质被,再经常规方法提取总DNA,其得率提高3－4倍。     

中华绒螯蟹"颤抖病"病原、病理学初步研究

本文对健康和患“颤抖病”中华绒螯解（Ｅｒｉｏｃｈｅｉｒ ｓｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ）进行了微病理学研究,在病蟹中发现类立克次体生物大量寄生。该微生物多呈球状或棒状,直径在０．２２－０３５μｍ之间,具细胞壁和细胞膜,但无典型的细胞核,该微生物在发病初期主要出现于血细胞中,发病晚期大量出现于鳃腔中和心脏、附肢肌肉、消化道、消化腺和生殖腺中的结缔组织及神经胶质中。回感实验表明该生物是江苏淮阴地区河蟹“主贺抖病：的     

椭圆空洞对盾构隧道地震易损性曲线影响研究

采用增量动力分析方法,探究水平向地震下地层空洞对盾构隧道地震响应特征的影响规律。针对管片损伤及周边地层应力,选择弯矩比作为性能评价指标,峰值加速度(PGA)及峰值速度(PGV)作为衡量地震强度指标(IM),阐明椭圆形空洞对管片抗震性能的影响,得到隧道结构的地震易损性曲线。研究表明：椭圆空洞加大了浅埋盾构隧道的地震破坏概率;PGA与PGV均可作为IM并获得相应的隧道易损性曲线;使用弯矩比作为破坏指标,PGV作为地震动指标,其对应的易损性曲线对地层变异性更敏感。研究结论可为潜在空洞发育区防震方案的制定提供参考。     

南京汤泉地下热水补给来源与成因模式

南京汤泉地区地下热水资源丰富,阐明其补给来源及成因模式,对于地下热水的科学开发意义重大。采用水化学及同位素地球化学分析方法对其进行了系统研究。结果表明,研究区地下热水与浅层冷水水化学组成差异明显,热储温度为63~75℃,循环深度为1.8~2.3 km。大气降水入渗是地下热水的补给来源,补给高程范围为321~539 m;循环周期为2046~6474 a;地下热水上涌过程中会混入比例为4%~26%的浅部岩溶冷水。经分析,该地热系统成因上属于中低温对流型,补给区主要为老山复背斜构造内的碳酸盐岩裸露区,依靠区域大地热流供热,热储层主要为上震旦统白云岩,盖层为寒武系、白垩系及第四系,地下热水经深循环沿NEE向与NW向断裂交会通道向上运移,并与浅部冷水发生混合,形成本区的地热异常。     

建设生态文明保障新型城镇群环境安全与可持续发展

党的十八大报告上提出生态文明建设应融入经济建设、政治建设、文化建设与社会建设之中,成为"五位一体"。这项发展战略将对我国今后的科学发展,有着重要的指导意义。论文以生态文明建设为基本出发点,根据自然条件及其发展效应概括了八种不同的城镇群发展类型,指出了现阶段因地制宜发展城镇群的必要性;并针对发展过程中的一些地质环境问题进行讨论,重点针对普遍存在的水、土资源安全与可持续发展问题、极端自然灾害问题、大型工程建设与发展的综合环境不良效应问题,环境污染的危害问题进行了探讨。基于以上分析讨论,作者对城镇建设划分为五个级别,并分别探讨了不同层次城镇的功能,强调了城乡一体化以及协调发展的重要性。